共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Summary The afferent pathways to the nucleus basalis prosencephali of the pigeon were studied by use of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. It was confirmed that this nucleus receives a direct pathway from the nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigemini and that, as in the starling, it receives a direct input from the nucleus lemnisci lateralis, pars ventralis, an auditory relay. Totally novel is the finding that the nucleus basalis prosencephali is the target of a direct pathway originating in the medullary nucleus vestibularis superior. All three pathways bypass the thalamus. From within the telencephalon the nucleus basalis prosencephali also receives fibres from the tuberculum olfactorium and the peri-ectostriatal belt, suggestive of olfactory and visual input. Marked cell bodies were also found in the neostriatum frontolaterale. It is assumed that these arose from HRP uptake by axons of the tractus fronto-archistriatalis that course through the nucleus basalis prosencephali to the anterodorsal archistriatum. Marked fibres and bouton-like formations were observed in the latter structure. The afferents to the nucleus basalis prosencephali are discussed in conjunction with the probable role of the nucleus as a sensorimotor coordinator of the pecking/feeding behaviour of the pigeon. 相似文献
2.
Triepel J. Mader J. Weindl A. Heinrich D. Forssmann W. G. Metz J. 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1984,81(6):509-516
Summary The occurrence and distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive (NT-IR) perikarya was studied in the central nervous system of the guinea pig using a newly raised antibody (KN 1). Numerous NT-IR perikarya were found in the nuclei amygdaloidei, nuclei septi interventriculare, hypothalamus, nucleus parafascicularis thalami, substantia grisea centralis mesencephali, ventral medulla oblongata, nucleus solitarius and spinal cord. The distribution of NT-IR perikarya was similar to that previously described in the rat and monkey. In the gyrus cinguli, hippocampus and nucleus olfactorius, though, no NT-IR neurons were detected in this investigation. Additional immunoreactive perikarya, however, were observed in areas of the ventral medulla oblongata, namely in the nucleus paragigantocellularis, nucleus retrofacialis and nucleus raphe obscurus.The relevance of the NT-IR perikarya within the ventral medulla oblongata is discussed with respect to other neuropeptides, which are found in this area, and to cardiovascular regulation.Abbreviations abl
nucleus amygdaloideus basalis lateralis
- abm
nucleus amygdaloideus basalis medialis
- acc
nucleus amygdaloideus centralis
- aco
nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis
- ahp
area posterior hypothalami
- ala
nucleus amygdaloideus lateralis anterior
- alp
nucleus amygdaloideus lateralis posterior
- ame
nucleus amygdaloideus medialis
- atv
area tegmentalis ventralis
- bst
nucleus proprius striae terminalis
- CA
commissura anterior
- CC
corpus callosum
- cgld
corpus geniculatum laterale dorsale
- cglv
corpus geniculatum laterale ventrale
- cgm
corpus geniculatum mediale
- CHO
chiasma opticum
- CI
capsula interna
- co
nucleus commissuralis
- cod
nucleus cochlearis dorsalis
- cp
nucleus caudatus/Putamen
- cs
colliculus superior
- cu
nucleus cuneatus
- dmh
nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami
- DP
decussatio pyramidum
- em
eminentia mediana
- ent
cortex entorhinalis
- epi
epiphysis
- FLM
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
- fm
nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami pars filiformis
- FX
fornix
- gd
gyrus dentatus
- gp
globus pallidus
- gr
nucleus gracilis
- hl
nucleus habenulae lateralis
- hm
nucleus habenulae medialis
- hpe
hippocampus
- ift
nucleus infratrigeminalis
- io
oliva inferior
- ip
nucleus interpeduncularis
- LM
lemniscus medialis
- MT
tractus mamillo-thalamicus
- na
nucleus arcuatus
- nls
nucleus lateralis septi
- nms
nucleus medialis septi
- npca
nucleus proprius commissurae anterioris
- ns
nucleus solitarius
- n III
nucleus nervi oculomotorii
- nt V
nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- ntm
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- osc
organum subcommissurale
- P
tractus cortico-spinalis
- PC
pedunculus cerebri
- PCI
pedunculus cerebellaris inferior
- pir
cortex piriformis
- pol
area praeoptica lateralis
- pom
area praeoptica medialis
- prt
area praetectalis
- pt
nucleus parataenialis
- pvh
nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami
- pvt
nucleus paraventricularis thalami
- r
nucleus ruber
- re
nucleus reuniens
- rgi
nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis
- rl
nucleus reticularis lateralis
- rm
nucleus raphe magnus
- ro
nucleus raphe obscurus
- rp
nucleus raphe pallidus
- rpc
nucleus reticularis parvocellularis
- rpgc
nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis
- sch
nucleus suprachiasmaticus
- SM
stria medullaris thalami
- snc
substantia nigra compacta
- snl
substantia nigra lateralis
- snr
substantia nigra reticularis
- ST
stria terminalis
- tad
nucleus anterior dorsalis thalami
- tam
nucleus anterior medialis thalami
- tav
nucleus anterior ventralis thalami
- tbl
nucleus tuberolateralis
- tc
nucleus centralis thalami
- tl
nucleus lateralis thalami
- tmd
nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami
- TO
tractus opticus
- TOL
tractus olfactorium lateralis
- tpo
nucleus posterior thalami
- tr
nucleus reticularis thalami
- trs
nucleus triangularis septi
- TS
tractus solitarius
- TS V
tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- tvl
nucleus ventrolateralis thalami
- vmh
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
- vh
ventral horn, Columna anterior
- zi
zona incerta
Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG) SFB 90, Carvas 相似文献
3.
Summary Injection of tritiated leucine and proline into the nucleus ovoidalis of the Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) produces terminal labeling in the palaeostriatum and in three adjacent zones (field L1–L3) of the auditory neostriatum (AN). L2, situated between L1 and L3, receives the main input and corresponds to the former field L of Rose. These neuroanatomically defined zones of the auditory neostriatum are also characterized by differing properties of their neurons. Injection of radioactive material into the auditory neostriatum produces labeling of (i) a palaeostriatal, (ii) a ventral hyperstriatal, and (iii) an additional neostriatal area (Nd). Injection into the hyperstriatum ventrale reveals connections (i) to field L2, (ii) to the palaeostriatum, (iii) to Nd, and (iv) to the archistriatum. After injection into the palaeostriatum, labeling can be observed (i) in the neostriatum dorsale, (ii) in the hyperstriatum ventrale, (iii) in the archistriatum, (iv) in the diencephalic nuclei, nucleus ansae lenticularis and nucleus spiriformis lateralis, and (v) in the mesencephalic nuclei, nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus and nucleus intercollicularis. These results show that a widespread connectivity exists among primary and presumably higher order auditory areas in the forebrain of birds. Connections also exist between these auditory areas and presumed vocal-motor areas (neostriatum dorsale, archistriatum, nucleus intercollicularis).Abbreviations A
Archistriatum
- AL
Ansa lenticularis
- AN
Auditory neostriatum
- Bas
Nucleus basalis
- CA
Commissura anterior
- Cb
Cerebellum
- CP
Commissura posterior
- DLP
Nucleus dorsolateralis posterior thalami
- DTh
Dorsal thalamus
- E
Ectostriatum
- EM
Nucleus ectomamillaris
- FA
Tractus fronto-archistriatalis
- FPL
Fasciculus prosencephali lateralis
- GLv
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars ventralis
- HA
Hyperstriatum accessorium
- HD
Hyperstriatum dorsale
- HIS
Hyperstriatum intercalatum superius
- HV
Hyperstriatum ventrale
- HVc
Hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale
- I
Injection site
- ICo
Nucleus intercollicularis
- ICT
Nucleus intercalatus thalami
- Imc
Nucleus isthmi, pars magnocellularis
- Ipc
Nucleus isthmi, pars parvocellularis
- l1, L2, L3
Auditory neostriatum: zones L1, L2, L3
- LAD
Lamina archistriatalis dorsalis
- LH
Lamina hyperstriatica
- LMD
Lamina medullaris dorsalis
- LPO
Lobus parolfactorius
- M
Mesencephalon
- MLd
Nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis
- N
Neostriatum
- nAL
Nucleus ansae lenticularis
- Nc
Neostriatum caudale
- Nd
Neostriatum dorsale
- OM
Tractus occipito-mesencephalicus
- OMv
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars ventralis
- Ov
Nucleus ovoidalis
- PA
Palaeostriatum augmentatum
- PP
Palaeostriatum primitivum
- PT
Nucleus praetectalis
- PVM
Nucleus periventricularis magno-cellularis
- RSd
Nucleus reticularis superior, pars dorsalis
- RSv
Nucleus reticularis superior, pars ventralis
- Rt
Nucleus rotundus
- SMe
Stria medullaris
- SpL
Nucleus spiriformis lateralis
- SpM
Nucleus spiriformis medialis
- SRt
Nucleus subrotundus
- TeO
Tectum opticum
- TOv
Tractus ovoidalis
- TPc
Nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus
- TrO
Tractus opticus
- TSM
Tractus septo-mesencephalicus
- Ve
Ventricle
The authors are indebted to Mrs. I. Röder and Mrs. M. Hansel for their aid in the preparation of the histological material and the illustrationsThis work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Sche 132/4 相似文献
4.
N. Aste C. Viglietti-Panzica A. Fasolo C. Andreone H. Vaudry G. Pelletier G. C. Panzica 《Cell and tissue research》1991,265(2):219-230
Summary In the present study, we have demonstrated, by means of the biotin-avidin method, the widespread distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive structures throughout the whole brain of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The prosencephalic region contained the highest concentration of both NPY-containing fibres and perikarya. Immunoreactive fibres were observed throughout, particularly within the paraolfactory lobe, the lateral septum, the nucleus taeniae, the preoptic area, the periventricular hypothalamic regions, the tuberal complex, and the ventrolateral thalamus. NPY-immunoreactive cells were represented by: a) small scattered perikarya in the telencephalic portion (i.e. archistriatal, neostriatal and hyperstriatal regions, hippocampus, piriform cortex); b) medium-sized cell bodies located around the nucleus rotundus, ventrolateral, and lateral anterior thalamic nuclei; c) small clustered cells within the periventricular and medial preoptic nuclei. The brainstem showed a less diffuse innervation, although a dense network of immunopositive fibres was observed within the optic tectum, the periaqueductal region, and the Edinger-Westphal, linearis caudalis and raphes nuclei. Two populations of large NPY-containing perikarya were detected: one located in the isthmic region, the other at the boundaries of the pons with the medulla. The wide distribution of NPY-immunoreactive structures within regions that have been demonstrated to play a role in the control of vegetative, endocrine and sensory activities suggests that, in birds, this neuropeptide is involved in the regulation of several aspects of cerebral functions.Abbreviations
AA
archistriatum anterius
-
AC
nucleus accumbens
-
AM
nucleus anterior medialis
-
APP
avian pancreatic polypeptide
-
CNS
centrai nervous system
-
CO
chiasma opticum
-
CP
commissura posterior
-
CPi
cortex piriformis
-
DIC
differential interferential contrast
-
DLAl
nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami, pars lateralis
-
DLAm
nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami, pars medialis
-
E
ectostriatum
-
EW
nucleus of Edinger-Westphal
-
FLM
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
-
GCt
substantia grisea centralis
-
GLv
nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars ventralis
-
HA
hyperstriatum accessorium
-
Hp
hippocampus
-
HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
-
HV
hyperstriatum ventrale
-
IF
nucleus infundibularis
-
IO
nucleus isthmo-opticus
-
IP
nucleus interpeduncularis
-
IR
immunoreactive
-
LA
nucleus lateralis anterior thalami
-
LC
nucleus linearis caudalis
-
LFS
lamina frontalis superior
-
LH
lamina hyperstriatica
-
LHRH
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
-
LoC
locus coeruleus
-
LPO
lobus paraolfactorius
-
ME
eminentia mediana
-
N
neostriatum
-
NC
neostriatum caudale
-
NPY
neuropeptide Y
-
NIII
nervus oculomotorius
-
NV
nervus trigeminus
-
NVI
nervus facialis
-
NVIIIc
nervus octavus, pars cochlearis
-
nIV
nucleus nervi oculomotorii
-
nIX
nucleus nervi glossopharyngei
-
nBOR
nucleus opticus basalis (ectomamilaris)
-
nCPa
nucleus commissurae pallii
-
nST
nucleus striae terminalis
-
OM
tractus occipitomesencephalicus
-
OS
nucleus olivaris superior
-
PA
palaeostriatum augmentatum
-
PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
-
POA
nucleus praeopticus anterior
-
POM
nucleus praeopticus medialis
-
POP
nucleus praeopticus periventricularis
-
PP
pancreatic polypeptide
-
PYY
polypeptide YY
-
PVN
nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis
-
PVO
organum paraventriculare
-
R
nucleus raphes
-
ROT
nucleus rotundus
-
RP
nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis
-
Rpc
nucleus reticularis parvocellularis
-
RPgc
nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, pars gigantocellularis
-
RPO
nucleus reticularis pontis oralis
-
SCd
nucleus subcoeruleus dorsalis
-
SCv
nucleus subcoeruleus ventralis
-
SCNm
nucleus suprachiasmaticus, pars medialis
-
SCNl
nucleus suprachiasmaticus, pars lateralis
-
SL
nucleus septalis lateralis
-
SM
nucleus septalis medialis
-
Ta
nucleus tangentialis
-
TeO
tectum opticum
-
Tn
nucleus taeniae
-
TPc
nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus, pars compacta
-
TSM
tractus septo-mesencephalicus
-
TV
nueleus tegmenti ventralis
-
VeL
nucleus vestibularis lateralis
-
VLT
nucleus ventrolateralis thalami
-
VMN
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
A preliminary report of this study was presented at the 15th Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists, Leuven, Belgium, September 1990 相似文献
5.
Summary Nerve fibers and perikarya containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-like) immunoreactivity were investigated in the brain of the three-week-old chick, Gallus domesticus using the technique of immunocytochemistry. Six major groups of perikarya were found to include the olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle/lobus parolfactorius, nucleus accumbens, septal preoptic hypothalamic region (three sub-nuclei), lateral anterior thalamic nucleus and in and about the oculomotor complex. The immunostaining was unusual in the latter group, suggesting that the neurons may contain a GnRH-II like material. Immunoreactive fibers for GnRH were found throughout the entire brain extending from the olfactory bulbs to the caudal brainstem. Two anatomical areas, not emphasized in the past literature, which had distinct GnRH-like immunoreactivity, included the lateral anterior thalamic nucleus and the preoptic recess. The former included a group of GnRH perikarya that is also known to be a retino-recipient area while the latter contained neuronal terminals some of which appeared to be contacting the cerebrospinal fluid of the preoptic recess. An attempt was made to list all anatomical structures that contained or were juxta-positioned to sites that displayed immunoreactive perikarya and fibers including circumventricular organs.Abbreviations used in figure legends Ac
Nucleus accumbens
- Ap
Archistriatum posterior
- APH
Area parahippocampalis
- AVT
Area ventralis (Tsai)
- BO
Bulbus olfactorius
- CA
Commissura anterior (rostralis)
- CDL
Area corticoidea dorsolateralis
- CO
Chiasma opticum
- CP
Commissura posterior
- CPi
Cortex piriformis
- CPP
Cortex praepiriformis
- CT
Commissura tectalis
- CTz
Corpus trapezoideum
- EW
Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal
- FV
Funiculus ventralis
- GCt
Substantia grisea centralis
- GLv
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars ventralis
- HD
Hyperstriatum dorsale
- HM
Nucleus habenularis medialis
- Hp
Hippocampus
- ICo
Nucleus intercollicularis
- IH
Nucleus inferior hypothalami
- IN
Nucleus infundibuli hypothalami
- IP
Nucleus interpeduncularis
- LA
Nucleus lateralis anterior (rostralis) thalami
- LHy
Regio lateralis hypothalami
- LPO
Lobus parolfactorius
- LSO
Organum septi lateralis (lateral septal organ)
- LT
Lamina terminalis
- ME
Eminentia mediana
- INT. Z
Internal zone
- EXT. Z
External zone
- ML
Nucleus mamillaris lateralis
- MM
Nucleus mamillaris medialis
- nBOR
Nucleus opticus basalis (n. of basal optic root)
- nCPa
Nucleus commissurae pallii
- N III
Nervus oculomotorius
- N V
Nervus trigeminus
- n V M
Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- OA
Nucleus olfactorius anterior (rostralis)
- OMdl
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars dorsomedialis
- OMv
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars ventralis
- OVLT
Organum vasculosum laminae terminalis
- P
Glandula pinealis
- PA
Palaeostriatum augmentatum (caudate putamen)
- PHN
Nucleus periventricularis hypothalami
- POM
Nucleus praeopticus medialis
- POMn
Nucleus praeopticus medianus
- POP
Nucleus praeopticus periventricularis
- PP
Palaeostriatum primitivum
- PT
Nucleus praetectalis
- PVN
Nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis
- RPaM
Nucleus reticularis paramedianus
- RPR
Recessus praeopticus
- b, RPR
Basal region, RPR
- F, RPR
Floor, RPR
- R, RPR
Roof, RPR
- S
Nucleus tractus solitarii
- SCO
Organum subcommissurale
- SGP
Stratum griseum periventriculare
- SHL
Nucleus subhabenularis lateralis
- SL
Nucleus septalis lateralis
- SM
Nucleus septalis medialis
- SO
Stratum opticum
- SSO
Organum subseptale
- TO
Tuberculum olfactorium
- TIO
Tractus isthmo-opticus
- TPc
Nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus, pars compacta (substantia nigra)
- TrO
Tractus opticus
- TSM
Tractus septomesencephalicus
- VeD
Nucleus vestibularis descendens
- VeM
Nucleus vestibularis medialis
- VL
Ventriculus lateralis
- VLT
Nucleus ventrolateralis thalami
- VO
Ventriculus olfactorius
- V III
Ventriculus tertius (third ventricle) 相似文献
6.
Heidi Faber Katharina Braun Werner Zuschratter Henning Scheich 《Cell and tissue research》1989,256(2):247-257
Summary The brain of young domestic chicks was investigated using a Timm sulfide silver method. Serial Vibratome sections were analyzed under the light microscope, and the localization of zinc-positive structures in selected areas was determined at the ultrastructural level. Both strong and differential staining was visible in the avian telencephalon whereas most subtelencephalic structures showed a pale reaction. The highest staining intensity was found in the nonprimary sensory regions of the telencephalon such as the hyperstriatum dorsale, hyperstriatum ventrale, hippocampus, palaeostriatum augmentatum, lobus parolfactorius and caudal parts of neostriatum. There was an overall gradient of staining intensity in neostriatal areas from rostral to caudal with the heaviest zinc deposits in the caudal neostriatum. Primary sensory projection areas, such as the ectostriatum (visual), hyperstriatum intercalatum superius (visual), nucleus basalis (beak representation), the input layer L2 of the auditory field L and the somatosensory area rostral to field L were selectively left unstained. Fiber tracts throughout the brain were free of zinc deposits except for glial cells. In electron micrographs of stained regions, silver grains were localized in some presynaptic boutons of asymmetric synapses (Gray type I), within the cytoplasm of neuronal somata and sporadically in the nucleus. The possible involvement of zinc in synaptic transmission and other processes is discussed.Abbreviations for Anatomical Structures used in the Text and Figures
Ac
Nucleus accumbens
-
Ad
Archistriatum dorsale
-
Ai
Archistriatum intermedium
-
Am
Archistriatum mediale
-
Ap
Archistriatum posterior
-
APH
Area parahippocampalis
-
BAS
Nucleus basalis
-
BO
Bulbus olfactorius
-
Cb
Cerebellum;
-
CbI
Nucleus cerebellaris internus
-
CbM
Nucleus cerebellaris intermedius
-
CDL
Area corticoidea dorsolateralis
-
CPi
Cortex piriformis
-
CT
Commissura tectalis
-
DMP
Nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami
-
E
Ectostriatum
-
H
Hyperstriatum
-
HA
Hyperstriatum accessorium
-
HD
Hyperstriatum dorsale
-
HIS
Hyperstriatum intercalatum superius
-
Hp
Hippocampus
-
HV
Hyperstriatum ventrale
-
ICo
Nucleus intercollicularis
-
Ipc
Nucleus isthmi, pars parvocellularis
-
L
Lingula
-
L
1, 2, 3
Field L
-
La
Nucleus laminaris
-
LFM
Lamina frontalis suprema
-
LFS
Lamina frontalis superior
-
LH
Lamina hyperstriatica
-
LMD
Lamina medullaris dorsalis
-
LNH
Rostrolateral neostriatum/Hyperstriatum ventrale
-
LPO
Lobus parolfactorius
-
M
Medulla
-
MLd
Nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis
-
MNH
Rostromedial neostriatum/Hyperstriatum ventrale
-
N
Neostriatum
-
NC
Neostriatum caudale
-
NEB
Nucleus of ectostriatal belt
-
NHA
Nucleus of HA
-
PA
Palaeostriatum augmentatum
-
Pap
Nucleus papillioformis
-
PL
Nucleus pontis lateralis
-
PP
Palaeostriatum primitivum
-
RP
Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis
-
Rt
Nucleus rotundus
-
S
Nucleus septalis
-
SS
Somatosensory area
-
TeO
Tectum opticum
-
Tn
Nucleus taeniae
-
TPO
Area temporoparieto-occipitalis
-
V
Ventricle
-
Va
Vallecula 相似文献
7.
Seven dogs were subjected 30 min to ligation of the thoracic aorta and were then kept alive 6-7 days after the ligature had been removed. Their spinal cord and brain stem were treated by the Nauta-Gygax method and the extent and appearance of preterminal and terminal degeneration of certain ascending spinal systems were analysed. In the medulla oblongata region, marked degenerating fibres from the lower thoracic and lumbosacral cord segments were found in the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini. Preterminal and terminal degenerating fibres were visualized in the caudal part of the trigeminal nuclear complex. Comparison with the literature showed these to be previously unknown projections with a relationship to the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini. 相似文献
8.
用生物素示踪法和P物质 (SP)免疫组化技术研究表明 :黄喉的高级发声中枢 (HVc)接受端脑听区 (L)、新纹状体中部界面核、新纹状体巨细胞核 (MAN)、丘脑葡萄形核、桥脑蓝斑核的传入 ,并有神经纤维投射到古纹状体栎核 (RA)和嗅叶X区 (X) ;HVc壳投射到RA壳并接受L的传入。听觉控制与学习通路与发声中枢之间有许多神经联系 ,提示黄喉发声学习依赖于听觉反馈。在HVc、RA和MAN有SP阳性细胞体 ,在X、中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部、丘脑卵圆核壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核有SP阳性纤维和终末。SP广泛分布于发声 -听觉中枢 ,可能参与了它们的活动 相似文献
9.
用生物素示踪法和P物质(SP)免疫组化技术研究表明:黄喉(巫鸟)的高级发声中枢(HVc)接受端脑听区(L)、新纹状体中部界面核、新纹状体巨细胞核(MAN)、丘脑葡萄形核、桥脑蓝斑核的传入,并有神经纤维投射到古纹状体栎核(RA)和嗅叶X区(X);HVc壳投射到RA壳并接受L的传入.听觉控制与学习通路与发声中枢之间有许多神经联系,提示黄喉(巫鸟)发声学习依赖于听觉反馈.在HVc、RA和MAN有SP阳性细胞体,在X、中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部、丘脑卵圆核壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核有SP阳性纤维和终末.SP广泛分布于发声-听觉中枢,可能参与了它们的活动. 相似文献
10.
Antisera to N-acetylserotonin (NAS) were raised in rabbits by coupling NAS to bovine serum albumin (BSA) through a p-carboxybenzyl (PCB) bridge at the indole N. The specificity and applicability of these antisera in immunohistochemistry is reported. The anti-NAS antiserum and a fluorescein-labeled immunoglobulin were employed to investigate the topographic distribution of immunoreactive NAS (INAS) in the hindbrain (mesencephalon, cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata). Positive identification of INAS was confirmed in the granular layer of the cerebellum, the tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and the reticular formation. INAS was also identified in Purkinje cells, cerebellar nuclei, nucleus principalis nervi trigemini, nucleus tractus mesencephali, cochlear and vestibular nuclei, the locus coeruleus, and other brain stem regions. The pattern of INAS distribution is independent of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), although certain loci could contain both INAS and serotonin or INAS and norepinephrine. 相似文献
11.
Jochen Triepel Prof. Dr. med. Jürgen Metz Duncan Munroe Stephanie London Stephen Sweriduk Wolf Georg Forssmann 《Cell and tissue research》1987,249(1):145-150
Summary The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive (VIP-IR) neurons in the lower medulla oblongata and the spinal cord has been analyzed in guinea pigs. This study includes results obtained by colchicine treatment and transection experiments. In the spinal cord, numerous VIP-IR varicosities were observed in the substantia gelatinosa of the columna dorsalis; some were also found in the substantia intermedia and the columna anterior. The spinal VIP-IR nerve fibers were mainly of intraspinal origin and oriented segmentally. VIP-IR nuclei in the spinal cord extended dorsally into corresponding regions of the caudal medulla oblongata, namely from the substantia intermedia medialis and lateralis into the vagus-solitarius complex and from the nucleus spinalis lateralis into the area of the nucleus reticularis lateralis. Additional VIP-IR perikarya were observed in the pars caudalis of the nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini. The VIP-IR nuclei within the caudal medulla oblongata probably form a continuous system with those localized within the spinal cord. They may be involved functionally in the modulation of cardiovascular and respiratory regulation in the guinea pig.Supported by the DFG, Carvas SFB 90 相似文献
12.
Summary Mapping of monoaminergic systems in the brain of the newt Triturus alpestris was achieved with antisera against (1) thyrosine hydroxylase (TH), (2) formaldehyde-conjugated dopamine (DA), and (3) formaldehyde-conjugated serotonin (5-HT). In the telencephalon, the striatum was densely innervated by a large number of 5-HT-, DA-and TH-immunoreactive (IR) fibers; IR fibers were more scattered in the amygdala, the medial and lateral forebrain bundles, and the anterior commissure. In the anterior and medial diencephalon, TH-IR perikarya contacting the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-C perikarya) were located in the preoptic recess organ (PRO), the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Numerous TH-IR perikarya, not contacting the CSF, were present in the posterior preoptic nucleus and the ventral thalamus. At this level, DA-IR CSF-C neurons were only located in the PRO. In the posterior diencephalon, large populations of 5-HT-IR and DA-IR CSF-C perikarya were found in the paraventricular organ (PVO) and the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (NID); the dorsal part of the NID additionally presented TH-IR CSF-C perikarya. Most regions of the diencephalon showed an intense monoaminergic innervation. In addition, numerous TH-IR, DA-IR and 5-HT-IR fibers, orginating from the anterior and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, extended ventrally and reached the median eminence and the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. In the midbrain, TH-IR perikarya were located dorsally in the pretectal area. Ventrally, a large group of TH-IR cell bodies and some weakly stained DA-IR and 5-HT-IR neurons were observed in the posterior tuberculum. No dopaminergic system equivalent to the substantia nigra was revealed. The possible significance of the differences in the distribution of TH-IR and DA-IR neurons is discussed, with special reference to the CSF-C neurons.Abbreviations
AM
amygdala
-
CAnt
commissura anterior
-
CH
commissura hippocampi
-
CP
commissura posterior
-
Ctm
commissura tecti mesencephali
-
DH
dorsal hypothalamus
-
DTh
dorsal thalamus
-
FLM
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
-
Fsol
fasciculus solitarius
-
H
habenula
-
LFB
lateral forebrain bundle
-
ME
median eminence
-
MFB
medial forebrain bundle
-
NID
nucleus infundibularis dorsalis
-
nIP
neuropil of nucleus interpeduncularis
-
NPOP
nucleus preopticus posterior
-
NS
nucleus septi
-
OVLT
organum vasculosum laminae terminalis
-
PD
pars distalis
-
Pdo
dorsal pallium
-
PHi
primordium hippocampi
-
PI
pars intermedia
-
Pl
lateral pallium
-
PN
pars nervosa
-
PRO
preoptic recess organ
-
Ptec
pretectal area
-
PVO
paraventricular organ
-
Ra
nucleus raphe
-
Rm
nucleus reticularis medius
-
SCO
subcommisural organ
-
ST
striatum; strm stria medullaris thalami
-
strt
stria terminalis thalami
-
TM
tegmentum mesencephali
-
TO
tectum opticum
-
TP
tuberculum posterius
-
trch
tractus cortico-habenularis
-
trmp
tractus mamillopeduncularis
-
VH
ventral hypothalamus
-
Vm
nucleus motorius nervi trigemini
-
VTh
ventral thalamus
-
II
optic nerve 相似文献
13.
Elisabeth Buchfellner Hans -Joachim Leppelsack Georg M. Klump Udo Häusler 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1989,164(4):531-538
Summary Gap-detection thresholds of single units were determined from auditory forebrain neurons of the awake starling. Nine different response types were statistically defined from the discharge pattern to a 400 ms broadband noise stimulus. The gap stimuli consisted of two broadband noise bursts which were separated by a gap ranging from 0.4 to 204.8 ms duration. The median minimumdetectable gap for 121 out of 145 units that had a significant threshold 204.8ms was 12.8 ms; 20% of the neurons showed thresholds between 0.4 and 3.2 ms. The neurons of the nine response types differed significantly in their minimum-detectable gaps; neurons with phasic-tonic and phasic excitation exhibited the best (i.e. shortest) minimum-detectable gaps. The neurons of the three different recording areas (field L, NCM and HV) were significantly different in their minimumdetectable gaps; field L neurons showed the best temporal resolution for gaps in broadband noise. Gap-detection thresholds are compared with psychophysical thresholds determined with the same stimuli and the relevance of forebrain units for temporal resolution is discussed.Abbreviations
CS
control stimulus
-
HV
hyperstriatum ventrale
-
HVc
hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudalis
-
NB
noise burst
-
NCM
neostriatum caudale pars medialis
-
NS
noise stimulus
-
SGS
standard gap series
-
TW
time window 相似文献
14.
Terry T. Takahashi Clifford H. Keller 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1992,170(2):161-169
Summary In the barn owl (Tyto alba), the posterior nucleus of the ventral lateral lemniscus (VLVp) is the first site of binaural convergence in the pathway that processes interaural level difference (ILD), an important sound-localization cue. The neurons of VLVp are sensitive to ILD because of an excitatory input from the contralateral ear and an inhibitory input from the ipsilateral ear. A previously described projection from the contralateral cochlear nucleus, can account for the excitation. The present study addresses the source of the inhibitory input.We demonstrate with standard axonal transport methods that the left and right VLVps are interconnected via fibers of the commissure of Probst. We further show that the anesthetization of one VLVp renders ineffective the inhibition that is normally evoked by stimulation of the ipsilateral ear. Thus, one cochlear nucleus (driven by the ipsilateral ear) appears to provide inhibition to the ipsilateral VLVp by exciting commissurally-projecting inhibitory neurons in the contralateral VLVp.Abbreviations
ABL
average binaural level
-
CP
commissure of Probst
-
DNLL
dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
-
IC
inferior colliculus
-
ILD
interaural level difference
-
IPc
nucleus isthmi, pars parvocellularis
-
ITD
interaural time difference
-
LSO
lateral superior olive
-
MNTB
medial nucleus of the trapezoid body
-
NA
nucleus angularis
-
SL
nucleus semilunaris
-
VLVa
nucleus ventralis lemnisci lateralis, pars anterior
-
VLVp
nucleus ventralis lemnisci lateralis, pars posterior 相似文献
15.
Somatostatin-immunoreactive fiber projections into the brain stem and the spinal cord of the rat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dr. Brigitte Krisch 《Cell and tissue research》1981,217(3):531-552
Summary By use of the PAP-immunohistochemical staining technique with serial sections, somatostatin-immunoreactive fiber projections into the brain stem and the spinal cord are described. These projections originate in the periventricular somatostatin-immunoreactive perikarya of the hypothalamus and form three main pathways: (1) along the stria medullaris thalami and the fasciculus retroflexus into the interpeduncular nucleus; (2) along the medial forebrain bundle into the mammillary body; and (3) via the periventricular gray and the bundle of Schütz into the midbrain tegmentum. Densely arranged immunoreactive fibers and/or basket-like fiber terminals are observed within the following afferent systems: somatic afferent systems (nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, substantia gelatinosa dorsalis of the entire spinal cord), and visceral afferent systems (nucleus solitarius, regio intermediolateralis and substantia gelatinosa of the sacral spinal cord). These projections form terminals around the perikarya of the second afferent neuron. Perikarya of the third afferent neuron are influenced by somatostatin-immunoreactive projections into the auditory system (nucleus dorsalis lemnisci lateralis, nucleus corporis trapezoidei). Furthermore, a somatostatin-immunoreactive fiber projection is found in the ventral part of the medial accessory olivary nucleus, in nuclei of the limbic system (nucleus habenularis medialis, nuclei supramamillaris and mamillaris lateralis) and in the formatio reticularis (nucleus Darkschewitsch, nuclei tegmenti lateralis and centralis, nucleus parabrachialis lateralis, as well as individual perikarya of the reticular formation). Targets of these projections are interneurons within interlocking neuronal chains.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant Nr. Kr 569/3) and Stiftung Volkswagenwerk 相似文献
16.
S. C. Müller H. Scheich 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1985,156(1):1-12
Summary The 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) autoradiographic method is used to analyse the functional organization of the auditory forebrain nucleus, field L, in parrots, ducks, pigeons, gulls and passerine birds. The data are compared to earlier studies in domestic and Guinea fowls. In all birds field L is a trilaminar structure, placed at the border between neostriatum mediale and caudale. The orientation and spatial extent within the forebrain, however, shows considerable variability. There is a close spatial relationship between field L and the overlying hyperstriatum ventrale, which is a secondary auditory center receiving input from field L. Stimulation with tones produces stripe like patterns of metabolic activity which are continuous across the layers of field L and the hyperstriatum ventrale. In all birds the position of the stripes in both areas shift in medio-lateral direction with decreasing tone frequency. In none of the birds the representation of frequencies above 3 kHz cover more than 20% of the neuronal space. Thus, high frequency hearing is underrepresented. Frequencies between 500 Hz and 3 kHz with somewhat variable representation, cover most of the neuronal space. Fowls and pigeons appear to have a low frequency specialization in field L.Abbreviations
2DG
2-deoxyglucose
-
FM
frequency modulated 相似文献
17.
Comparative immunocytochemical localization of putative opioid ligands in the central nervous system
Summary We report a detailed comparative immunocytochemical mapping of enkephalin, CCK and ACTH/gb-endorphin immunoreactive nerves in the central nervous system of rat and guinea pig. Enkephalin immunoreactivity was detected in many groups of nerve cell bodies, fibers and terminals in the limbic system, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem and spinal cord. -endorphin and ACTH immunoreactivity was limited to a single group of nerve cell bodies in and around the arcuate nucleus and in fibers and terminals in the midline areas of the hypothalamus, thalamus and mesencephalic periaqueductal gray with lateral extensions to the amygdaloid area. Cholecystokinin immunoreactive nerve fibers and terminals displayed a distribution similar to that of enkephalin in many regions; but striking differences were also found. An immunocytochemical doublestaining technique, which allowed simultaneous detection of two different peptides in the same tissue section, showed that enkephalin-, CCK- and ACTH/-endorphin-immunoreactive nerves although closely intermingled in many brain areas, occurred separately. The distributions of nerve terminals containing these neuropeptides showed striking overlaps and also paralleled the distribution of opiate receptors. This may suggest that enkephalin, CCK, ACTH and -endorphin may interact with each other and with opiate receptors.Index of Abbreviations CA
Commissura anterior
- CAI
Capsula interna
- CO
Chiasma opticum
- CPF
Cortex piriformis
- CSDD
Commissura supraoptica dorsalis, pars dorsalis (Ganser)
- CSDV
Commissura supraoptica dorsalis, pars ventralis (Meynert)
- FMP
Fasciculus medialis prosencephali
- FOR
Formatio reticularis
- GD
Gyrus dentatus
- GP
Glubus pallidus
- H
Habenula
- HI
Hippocampus
- S
Subiculum
- SGCD
Substantia grisea centralis, pars dorsalis
- SGCL
Substantia grisea centralis, pars lateralis
- SGPV
Substantia grisea periventricularis
- SNC
Substantia nigra, zona compacta
- SNL
Substantia nigra, pars lateralis
- ST
Stria terminalis
- STP
Stria terminalis, pars precommissuralis
- TD
Tractus diagonalis (Broca)
- TO
Tractus opticus
- TSHT
Tractus septohypothalamicus
- TUOP
Tuberculum olfactorium, pars corticalis
- SUM
Decussatio supramamillaris
- a
Nucleus accumbens
- ac
Nucleus amygdaloideus centralis
- aco
Nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis
- am
Nucleus amygdaloideus medialis
- ar
Nucleus arcuatus
- cp
Nucleus caudatus putamen
- dcgl
Nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis
- em
Eminentia mediana
- fm
Nucleus paraventricularis, pars magnocellularis
- fp
Nucleus paraventricularis, pars parvocellularis
- ha
Nucleus anterior (hypothalami)
- hd
Nucleus dorsomedialis (hypothalami)
- hl
Nucleus lateralis (hypothalami)
- hp
Nucleus posterior (hypothalami)
- hpv
Nucleus periventricularis (hypothalami)
- hv
Nucleus ventromedialis (hypothalami)
- ip
Nucleus interpeduncularis
- mcgm
Nucleus marginalis corporis geniculatic medialis
- mm
Nucleus mammillaris medialis
- ml
Nucleus mammillaris lateralis
- mh
Nucleus medialis habenulae
- p
Nucleus pretectalis
- pf
Nucleus parafascicularis
- pom
Nucleus preopticus medialis
- pop
Nucleus preopticus periventricularis
- posc
Nucleus preopticus, pars suprachiasmatica
- pt
Nucleus paratenialis
- pvs
Nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis
- re
Nucleus reuniens
- sc
Nucleus suprachiasmaticus
- sl
Nucleus septi lateralis
- so
Nucleus supraopticus
- st
Nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis
- tad
Nucleus anterior dorsalis thalami
- tam
Nucleus anterior medialis thalami
- tav
Nucleus anterior ventralis thalami
- td
Nucleus tractus diagonalis (Broca)
- th
Nuclei thalami
- tl
Nucleus lateralis thalami
- tlp
Nucleus lateralis thalami, pars posterior
- tm
Nucleus medialis thalami
- tml
Nucleus medialis thalami, pars lateralis
- tmm
Nucleus medialis thalami, pars medialis
- tpo
Nucleus posterior thalami
- tr
Nucleus reticularis thalami
- tv
Nucleus ventralis thalami
- tvd
Nucleus ventralis thalami, pars dorsomedialis
- tvm
Nucleus ventralis medialis thalami, pars magnocellularis 相似文献
18.
N Bons C Bouillé H Vaudry V Guillaume 《Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie》1985,300(2):49-52
With immunofluorescence techniques using one anti-rat or two different anti-ovine CRF, the localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) producing neurons was characterized in frozen sections of pigeon brain. Colchicine was administered intraventricularly at various day hours. The CRF neurons were localized in the telencephalon: lobus parolfactorius, nucleus (n.) accumbens, anterior commissure; in the diencephalon: n. dorso-medialis and lateralis thalami and in different structures of the hypothalamus: n. praeopticus periventricularis and medialis, paraventricularis, supraopticus medialis, lateralis, ectomamillaris and in the stratum cellulare externum. Concerning the hypothalamic localizations, results are discussed in the light of physiological studies on corticotropic regulations in pigeons. Additional populations of CRF neurons were also located in various brainstem areas substantia grisea centralis, locus caeruleus, n. tegmenti dorsalis, sensorius principalis nervi trigemini, vestibularis latetalis, solitarius, nervi hypoglossi, in the dorsal area of the n. pontis lateralis and in the n. paramedianus paragiganto--cellularis, raphes, nervi facialis, subcaeruleus and the area ventralis. These particular localizations may lead to the assumption that CRF might be involved in nervous regulations other than those related to the corticotropic function. 相似文献
19.
本实验应用顺行神经示踪物PHAL对鸣禽欧椋鸟(Sturnus vulgaris)带状核(Tn)的传出投射作了定位研究。Tn核的传出投射经背腹两条路线:(1)从Tn核背部进入端脑的PHAL标记纤维,分别终止在新纹状体内侧,隔内侧核(SM),侧室腔外侧带和额上层腹侧带;(2)另一组标记纤维从Tn核腹侧直接向丘脑投射,在下丘脑腹内侧核(VMN)和外侧核(LHy)分别获得大量PHAL免疫反应纤维的终末标记。结果提示:Tn核可能为鸟类旁听觉神经通路的一个组成部分。 相似文献
20.
R. Rübsamen G. J. Dörrscheidt 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1986,158(5):639-646
Summary The auditory area in the caudomedial forebrain of birds is explored by microelectrode recordings in a songbird. Multi-unit recordings reveal a clear tonotopic representation of stimulus frequency (Figs. 1, 2a, 3) with a mainly dorsoventral gradient (low frequencies dorsal). Frequency tuning is lost only in peripheral parts of the nucleus where wideband responses prevail. The functional structure is related to neuroanatomical landmarks of the forebrain by means of a 3-dimensional reconstruction from cell- and fibre-stained brain sections (Figs. 3, 4). For instance, a core region of high spontaneous and evoked activity (Figs. 5, 6b) is related to the input region (field L2) of the area. Additional single unit recordings support the multi-unit data (Fig. 6). The tonotopic organization found in the starling is compared with the organization of the caudomedial forebrain reported for other bird families.Abbreviations
cer
cerebellum
-
fpl
fasciculus prosencephali lateralis
-
lh
lamina hyperstriatica
-
lmd
lamina medullaris dorsalis
-
ven
ventricle
-
2DG
2-Deoxyglucose
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 114 相似文献