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1.
Summary A two-year field study was undertaken using15N isotope techniques to differentiate between stimulation of N uptake and N2 fixation in Western Canadian cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Thell) and durum (T. turgidum L. emend Bowden) in response to inoculation with N2-fixing bacteria.
Bacterial inoculation either had no effect or lowered the % N derived from the fertilizer and the fertilizer use efficiency.
Despite the depression of fertilizer uptake, inoculants did not alter the relative uptake from soil and fertilizer-N pools
indicating that bacterial inoculation did not alter rooting patterns. Nitrogen-15 isotope dilution indicated that N2 fixation did occur.
In 1984, % plant N derived from the atmosphere (% Ndfa) due to inoculation with Bacillus C-11-25 averaged 23.9% while that
withAzospirillum brasilense ATCC 29729 (Cd) averaged 15.5%. In 1985, higher soil N levels reduced these values by approximately one-half. Cultivar x
inoculant interactions, while significant, were not consistent across years. However, these interactions did not affect cultivars
‘Cadet’ and ‘Rescue’. In agreement with previous results, ‘Cadet’ performed well with all inoculants in both years while ‘Rescue’
performed poorly.
Among 1984 treatments, the N increament in inoculated plants was positively correlated with % Ndfa but no such correlation
existed in 1985. N2 fixation averaged over all cultivars and strains was 17.9 and 6.7 kg N fixed ha−1 in 1984 and 1985, respectively. Highest rates of N2 fixation were estimated at 52.4 kg N ha−1 for ‘Cadet’ in 1984 and 31.3 kg N ha−1 for ‘Owens’ in 1985, both inoculated with Bacillus C-11-25, an isolate from southern Alberta soils. Inoculation with either
ofAzospirillum brasilense strain Cd (ATCC29729) or 245 did not result in as consistent or as high N2 fixation, suggesting that these wheats had not evolved genetic compatability with this exogenous microorganism. These agronomically
significant amounts of N2 fixation occurred under optimally controlled experimental conditions in the field. It is yet to be determined if N2 fixation would occur in response to bacterial inoculation under dryland conditions commonly occurring in Western Canada.
Contribution from Agriculture Canada Research Station, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. 相似文献
2.
Aguilera-Gomez L. Davies F.T. Jr. Olalde-Portugal V. Duray S.A. Phavaphutanon L. 《Photosynthetica》1999,36(3):441-449
Seedlings of chile ancho pepper were grown in pots containing a pasteurized mixture of sand and a low phosphorus (P) sandy
loam soil, and either inoculated (VAM) or not inoculated (NVAM) with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Long
Ashton nutrient solution (LANS) was modified to supply P to the seedlings at 0, 11, and 44 g(P) m-3 (P0, P11, P44, respectively). Low P depressed net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), phosphorus use efficiency (PN/P), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci). The mycorrhiza alleviated low P effects by increasing PN, gs, PN/P, and decreasing Ci. At P0, Ci of NVAM plants was equal to or higher than that of VAM plants, suggesting nonstomatal inhibition of photosynthesis. Gas exchange
of VAM plants at P0 was similar to that of NVAM plants at P11. Endomycorrhiza increased leaf number, leaf area, shoot, root and fruit mass at
P0 and P11 compared to NVAM plants. Reproductive growth was enhanced by 450 % in mycorrhizal plants at P44. Root colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, internal and extraradical hyphae development) was higher at lower P concentrations,
while sporulation was unaffected. The enhanced growth and gas exchange of mycorrhizal plants was in part due to greater uptake
of P and greater extraradical hyphae development.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
K. Datta R. Velazhahan N. Oliva I. Ona T. Mew G. S. Khush S. Muthukrishnan S. K. Datta 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,98(6-7):1138-1145
A 1.1-kb DNA fragment containing the coding region of a thaumatin-like protein (TLP-D34), a member of the PR-5 group, was
cloned into the rice transformation vector pGL2, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. The Indica rice cultivars, ‘Chinsurah
Boro II’, ‘IR72’, and ‘IR51500’ were transformed with the tlp gene construct by PEG-mediated direct gene transfer to protoplasts and by biolistic transformation using immature embryos.
The presence of the chimeric gene in T0, T1, and T2 transgenic plants was detected by Southern blot analysis. The presence of the expected 23-kDa TLP in transgenic plants was
confirmed by Western blot analysis and by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Bioassays of transgenic plants challenged
with the sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, indicated that over-expression of TLP resulted in enhanced resistance compared to control plants.
Received: 11 August 1998 / Accepted: 26 August 1998 相似文献
4.
In order to study the responses of winter wheat cultivars released in different years to short-term high O3 exposure, an old cultivar (‘Nongda 311’, released in 1960s) and a modern one (‘Yannong 19’, released in 1990s) were treated
with an O3 exposure (145 ± 12 mm3 m−3, 4 h d−1 for 3 d) shortly after anthesis stage (> 50 % main stems blossomed). During the O3 exposure, light-saturated photosynthetic rate (P
N) and stomatal conductance (g
s) of both cultivars decreased considerably. Elevated O3 did not decrease dark-adapted maximum photochemical efficiency, but induced significant reduction in actual photochemical
efficiency and thereby considerably increase in non-photochemical quenching. P
N, g
s of the modern cultivar ‘Yannong 19’ decreased more than the older one ‘Nongda 311’, indicating the former exhibited higher
sensitivity to O3 than the latter. After O3 exposure, P
N, g
s and chlorophyll (Chl) content in flag leaf decreased more quickly than control, indicating induction of faster premature
leaf senescence. As a result, the short-term O3 exposure caused substantial yield loss, with larger reduction in ‘Yannong 19’ (−19.2 %) than in ‘Nongda 311’ (−8.4 %). Our
results indicated that high O3 exposure at grain filling stage would have greater negative impacts on the high yielding modern cultivar relative to the
old one with lower yield. 相似文献
5.
H. Barker 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(8):1258-1262
Extreme resistance to the potato V potyvirus (PVV) was found in four potato cultivars that contain Ry genes from Solanum stoloniferum. When plants of these cultivars, were inoculated by grafting in shoot tips from PVV-infected tomato plants, necrotic symptoms
developed in some cultivars, although a full hypersensitive reaction was not elicited, while other cultivars were symptomless.
PVV replication was not detected in any of the inoculated plants by ELISA, an infectivity assay of leaf extracts by manual
inoculation to Nicotiana benthamiana indicator plants, or by ‘return grafting’ of shoot tips taken from newly developed shoots of the potato plants to virus-free
indicator plants of tomato. These methods readily detected PVV infection in inoculated plants of cv ‘Flourball’, which does
not contain an Ry gene and is susceptible, and in cvs ‘Maris Piper’ and ‘Dr Macintosh’, which contain gene Nv conditioning a hypersensitive reaction to inoculation. One of the Ry-containing cultivars, ‘Barbara’, has been previously shown to contain two genes that control extreme resistance, defined
as no viral replication in intact plants, to the potyviruses potato viruses Y and A (PVY and PVA). These genes are: Ry
sto
, which conditions resistance to PVY and PVA, and gene Ra, which conditions resistance to PVA only. It was found that in genotypes from a progeny of the cross ‘Barbara’ (Ry
sto
/Ra)בFlourball’ (ry/ra), extreme resistance to PVV segregated with gene Ry
sto
. It is proposed that either gene Ry
sto
conditions broad-spectrum extreme resistance to the distinct potyviruses PVY, PVA, and PVV or that Ry
sto
represents a family of genetically closely linked genes each controlling resistance to a specific virus.
Received: 27 December 1996 / Accepted: 9 June 1997 相似文献
6.
Many soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes that are grown in solution cultures are highly sensitive to the combination of both salinity and inorganic
phosphate (Pi) in the substrate. This effect has been observed on numerous occasions on plants grown in a saline medium that
contained a substantial amount of Ca (i.e., CaCl2/NaCl=0.5 on a molar basis). Because Ca is important in regulating ion transport and membrane permeability, solution culture
experiments were designed to examine the effects of various concentrations of Pi and ratios of CaCl2/NaCl (0 to 0.5 on a molar basis) at a constant osmotic potential (−0.34 MPa) on this adverse interaction. Four soybean cultivars
(‘Lee’, ‘Lee 74’ ‘Clark’ and ‘Clark 63’) were tested.
No adverse salinity x Pi interaction was found on Lee at any ratio and leaf P and Cl were maintained below 300 and 200 mmol
kg−1 dry wt, respectively. Clark, Clark 63 and Lee 74 soybean plants, on the other hand, were severely injured by solution salinity
(−0.34 MPa osmotic potential) when substrate Pi was ≥0.12 mM. Reduced substrate Ca did not intensify the salinity x Pi interaction. On the contrary, the onset of injury was hastened
and more severe with increased CaCl2/NaCl ratios in isotonic solutions. Shoot and root growth rates decreased as injury increased. Leaf P concentrations from
these cultivars grown in saline solutions with 0.12 mM Pi were excessive (>600 mmol kg−1 dry wt) compared with concentrations commonly found in soybean leaf tissue yet they were independent of the severity of injury.
Since leaf Cl increased wiht increased CaCl2/NaCl ratio, we suspect that the severity of foliar injury was related to the combined effects of excessive P and Cl within
the tissue. Lee 74, the only injured cultivar examined that excluded Cl from its leaves, was less sensitive than either Clark
cultivar and its injury was characteristically different. Other ion interactions were reported that may have played a role
in injury susceptibility. 相似文献
7.
Summary Anthers and ovaries of six grapevine cultivars (three Vitis vinifera L., two V × Labruscana L. H. Bailey, and one complex hybrid) were extracted from flower buds over 2 yr and cultured on three media reported to promote
somatic embryogenesis in Vitis tissues. The highest percent embryogenesis from the hybrid ‘Chancellor’ and V. vinifera ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’, and ‘Pinot Noir’ occurred on medium C [Nitsch and Nitsch, 1969, basal medium with 3.0% (w/v) sucrose,
0.01% (w/v) inositol. 0.3% (w/v) Phytagel, 2.5 μM 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2.5μM β-naphthoxyacetic acid, 5.0μM N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea, and 0.05% (w/v) glutamine]. Regardless of the media, the labrusca cultivars ‘Concord’ and ‘Niagara’ produced
soft non-embryogenic callus that was sometimes mixed with well-developed somatic embryos. Nine vinifera genotypes were further
tested for several different years on medium C. Embryogenic cultures suitable for transformation were obtained from all genotypes
in more than 1 yr. The average percent embryogenesis from ovaries was 7-fold higher than from anthers. There was significant
annual variation in percent embryogenesis, demonstrating the need for media comparisons to be replicated for more than one
season. Suspension cultures suitable for use in genetic transformation were initiated from ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot,’ and ‘Pinot
Noir’ pro-embryogenic masses. ‘Chardonnay’ suspension cultures plated and grown under conditions developed for recovery of
plants after biolistic transformation yielded approximately 500 non-transformed embryos per plate after 4 mo. of culture,
with 68.6% of the embryos converting to plants. This is the first reported protocol for embryogenesis from ‘Concord,’ ‘Cabernet
Franc,’ and ‘Pinot Noir’ grapevines. 相似文献
8.
Response of strawberry to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under very high soil phosphorus conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A field study was done to assess the potential benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation of elite strawberry plants
on plant multiplication, under typical strawberry nursery conditions and, in particular, high soil P fertility (Mehlich-3
extractible P=498 mg kg−1). Commercially in vitro propagated elite plants of five cultivars (‘Chambly,’ ‘Glooscap,’ ‘Joliette,’ ‘Kent,’ and ‘Sweet
Charlie’) were transplanted in noninoculated growth substrate or in substrate inoculated with Glomus intraradices or with a mixture of species (G. intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus etunicatum) at the acclimation stage and were grown for 6 weeks before transplantation in the field. We found that AM fungi can impact
on plant productivity in a soil classified as excessively rich in P. Inoculated mother plants produced about 25% fewer daughter
plants than the control in Chambly (P=0.03), and Glooscap produced about 50% more (P=0.008) daughter plants when inoculated with G. intraradices, while the productivity of other cultivars was not significantly decreased. Daughter plant shoot mass was not affected by
treatments, but their roots had lower, higher, or similar mass, depending on the cultivar–inoculum combination. Root mass
was unrelated to plant number. The average level of AM colonization of daughter plants produced by noninoculated mother plants
did not exceed 2%, whereas plants produced from inoculated mothers had over 10% of their root length colonized 7 weeks after
transplantation of mother plants and ∼6% after 14 weeks (harvest), suggesting that the AM fungi brought into the field by
inoculated mother plants had established and spread up to the daughter plants. The host or nonhost nature of the crop species
preceding strawberry plant production (barley or buckwheat) had no effect on soil mycorrhizal potential, on mother plant productivity,
or on daughter plant mycorrhizal development. Thus, in soil excessively rich in P, inoculation may be the only option for
management of the symbiosis. 相似文献
9.
Mokhtar Guerfel Alexandros Beis Tasos Zotos Dalenda Boujnah Mokhtar Zarrouk Angelos Patakas 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(4):825-831
Differences in abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation between two olive cultivars were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
in roots and leaves, leaf water potential (Ψl), stomatal conductance (g
s) as well as photosynthetic rate (A) were also determined in well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) plants of two olive
cultivars ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’. ‘Chemlali’ was able to maintain higher leaf CO2 assimilation rate and leaf stomatal conductance throughout the drought cycle when compared with ‘Chetoui’. Furthermore, leaf
water potential of ‘Chemlali’ decreased in lower extent than in Chetoui in response to water deficit. Interestingly, significant
differences in water-stress-induced ABA accumulation were observed between the two olive cultivars and reflect the degree
of stress experienced. Chemlali, a drought tolerant cultivar, accumulated lower levels of ABA in their leaves to regulate
stomatal control in response to water stress compared to the drought sensitive olive cultivar ‘Chetoui’ which accumulated
ABA in large amount. 相似文献
10.
During vegetative period 2004–2005 powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal) field resistance of spring barley cultivars was investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture. The
spring barley genotypes tested were Lithuania-registered cultivars, cultivars from genetic resources collection, and the new
cultivars used for initial breeding. In total, 23 resistance genes were present in the 84 cultivars studied. Among mono-genes
only mlo and 1-B-53 showed very high resistance. Slight powdery mildew necroses (up to 3 scores) formed on cultivars possessing these genes.
The maximal powdery mildew (PM) severity reached a score of 8.5 and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) a value
of 1216.8. The cultivars ‘Primus’, ‘Astoria’, ‘Power’, ‘Harrington’ and ‘Scarlett’ were the most resistant among the non mlo cultivars. Severity of PM on ‘Primus’ reached a score of 3.5 (3.0 of PM necrosis) in average, the other cultivars were diseased
from 4.5 (3.0) to 5.0 (2.0). The AUDPC values for these cultivars except ‘Scarlett’ were the lowest (85.0–145.3) among the
other cultivars. The highest contrast in development of the other leaf diseases was between highly resistant and susceptible
to PM cultivar groups. The fast development of PM depressed development of the other diseases 4.7 times. 相似文献
11.
Leal F Loureiro J Rodriguez E Pais MS Santos C Pinto-Carnide O 《Plant cell reports》2006,25(9):978-985
Flow cytometry was employed to determine the ploidy level of Vitis vinifera L. somatic embryo-derived plants obtained from anther culture. Only one among the 41 analysed plants (2.4%) presented somaclonal variation (tetraploidy); the other plants were diploid. No significant differences (P≤0.05) were detected between diploid and parental field plants. No haploid or aneuploid plants were observed. The nuclear DNA content of nine V. vinifera cultivars was also estimated using flow cytometry. A non-significant variation was found among the cultivars, with DNA content ranging from 1.17 pg/2C (cv. ‘Tinta Barroca’ and ‘Viosinho’) to 1.26 pg/2C (cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’). These results and previous studies on other Vitis species suggest that Vitis genome is stable with regard to nuclear DNA content. 相似文献
12.
Kathryn Kamo Janet Chen Roger Lawson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1990,26(4):425-430
Summary Inflorencence stalks from greenhouse-grownGladiolus plants of the cultivars ‘Blue Isle’ and ‘Hunting Song’ cultured on a Murashige and Skoog basal salts medium supplemented
with 53.6 μM 1-napthaleneacetic acid formed a compact, not friable type of callus that regenerated plantlets. Cormel slices and intact
plantlets of three cultivars (‘Peter Pears’, ‘Rosa Supreme’, ‘Jenny Lee’) propagated through tissue culture formed a friable
type of callus when cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal salts medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. This
friable callus readily formed a cell suspension when the callus was placed in a liquid medium. Plants were regenerated from
two-month-old suspension cell cultures of the commercial cultivar ‘Peter Pears’ after the suspension cells had been cultured
on solid medium. 相似文献
13.
L. Hartl S. Seefelder 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(1):112-116
The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to assay eight hop cultivars. The application of fluorescent-labelled
primers proved to be a valuable tool and substituted radiolabelling. Digestion with the enzymes EcoRI/ MseI and amplification with primers having three selective bases at the 3’end resulted in distinct banding patterns for imaging
with a fluorescent scanner. A total of 523 AFLP fragments derived from eight primer combinations were analysed. On average,
18 polymorphisms per combination were displayed. The Saazer “noble” hop cultivars ‘Saazer’, ‘Tettnanger’ and ‘Spalter’ could
not be discriminated. The lowest genetic similarity (GS) between lines was computed for the bitter hops ‘Hallertauer Magnum’
and ‘Wye Target’: GS value of 0.89. The high level of genetic similarity of the analysed hop cultivars is discussed.
Received: 11 August 1997 / Accepted: 22 August 1997 相似文献
14.
The effects of water deficit on photochemical parameters and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase
and glutathione reductase were investigated in two olive cultivars differing in drought tolerance — ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’.
After 30 days without irrigation, leaf water potential fell to −5.5 MPa that was accompanied by a marked decrease in net photosynthesis
in ‘Chetoui’ olive cultivar. Maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) decreased slightly in ‘Chemlali’ (28 %) and substantially in ‘Chétoui’ (47 %). Both cultivars showed a similar decline (about
25 %) in the photochemical quenching coefficient, but only the drought-sensitive olive cultivar exhibited an enhancement (31
%) of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching under water deficit conditions. The quantum yield of electron transport decreased
in both olive cultivars. ‘Chemlali’ showed a higher protection against oxidative stress, as judged from the lower levels of
the malondialdehyde production. Catalase activity was higher in ‘Chetoui’. Glutathione reductase activity was increased similarly
in both olive cultivars under water stress. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was enhanced in ‘Chemlali’ under water stress, but
was unaffected in ‘Chetoui’. While, superoxide dismutase activity was inhibited in both cultivars under water stress, but
higher activity was detected in ‘Chemlali’. Thus, the ability to increase ascorbate peroxidase and a higher superoxide dismutase
activity might be an important attribute linked to the drought tolerance in ‘Chemlali’ olive cultivar. 相似文献
15.
The objective of this study was to produce durum wheat doubled haploid (DH) plants through the induction of microspore embryogenesis.
The microspore culture technique was improved to maximize production of green plants per spike using three commercial cultivars.
Studies on factors such as induction media composition, induction media support and the stage and growth of donor plants were
carried out in order to develop an efficient protocol to regenerate green and fertile DH plants. Microspores were plated on
a C17 induction culture medium with ovary co-culture and a supplement of glutathione plus glutamine; 300 g/l Ficoll Type-400 was
incorporated to the induction medium support. Donor plants were fertilized with a combination of macro and microelements.
With the cultivars ‘Ciccio’ and ‘Claudio’ an average of 36.5 and 148.5 fertile plants were produced, respectively, from 1,000
anthers inoculated. This technique was then used to produce fertile DH plants of potential agronomic interest from a collection
of ten F1 crosses involving cultivars of high breeding value. From these crosses 849 green plants were obtained and seed was harvested
from 702 plants indicating that 83% of green plants were fertile and therefore were spontaneously DHs. No aneuploid plant
was obtained. The 702 plants yielded enough seeds to be field tested. One of the DH lines obtained by microspore embryogenesis,
named ‘Lanuza’, has been sent to the Spanish Plant Variety Office for Registration by the Batlle Seed Company. This protocol
can be used instead of the labor-intensive inter-generic crossing with maize as an economically feasible method to obtain
DHs for most crosses involving the durum wheat cultivars grown in Spain. 相似文献
16.
In vitro screening for cold hardiness of raspberry cultivars 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars ‘Festival’, ‘Titan’ and ‘Willamette’ were cultured in vitro on three different media:
(A) MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 BAP and 0.1 mg l-1 IBA, (B) MS medium without growth regulators, and (C) MS medium with reduced sucrose (10 g l-1), and exposed to different low temperature acclimation treatments: (1) control, no acclimation, (2) 1 week at +15 °C, 1 week
at +2 °C, 24 h at -2 °C and 3 days at +2 °C, and (3) 2 weeks at +15 °C, 2 weeks at +2 °C, 24 h at −2 °C and 3 days at +2 °C.
After acclimation, shoot moisture content was measured, and cold hardiness (LT50) was determined by controlled freezing. Shoot moisture content was generally lower on culture medium B compared to the other
media, but not affected by acclimation treatment. In non-acclimated plants, medium composition had no effect on cold hardiness
and no cultivar differences in hardiness were observed. After acclimation, plants on culture medium B were on average more
cold hardy than on the other media. Acclimation treatment 3 on media A and B allowed the best discrimination between the hardy
cultivar ‘Festival’ and less cold hardy ‘Titan’ and ‘Willamette’. When acclimation treatments were tested further using 11
raspberry cultivars with different levels of cold hardiness, discrimination between cultivars was satisfactory only after
acclimation treatment 3 on culture medium B.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
A promising approach for overcoming poor crop yields in phosphorus (P)-deficient soils is to exploit the genetic variation among plants to grow under low P conditions. We examined the P requirements of three mungbean cultivars, T-77, MI-5 and E-72, using four P rates, 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg P kg-1 soil (designated P0, P1, P2 and P3, respectively). Nodulation was highest in T-77, and unlike the other cultivars, nodule numbers were not increased by P application. Similarly, growth of T-77 was the highest, and was not influenced by P rates. In contrast shoot yields of MI-5 and E-72 at P0 were only 76 and 65%, respectively, of the maximum obtained under P application. Nodule dry weight and the amount of N fixed (Ndfa) in each cultivar was enhanced by P application, with T-77 generally giving the lowest response, and accumulating the highest Ndfa. The data suggest a higher P requirement for N2 fixation (especially for T-77) than for growth. All plants increased their P uptake as P rates increased, with T-77 accumulating the highest amount of P at each P level. Differences in the physiological P use efficiency, PPUE (g shoot mg-1 P) among genotypes were generally not significant, neither were there any consistent trends as P rates changed. The ability to absorb P therefore appeared to be more important than PPUE in enhancing growth. We conclude from our data that it is possible by selection to obtain plants capable of good growth and high N2 fixation in soils of low P; cultivar T-77 is a good example. 相似文献
18.
Matsubara K Ando T Mizubayashi T Ito S Yano M 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(2):179-186
One outcome of hybrid breakdown is poor growth, which we observed as a reduction in the number of panicles per plant and in
culm length in an F2 population derived from a cross between the genetically divergent rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars ‘Sasanishiki’ (japonica) and ‘Habataki’ (indica). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the two traits and two-way ANOVA of the detected QTLs suggested that the poor
growth was due mainly to an epistatic interaction between genes at QTLs located on chromosomes 2 and 11. The poor growth was
likely to result when a plant was homozygous for the ‘Habataki’ allele at the QTL on chromosome 2 and homozygous for the ‘Sasanishiki’
allele at the QTL on chromosome 11. The results suggest that the poor growth found in the F2 population was due to hybrid breakdown of a set of complementary genes. To test this hypothesis and determine the precise
chromosomal location of the genes causing the hybrid breakdown, we performed genetic analyses using a chromosome segment substitution
line, in which a part of chromosome 2 from ‘Habataki’ was substituted into the genetic background of ‘Sasanishiki’. The segregation
patterns of poor growth in plants suggested that both of the genes underlying the hybrid breakdown were recessive. The gene
on chromosome 2, designated hybrid breakdown 2 (hbd2), was mapped between simple sequence repeat markers RM3515 and RM3730. The gene on chromosome 11, hbd3, was mapped between RM5824 and RM1341.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
19.
This study analyzed genetic differences of 19 cultivars selected from somaclonal variants of Syngonium podophyllum Schott along with their parents as well as seven additional Syngonium species and six other aroids using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers generated by 12 primer sets. Among the 19 somaclonal cultivars, ‘Pink Allusion’ was selected from ‘White Butterfly’. Tissue culture of ‘Pink Allusion’ through organogenesis resulted in the development of 13 additional cultivars. Self-pollination of ‘Pink Allusion’ obtained a cultivar, ‘Regina Red Allusion’, and tissue culture propagation of ‘Regina Red Allusion’ led to the release of five other cultivars. The 12 primer sets generated a total of 1,583 scorable fragments from all accessions, of which 1,284 were polymorphic (81.9%). The percentages of polymorphic fragments within ‘White Butterfly’ and ‘Regina Red Allusion’ groups, however, were only 1.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Jaccard's similarity coefficients among somaclonal cultivars derived from ‘White Butterfly’ and ‘Regina Red Allusion’, on average, were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. Seven out of the 15 cultivars from the ‘White Butterfly’ group and three out of six from the ‘Regina Red Allusion’ group were clearly distinguished by AFLP analysis as unique fragments were associated with respective cultivars. The unsuccessful attempt to distinguish the remaining eight cultivars from the ‘White Butterfly’ group and three from the ‘Regina Red Allusion’ group was not attributed to experimental errors or the number of primer sets used; rather it is hypothesized to be caused by DNA methylation and/or some rare mutations. This study also calls for increased genetic diversity of cultivated Syngonium as they are largely derived from somaclonal variants. 相似文献
20.
Ewa Hanus-Fajerska Maria Lech Anna Pindel Kazimierz Miczyński 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2000,22(3):317-324
Protocols elaborated with the objective of achieving valuable material for selection procedure of variants with virusresistance
traits in tomato genotypes are presented. Preliminary results are demonstrated in the domain of testing for variability in
somaclones obtained through indirect adventitous organogenesis initiated on leaf explants of cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Somaclones were grown in greenhouse conditions and variation of their symptoms upon infection with tomato mosaic
(ToMV) or cucumber mosaic (CMV) respectively was observed. Tests for resistance to the local isolates of the above cited viruses
were performed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and back inoculation onto diagnostic plants. Screening data are presented.
Desirable variants were selected from cultivars ‘Moneymaker’, ‘Potentat’ and ‘Rutgers’. Some of the ‘Moneymaker’ somaclones
exhibited increased tolerance to cucumber mosaic virus, a few seemed to be even fully resistant though most were susceptible
as donor plants. The most favourable somaclonal lines are actually further tested and monitored for changes in horticultural
characteristics. The described procedure of searching for resistance trait in specific pathogen-free (SPF) plants regenerated
from infected tissue looks promising and thus can serve as aid in attaining appropriate objectives of breeding programme.
Additionaly experiments were initiated to obtain somaclones from cultivars ‘Beta’, ‘Krakus’ and Stevens Rodade hybrid via
regeneration of isolated protoplasts. To this end the callus stage was obtained from all donors. 相似文献