油菜矮秆突变WRKY转录因子cDNA克隆及表达分析

以甘蓝型油菜为材料,利用已建立的抑制性消减文库(SSH),采用RACE技术克隆到1个植物WRKY转录因子相关基因,命名为BnD11,其cDNA全长1034 bp,含有810 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码269个氨基酸。该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥WRKY40氨基酸序列相似性为79%,与拟南芥中编码WRKY-DNA结合蛋白40基因的氨基酸序列相似性达78%,与其它多种植物的WRKY转录因子的氨基酸序列也有较高的相似性。半定量RT-PCR对BnD11进行组织特异性表达分析显示:在正常生长条件下,BnD11在野生型和矮秆油菜的各个组织中均有表达,但在矮秆突变的根、茎、茎尖的相对表达量明显高于野生型。研究表明,BnD11功能区段具有很高的保守性,可能参与了油菜的茎秆发育。     

茶树花粉特异蛋白基因CsPSP1的分离及序列分析

利用cDNA-AFLP技术比较了茶树[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Wulong]花蕾发育早期和晚期的基因表达,结果表明存在明显差异。以E12和M20为引物对在晚期发育花蕾中筛选出一条281 bp特异表达的差异条带TDF53(transcipt-derived-fragment,TDF)。RT-PCR分析表明该片段只在晚期发育花蕾中特异表达。用RACE方法延伸其末端序列,克隆并测序获得全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:DQ887753)。该基因全长2079 bp,开放阅读框1701 bp,编码567个氨基酸,其分子量为63 kDa。序列和结构的同源性分析表明:该基因编码的氨基酸序列与烟草、油菜的花粉特异蛋白等同源性较高,由此推定,该基因为编码茶树花粉特异蛋白的基因,并将分离到的花粉特异蛋白基因命名为CsPSP1。     

悦目金蛛丝腺SMART RACE cDNA文库的构建与鉴定

运用SMART 技术构建了悦目金蛛丝腺SMART RACE cDNA文库.经检测,文库所含全长cDNA的长度主要集中在500 bp～2000 bp 之间;把双链cDNA通过T/A克隆、随机挑选阳性克隆并测序后,得到1条752 bp的全长cDNA序列.以该文库为模板,用依据这条全长cDNA序列设计的基因特异性引物与接头引物进行RACE, 3'RACE 和5'RACE的产物拼接后的全长序列与上述全长cDNA序列一致.结果表明,该文库适于用RACE方法从中分离在悦目金蛛丝腺中表达基因的全长cDNA.本文还对SMART 技术的特点和局限性进行了讨论.     

三叶木通花粉前纤维蛋白基因的克隆与表达

以三叶木通花蕾为材料,采用RT-PCR、3-′RACE方法克隆了三叶木通花粉前纤维蛋白基因,命名为Atf-Pro(GenBank登录号GQ478584)。结果表明:AtfPro的cDNA全长735 bp、阅读框393 bp、编码131个氨基酸,有1个342 bp的3′端非翻译区。预测分子量约为14.081 kD,等电点4.74。氨基酸和核苷酸序列的同源性分析发现,AtfPro基因属于植物花粉profilin基因家族的新成员。RT-PCR定性分析表明,AtfPro基因在三叶木通花蕾、花药、雌花花瓣和柱头组织中均有表达,但在幼叶、茎尖、根尖组织中低水平表达或不表达,生殖器官中的表达时期从花序分化发育开始到开花散粉结束。     

中国水仙水杨酸甲酯合成酶基因克隆与表达分析

为了解中国水仙(Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis)花香气形成的分子机理,以花发育形成相关基因的SSH文库获得的cDNA片段为基础,利用RACE技术从中国水仙花朵中克隆了水杨酸甲酯合成酶基因,命名为NtSAMT1 (GeneBank No. JX273470),其cDNA全长1323 bp,包含1个1131 bp完整阅读框架,编码376个氨基酸,具有Methyltransf_7 superfamily蛋白保守区,与仙女扇(Clarkia breweri) SAMT蛋白(1m6eX)的三维结构相似。系统进化树分析表明,中国水仙与粳稻的SAMT蛋白亲缘关系最近。原核表达结果表明NtSAMT1在大肠杆菌中能高效表达。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,NtSAMT1在花蕾期就有表达,第1天完全开放时各部位均有表达,以雄蕊与雌蕊的表达量最高,第8天已检测不到表达。     

中华绒螯蟹卵巢RACB cDNA文库的构建

应用抑制性差减杂交技术,已经获得了中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育过程中差异表达基因的部分cDNA序列。为了进一步获得基因的全长cDNA序列,运用SMART技术,成功构建了中华绒螯蟹卵巢(Ⅲ期)RACE cDNA文库。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明,文库所含全长cDNA的长度主要集中在500—2000bP之间,RACE PCR结果表明,所用基因特异性引物与接头引物皆能扩增出产物,说明所构文库的质量较好,适于用RACE方法从中分离中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育相关基因的全长cDNA。     

大乳头水螅RACE cDNA文库的构建

目的:为筛选和克隆大乳头水螅发育调控相关基因的全长cDNA,构建大乳头水螅RACE cDNA文库.方法:提取大乳头水螅总RNA后从其中分离mRNA,运用SMART技术构建RACE cDNA文库.为鉴定所构建文库的质量,根据GenBank中大乳头水螅actin基因cDNA序列设计5'RACE和3'RACE的引物及用于扩增actin基因编码区全长序列的引物.结果:琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明,RACE cDNA文库中全长cDNA的长度集中在500-2 000bp之间.5'RACE、3'RACE PCR及扩增actin基因编码区全长序列时均以本文构建的大乳头水螅RACE cDNA文库为模板,这3个PCR反应均能扩增出产物,产物大小与目标片段预计大小相似.PCR产物分别经T/A克隆及测序后证明为大乳头水螅actin基因cDNA的相应序列.结论:RACE cDNA文库的成功构建为通过RACE方法获得大乳头水螅功能基因cDNA全长序列奠定了基础.     

中华绒螯蟹卵巢RACE Cdna文库的构建

应用抑制性差减杂交技术 ,已经获得了中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育过程中差异表达基因的部分cDNA序列。为了进一步获得基因的全长cDNA序列 ,运用SMART技术 ,成功构建了中华绒螯蟹卵巢 (Ⅲ期 )RACEcDNA文库。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明 ,文库所含全长cDNA的长度主要集中在 5 0 0～ 2 0 0 0bp之间 ,RACEPCR结果表明 ,所用基因特异性引物与接头引物皆能扩增出产物 ,说明所构文库的质量较好 ,适于用RACE方法从中分离中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育相关基因的全长cDNA。     

西伯利亚蓼非特异性脂质转移蛋白编码序列的克隆及其盐胁迫下的表达

根据西伯利亚蓼地下茎抑制消减文库(SSH)中获得的非特异性脂质转移蛋白(non-specific lipid transfer protein, nsLTP)EST序列,应用RACE技术克隆了具有Poly A的全长cDNA序列.该序列全长604 bp,其5′非翻译区65 bp,3′非翻译区227 bp,开放阅读框编码103个氨基酸残基;序列分析表明,该基因具有N端信号肽,具有nsLTP家族共有的典型保守区域,属nsLTP家族基因,命名为PsnsLTPs;荧光定量PCR分析表明,PsnsLTPs在西伯利亚蓼叶、茎、地下茎中均有表达.在3%NaHCO3诱导表达下,该基因在地下茎中表达明显受盐胁迫的诱导,推测该基因在抵御盐胁迫时具有重要作用.     

草莓β-半乳糖苷酶基因FaTβgal的克隆与表达分析

利用SSH和RACE技术,从‘丰香’草莓果实中分离了1个草莓β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)基因,命名为FaTβgal。FaTβgal基因cDNA序列全长2 891bp,ORF区2 448bp,编码815个氨基酸,含有保守序列GGPIILSQIENEY和凝集素结构域。FaTβgal推导氨基酸序列与已报道的3个草莓β-Gal基因Faβgal1(CAC44500)、Faβgal2(CAC44501)、Faβgal3(CAC44502)氨基酸序列有47.1%~48.1%的相似性。与其它物种24个β-Gal基因聚类分析表明,FaTβgal聚在一个独立的分枝上。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对FaTβgal基因在果实发育成熟过程中的表达分析表明,该基因在果实中特异表达,随着果实成熟表达量升高,粉红期达到峰值,全红期迅速下降;2个软硬不同的品种表达模式趋于一致。研究认为,FaTβgal基因是β-Gal基因家族的一个新基因,该基因可能在果实成熟软化过程中发挥作用。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。     

Hydroxylation of steroids by Fusarium oxysporum, Exophiala jeanselmei and Ceratocystis paradoxa

The potential of Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense UAMH 9013 to perform steroid biotransformations was reinvestigated using single phase and pulse feed conditions. The following natural steroids served as substrates: dehydroepiandrosterone (1), pregnenolone (2), testosterone (3), progesterone (4), cortisone (5), prednisone (6), estrone (7) and sarsasapogenin (8). The results showed the possible presence of C-7 and C-15 hydroxylase enzymes. This hypothesis was explored using three synthetic androstanes: androstane-3,17-dione (9), androsta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione (10) and 3α,5α-cycloandrost-6-en-17-one (11). These fermentations of non-natural steroids showed that C-7 hydroxylation was as a result of that position being allylic. The evidence also pointed towards the presence of a C-15 hydroxylase enzyme.The eleven steroids were also fed to Exophialajeanselmei var. lecanii-corni UAMH 8783. The results showed that the fungus appears to have very active 5α and 14α-hydroxylase enzymes, and is also capable of carrying out allylic oxidations.Ceratocystis paradoxa UAMH 8784 was grown in the presence of the above-mentioned steroids. The results showed that monooxygenases which effect allylic hydroxylation and Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement were active. However, redox reactions predominated.