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1.
The zooplankton structure of large lakes (Noyon-Khol’, Shuram-Khol’, Borzu-Khol’, Many-Khol’, Kadysh, and Todzha) of the Todzha
Depression has been studied. A comparison of the species composition, abundance, and biomass of zooplankton in the lakes was
made. Rotifers have the largest species diversity: from 10 to 16 species, with Conochilus sp., Collotheca sp., Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott), and Asplanchna priodonta Gosse being the most abundant. Copepods are represented mostly by Arctodiaptomus paulseni (Sars), Eudiaptomus graciloides (Lilljeborg), Cyclops scutifer Sars, and Mesocyclops leuckarti Claus. Daphnia galeata Sars and Bosmina longispina Leydig are the dominant cladoceran species. It is shown that the zooplankton communities of the lakes in the Todzha Depression
are characterized by a high degree of species composition similarity. Factors forming the taxonomic structure of pelagic zooplankton
in the system of these lakes are displayed. 相似文献
2.
Ecological investigations of long-legged flies (Dolichopodidae) were carried out in wet meadow wetlands near České Budějovice,
Czech Republic. Sampling was performed during the adult flies’ seasonal activity (March–October) in 2002, 2003 and 2004 using
yellow pan traps, Malaise traps, emergence traps, and by sweeping. Altogether 5,697 specimens of 78 species of Dolichopodidae
were collected, identified and analysed. The study examined community structure, species abundance, and diversity (Shannon-Weaver’s
index - H’; Sheldon’s equitability index - E). Chrysotus cilipes, C. gramineus and Dolichopus ungulatus were the most abundant species in all three years. Species richness and diversity seem strongly affected by soil moisture. 相似文献
3.
Eleidae (‘melicerititids’) are unusual cyclostome bryozoans possessing operculate zooids and mandibulate polymorphs (‘eleozooids’)
resembling the avicularia of cheilostome bryozoans. Here we describe 13 eleid species from the Cenomanian-Turonian of the
Bohemian Cretaceous basin in the Czech Republic. Three species of Meliceritites are new: Meliceritites kankensis, M. stillativa and M. upohlavyensis. Reptoforicula gen. nov. is introduced for free-walled eleids with multilamellar encrusting colonies, containing the type species Reptoforicula zbyslavensis sp. nov. and R. vodrazkai sp. nov. Type specimens of three species erroneously assigned to Eleidae are refigured and their true affinities discussed.
This study underscores the value of eleozooids in distinguishing between otherwise closely similar eleid species. The Bohemian
late Cenomanian-early Turonian eleid fauna is dominated by encrusting species, a pattern that is typical of nearshore localities
and contrasts with offshore chalks where erect, vincularian species are more numerous. 相似文献
4.
Matthew R. Gilligan 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1980,5(2):109-116
Synopsis Reef fish community composition in three segments of a peninsular rocky shoreline in the Gulf of California was estimated
over four periods by visual observation. ‘Point’ and ‘bay’ segments had regular and distinct species compositions over most
periods while a ‘middle’ segment was least distinct but consistently had the greatest number of species. Compositional change
along the peninsula was least regular during the coldest sea temperature period (April). Mean species turnover between segments
was highest between point and bay. Within segments, the point had greater compositional predictable composition (lowest species
turnover). When species with regular frequency of encounter were classified into ‘point’, ‘middle’, ‘bay’, and ‘no trend’
groups it was found that comparatively more ‘point’ species had pelagic eggs and comparatively more ‘bay’ species had demersal
eggs. Beta diversity of rocky-shore fishes along the physical gradient of the Punta Doble peninsula reflects a transition
between exposed and protected rocky shoreline communities. The correlated physical environmental characteristics associated
with exposed and protected habitats are discussed in relation to diversity regulation and dispersal strategies in reef fishes. 相似文献
5.
N. Friesen R. Fritsch K. Bachmann 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(8):1229-1238
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) methods have been used to verify the hybridogenic
origin and to identify the parental species of some ornamental cultivars in the subgenus Melanocrommyum of the genus Allium. The cultivars had been selected from seed obtained after uncontrolled pollination in breeders’ fields. The combination of
GISH analysis with RAPD markers is very suitable for testing the hybridogenic origin of plants and to ascertain the parental
species of the hybrids in such cases. As suspected, A. macleanii and A. cristophii are the parental species of ‘Globemaster’. The parental species of cultivar ‘Globus’ are A. karataviense and A. stipitatum, and not A. cristophii and A. giganteum as has been assumed on morphological grounds. Cultivars ‘Lucy Ball’ and ‘Gladiator’ are of hybrid origin, though only one
of the parental species, A. hollandicum, could be confirmed. The cultivars ‘Purple Sensation’, ‘Mount Everest’, ‘White Giant’, ‘Michael H. Hoog’ and ‘Mars’ are not
hybrids since neither GISH nor RAPD suggest the presence of a second genome. ‘Purple Sensation’ belongs to A. hollandicum, ‘Mount Everest’, ‘White Giant’ and ‘Mars’ to A. stipitatum,‘Michael H. Hoog’ to A. rosenorum.
Received: 3 July 1997 / Accepted: 9 October 1997 相似文献
6.
J.-M. Lacape D. Dessauw M. Rajab J.-L. Noyer B. Hau 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2007,19(1):45-58
A series of 320 mapped simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been used to screen the allelic diversity of tetraploid Gossypium species. Fourty-seven genotypes were analyzed representing (i) the wide spectrum of diversity of the cultivated pool and
of the primitive landraces of species G. hirsutum (‘marie-galante’, ‘punctatum’, ‘richmondi’, ‘morrilli’, ‘palmeri’, and ‘latifolium’, and ‘yucatanense’), and (ii) species
G. barbadense, G. darwinii and G. tomentosum. The polymorphism of 201 SSR loci revealed 1128 allelic variants ranging from 3 to 17 per locus. Neighbor-joining (NJ) method
based on genetic dissimilarities produced groupings consistent with the assignments of accessions both at species and at race
level. Our data confirmed the proximity of the Galapagos endemic species G. darwinii to species G. barbadense. Within species G. hirsutum, and as compared to the other 6 races, race yucatanense appeared as the most distant from cultivated genotypes. Race yucatanense
also exhibited the highest number of unique alleles. The important informative heterogeneity of the 201 SSR loci was exploited
to select the most polymorphic ones that were assembled into three series of genome-wide (i.e. each homoeologous AD chromosome
pair being equally represented) and mutliplexable (× 3) SSRs. Using one of these ‘genotyping set’, consisting of 39 SSRs (one
3-plex for each of the 13 AD chromosomes pairs) or 45 loci, we were able to assess the relationships between accessions and
the topology in the genetic diversity sampled. Such genotyping set of highly informative SSR markers assembled in PCR-multiplex,
while increasing genotyping throughput, will be applicable for molecular genetic diversity studies of large germplasm collections.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
7.
Four new and one unidentified species of Neohaliotrema Yamaguti, 1965 were obtained from the gills of the Indo-Pacific sergeant Abudefduf vaigensis (Quoy & Gaimard) off Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia. The five species, N. malayense n. sp., N. bombini n. sp., N. andamanense n. sp., N. parvum n. sp. and an unidentified Neohaliotrema sp. (similar to N. macracanthum Zhukov, 1976), are described and distinguished based mainly on features of the haptor. Species of this genus are divisible
into two groups, the ‘maomao group’, with two pairs of morphometrically modified ‘marginal’ hooks and a fenestrated haptor,
and the ‘gracile group’, with morphologically similar marginal hooks and an entire haptor. With the exception of N. bombini n. sp., the species described fit within the ‘maomao group’. It is suggested that the more complex Neohaliotrema species of the ‘maomao group’ have modified hooks 1 and 2 on a haptoral ‘isthmus’ between two large apertures, i.e. ‘windows’,
whereas the less complex species lacking these features are those of the ‘gracile group’. Neohaliotrema spp. have only a single pair of pigmented eye-spots. A fenestrated haptor is unique to the Neohaliotrema spp. of the ‘maomao group’. The generic diagnosis of Neohaliotrema is amended to include new data and a key to its known species is presented. 相似文献
8.
Anna-Mária Cserg? Szilárd Nemes Dan Gafta László Demeter Sámuel Jakab 《Plant Ecology》2009,203(2):229-242
We modelled the effect of habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of the submediterranean Saponaria bellidifolia, a red list species in Romania. The study was designed at two scales: 100 and 0.5 m2. At larger scale, generalized additive models and canonical correspondence analysis were used to model the density of ramets,
whereas at microscale, binomial logistic regression was employed to model the species’ occurrence. S. bellidifolia abundance responded sensitively to habitat type (classified as “grassy”, “rocky” and “scree”), rather than to microclimatic
variables. At both scales, habitat type was the best predictor of ramet abundance, followed by slope and vegetation cover.
At 0.5 m2, soil depth was also a good predictor of species occurrence. The data revealed that screes are the most suitable habitats
for hosting relatively large populations of this rare species, because of occasional natural disturbances and presumably lower
interspecific competition. 相似文献
9.
The composition of the essential oil from the wormwood sage (Artemisia frigida Willd., Asteraceae) of populations growing in the Altai Territory, the Altai Republic, the Khakass Republic, the Tuva Republic,
and the East-Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the representative species of the silver-leaved wormwood
Artemisia argyrophylla Ledeb. growing in the Republic Altai has been studied by chromato-mass spectrometry. An analysis of 15 samples of the essential
oil from A. frigida obtained over a period from 1999 to 2007 indicates that samples from different populations have similar sets of the main
components: α-pinene (0.2–7.8%), camphene (1.9–5.8%), 1,8-cineole (8.9–33.8%), camphor (6.7–40.0%), borneol (3.9–12.3%), terpine-4-ol
(1.5–6.5%), bornyl acetate (1.4–22.0%), and germacrene D (1.4–14.6%). Some samples contain substantial amounts of α- and β-thujones
(in total up to 19.1%), which are completely absent in other samples. Some samples contain santolina alcohol (up to 13.8%)
and its acetate (up to 4.8%). As differentiated from A. frigida, the essential oil of A. argyrophylla contains yomogi alcohol (1.2%), artemisia ketone (12.9%), artemisia alcohol (3.1%), artemisia alcohol acetate (3.9%), and
small amounts of camphor (3.2%), borneol (0.3%), and bornyl acetate (0.2%). 相似文献
10.
Łukasz Łuczaj 《Economic botany》2011,65(1):66-75
Changes in Assumption Day Herbal Bouquets in Poland: A Nineteenth Century Study Revisited. The aim of this study is to compare a list of plants blessed in herbal bouquets on Assumption Day (August 15th) in Poland
over a century ago with the bouquets blessed in the same locations in 2009. Assumption Day has been the main occasion when
plants are blessed in Polish Roman Catholic churches for centuries. Such bouquets, composed of medicinal herbs and crop plants,
are long believed to possess apotropaic properties. In 1894–1899, Seweryn Udziela made an herbarium documenting the composition
of these bouquets (over 100 species) in 13 locations in the Kraków area. In 2009, 482 bouquets were photographed on Assumption
Day and the plant species were identified. Results indicate that only half the species from Udziela’s list are still blessed.
A total of 233 taxa were found in the bouquets in 2009, an average of nine species per bouquet. The proportion of cultivated
ornamentals has increased over time, whereas the proportion of wild species and dry grassland plants has decreased. The proportion
of crop plants, as well as species from grassland and forest habitats, remained the same. The most commonly blessed species
were Solidago spp., Tanacetum vulgare, Dahlia sp., Sanguisorba officinalis, Anethum graveolens, Achillea millefolium, Mentha spp., Zinnia elegans, Triticum sp., Avena sativa, and Sorbus aucuparia. The tradition of blessing bouquets continues, although the composition of the plant species has changed. These changes are
due to alterations in the surrounding vegetation and the species of plants in cultivation, the transformation of species’
value from medicinal and apotropaic, the maintenance of floral traditions, and artistic competition. 相似文献
11.
Yury Verves 《法国昆虫学会纪事》2018,54(5):410-416
Based on a revision of large recent collections housed by Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Masaryk University, Brno, and in the private collection of Yu. Verves (Kyiv, Ukraine), new distributional data and an updated and commented list of Czech and Slovak Sarcophagidae are presented. The following six species are firstly recorded from the Czech Republic: Macronychia (s. str.) substriginervis Verves & Khrokalo, 2006, Paragusia multipunctata (Rondani, 1859), Oebalia praeclusa (Pandellé, 1895), Nyctia lugubris (Macquart, 1843), Blaesoxipha dupuisi Léonide & Léonide, 1973, and B. grylloctona Loew, 1861. As a result, 143 species of the family Sarcophagidae are currently known from the Czech Republic (109 from Bohemia and 129 from Moravia), and 131 species are known from Slovakia. 相似文献
12.
The 1997 check list of Dolichopodidae of the Czech Republic and Slovakia has recently been reviewed and updated. The new species
list includes 346 species with 22 species added as new to the fauna of the Czech Republic. While the check list itself is
published elsewhere, largely unpublished new records of Hercostomus argentifrons, H. nigrilamellatus, Medetera adjaniae, M. melancholica and M. setiventris are presented here, together with data on their distribution in Europe and their biology and ecology. The status of the newly
added Sympycnus desoutteri is discussed. H. argentifrons is recorded here for the first time from the Czech Republic (Bohemia; Moravia) and background information is given on its
discovery. While the Czech fauna with 324 species can be considered well known, the fauna of Slovakia is definitely much richer
than its current national list of 217 species suggests. In the latter country, in particular surveys of sandy habitats with
heathland or peatmoor, saltmarshes, reedmarshes, humid forests on loamy soils, and of rothole and saprun microhabitats on
trees might quickly yield new species records. 相似文献
13.
A. B. Mandal Aparna Maiti Bikash Chowdhury R. Elanchezhian 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(5):599-604
Summary Salt-soluble polypeptide and a few isozymes were profiled to identify banana cultivars available in Andamans, India. Salt-soluble
polypeptide profile was found to be inappropriate in cultivar identification However, isozymes such as peroxidase could differentiate
‘Jungli kela’, ‘Tissue Cultured Dwarf Cavendish’ (TCDC), ‘Lal kela’, ‘Rajbel’, and ‘Baratang wild’, while esterase identified
all the cultivars except ‘Rajbel’ and ‘Tarkari kela’. The latter two cultivars could be identified with the use of malate
dehydrogenase (MDH) and peroxidase profiles, MDH portrayed cultivar-specific distinct banding pattern in ‘Khatta Champa’,
‘Tarkari kela’, and ‘Baratang wild’, ‘China kela’ could be identified easily by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Amongst four isozymes,
esterase was found to be most efficient in identifying eight cultivars amongst 10; bence this isozyme may be used often as
a marker for cultivar identification of banana. 相似文献
14.
The European flora is of global significance but many species are facing an ever increasing range of threats, especially the
growing impacts of climate change. While various estimates have been made for the number of threatened plant species in Europe,
an up-to-date European plant Red List does not presently exist. Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC)
calls for 60% of threatened plant species to be conserved in ex situ collections by 2010. In the absence of a European plant
Red List, it is difficult to monitor progress at the regional level towards this target. To address this gap Botanic Gardens
Conservation International (BGCI) has developed a consolidated list of European threatened species as a step towards a formal
Red List. The database consists of national Red List data from 28 European countries and includes records for over 11,000
taxa. National Red List data were supplemented by information on the critically endangered plants of Europe provided by the
Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle/European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity and the Conservatoire Botanique National
de Brest. A list of regionally threatened species was extracted from the database and screened against BGCI’s database of
plants in cultivation in botanic gardens (PlantSearch) and ENSCONET’s (European Native Seed Conservation Network) database
of plants conserved in European seed banks. This analysis revealed that 42% of European threatened species are currently included
in ex situ conservation programmes in Europe. 相似文献
15.
The compositions of leaf monoterpenoids from 11 species in the Juniperus section (Juniperus chinensis var. chinensis,J. virginiana, J. communis var. montana,J. rigida, J. chinensis var. globosa,J. chinensis var. sargentii,J. chinensis ‘Kaizuka Variegata’,J. squamata ‘Wilsonii’,J. x media ‘Shimpake’,J. x media ‘Plamosa Aurea’, andJ. squamata ‘Aloderi’) were comparatively analyzed by GC-MS. Of the 24 compounds identified, α-pinene, myrcene, limonene, terpinolene,
and bornyl acetate were common to all, but particular combinations differed remarkably among taxa. The simplest composition
(eight compounds) was found in.J, chinensis var. chinensis; the most complex (19 compounds), inJ. x media ‘Shimpake’. Cluster analysis generated four distinctive clades within the Juniperus section. The minimum spanning network
revealed thatJ. squamata ‘Wilsonii’ andJ. x media ‘Shimpake’ were most similar in their chemical makeup. 相似文献
16.
An annotated list of chironomid species from small reservoirs located in the Republic of Bashkortostan in the basins of Kama, Ural, and Ob rivers is given. The list includes 54 valid species. In addition, data on the abundance of larvae in the studied waters are presented. A total of 60 species of 31 genera from 3 subfamilies, Tanypodinae (5), Orthocladiinae (18), and Chironominae (37), are recorded. The largest number of species is registered in the Sakmara Reservoir. Palearctic species dominate. 相似文献
17.
Science-based approaches to support the conservation of marine biodiversity have been developed in recent years. They include
measures of ‘rarity’, ‘diversity’, ‘importance’, biological indicators of water ‘quality’ and measures of ‘sensitivity’. Identifying
the sensitivity of species and biotopes, the main topic of this contribution, relies on accessing and interpreting available
scientific data in a structured way and then making use of information technology to disseminate suitably presented information
to decision makers. The Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) has achieved that research for a range of environmentally critical species and biotopes over the past four years and has
published the reviews on the MarLIN Web site (www.marlin.ac.uk). Now, by linking the sensitivity database and databases of survey information, sensitivity mapping
approaches using GIS are being developed. The methods used to assess sensitivity are described and the approach is advocated
for wider application in Europe. 相似文献
18.
Invasive species poses a threat to the world’s oceans. Alien sponges account for the majority of introduced marine species
in the isolated Hawaiian reef ecosystems. In this study, cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent techniques were
applied to investigate microbial consortia associated with the alien Hawaiian marine sponge Suberites zeteki. Its microbial communities were diverse with representatives of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, α- and γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria. Specifically, the genus Chlamydia was identified for the first time from marine sponges, and two genera (Streptomyces and Rhodococcus) were added to the short list of culturable actinobacteria from sponges. Culturable microbial communities were dominated
by Bacillus species (63%) and contained actinobacterial species closely affiliated with those from habitats other than marine sponges.
Cyanobacterial clones were clustered with free-living cyanobacteria from water column and other environmental samples; they
show no affiliation with other sponge-derived cyanobacteria. The low sequence similarity of Planctomycetes, Chlamydiae, and α-Proteobacteria clones to other previously described sequences suggested that S. zeteki may contain new lineages of these bacterial groups. The microbial diversity of S. zeteki was different from that of other studied marine sponges. This is the first report on microbial communities of alien marine
invertebrate species. For the first time, it provides an insight into microbial structure within alien marine sponges in the
Hawaiian marine ecosystems. 相似文献
19.
M.J. Iqbal O.U.K. Reddy K.M. El-Zik A.E. Pepper 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,103(4):547-554
Reliable information about the evolutionary and genetic relationships of various germplasm resources is essential to the establishment
of rational strategies for crop improvement. We used AFLPs to study the genetic relationships of 43 cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum representative of the genomic composition of modern ’Upland’ cotton. The study also included representatives of the related
tetraploid species Gossypium barbadense, as well as the diploid species Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium incanum, Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium arboreum. We tested 20 primer combinations that resulted in a total of 3,178 fragments. At the species level, and above, genetic similarities
based on AFLPs were in agreement with the known taxonomic relationships. Similarity indices ranged from 0.25 to 0.99. Representatives
of the G. hirsutum germplasm resources utilized in North America, including secondary accessions collected by breeders in Central America (’Acala’,
’Tuxtla’, ’Kekchi’) and the southwestern US (’Hopi Moencopi’), formed a single cluster with exceedingly limited genetic diversity
(with many pairwise similarity indices >0.96) We concluded that these accessions were derived from the same genetic pool.
The early maturing or ’latifolium’ or ’Mexican Highlands’ cultigens from which these cultivars were derived appear to have
had extremely limited genetic diversity, perhaps as a result of a severe genetic bottleneck resulting from the selection pressures
of domestication. Outside of the major G. hirsutum cluster, well-supported phylogenies were inferred. Inside this cluster, phylogenies were obscured by limited diversity, reticulation
and lineage sorting. The implications of these findings for cotton improvement are discussed.
Received: 23 May 2000 / Accepted: 23 January 2001 相似文献
20.
R. Grumet E. Kabelka S. McQueen T. Wai R. Humphrey 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(3):463-472
At least three sources of resistance to the watermelon strain of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W) have been identified in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) including: ’TMG-1’, an inbred line derived from the Taiwanese cultivar, ’Taichung Mou Gua’; ’Dina-1’, an inbred line
derived from the Dutch hybrid ’Dina’; and the South American cultivar ’Surinam’. In this investigation we sought to determine
the inheritance of resistance to PRSV-W in ’Dina-1’, the allelic relationships among the three sources of PRSV-W resistance,
and the relationship between PRSV-W resistance and known resistances to other cucurbit potyviruses. Like ’Surinam’ and ’TMG-1’,
resistance in ’Dina-1’ is controlled by a single gene. Despite differences in dominance vs recessive performance and patterns
of virus accumulation, all three sources of resistance complemented each other. ’TMG-1’ and ’Dina-1’ also possess co-segregating,
single-gene resistances to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus and Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus. Sequential inoculations and F3 family analysis indicated that resistance to PRSV-W completely co- segregated with resistance to ZYMV in ’TMG-1’. Although
PRSV-W resistances are at the same locus in both ’TMG-1’ and ’Surinam’, ’Surinam’ is only resistant to PRSV-W, and progeny
of ’TMG-1’×’Surinam’ were resistant to PRSV-W but susceptible to ZYMV. Susceptibility to ZYMV and resistance to PRSV-W in
’Surinam’ was not influenced by co-inoculation or sequential in- oculations of the two viruses. Collectively, the co- segregation
of resistances to PRSV-W, ZYMV, WMV and MWMV in ’TMG-1’ (within 1 cM), allelism of PRSV-W resistances in ’TMG-1’ and ’Surinam’,
and resistance to only PRSV-W in ’Surinam’, suggest that multiple potyvirus resistance in cucumber may be due to different
alleles of a single potyvirus resistance gene with differing viral specificities, or that the multiple resistances are conferred
by a tightly linked cluster of resistance genes, of which ’Surinam’ only possesses one member.
Received: 22 July 1999 / Accepted: 2 December 1999 相似文献