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Cholecystokinin, secreted when ingested food enters the duodenum, may act as a satiety factor. Injection of proglumide, a specific antagonist of cholecystokinin, induced an increase in food intake. The satiety effect of administered cholecystokinin is abolished by bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. If endogenous and exogenous cholecystokinin act via the same mechanism, then vagotomy should abolish the proglumide-induced increase in food intake. Proglumide was used to block the satiety effect of a food preload in sham-operated and vagotomized rats. Proglumide induced an increase in food intake in sham-operated rats confirming earlier results. No change in meal size was observed in vagotomized rats following proglumide injection. These results suggest that vagotomy abolishes the effect of endogenous cholecystokinin on food intake. However, evidence of dumping in vagotomized rats prevents the interpretation of the data as a direct vagal involvement in endogenous CCK-induced satiety. 相似文献
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Cholecystokinin, secreted in response to ingested food entering the duodenum, may play a role in limiting food intake. Inhibition of cholecystokinin should therefore induce an increase in food intake. Proglumide, a specific antagonist of cholecystokinin was used to block the satiety effect of a food preload in rats. A significant increase in food intake was obtained following proglumide injection, thus supporting the hypothesis that cholecystokinin, released by food in the duodenum, acts as a short-term satiety factor. 相似文献
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《Cell reports》2020,30(9):3067-3078.e5
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Barbara J. Rolls David J. Shide Michelle L. Thorwart Jan S. Ulbrecht 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》1998,6(1):1-11
Sibutramine (SIB), an inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, has been shown in clinical trials to be associated with a dose-related decrease in bodyweight. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, Latin square crossover study examined whether the effect on bodyweight could be due in part to a reduction in daily food intake. Twelve non-dieting, women with obesity (body mass index of 30.5 to 41.9) received three treatments (0 [matching placebo], 10, or 30 mg SIB/day) for 14 days, with 14-day washout periods in between. On days 7 and 14, participants came to the laboratory to eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner so that daily energy and macronutrient intakes and ratings of hunger and satiety could be measured. Significant reductions occurred in food intake (both grams and energy) over the 14-day study period. On day 7, SIB 30 reduced intake significantly by 1762 kJ (23% reduction from placebo), and on day 14, both SIB 10 and SIB 30 significantly reduced intake compared with placebo (SIB 10, 19% reduction [1490 kJ]; SIB 30,26% reduction [2079 HI). On day 7, the percentage of energy consumed from carbohydrate increased significantly with the 30-mg dose (56.7 %) compared with that of placebo (51.4%), with a reciprocal decrease in energy from fat (27.8% to 24%). The results show that SIB reduced energy intake in women with obesity who were not attempting to lose weight. 相似文献
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A polymorphism within the 5' untranslated region of the cholecystokinin type A receptor ( CCKAR ) gene has been shown to affect feed intake and growth in commercial pig lines. To further investigate the phenotype of animals carrying alternative alleles at this polymorphism, we genotyped animals from a distinct segregating commercial line and an experimental cross F2 population, both with electronically recorded feeding pattern data. The data indicate that the daily feed intake increasing effect of the DQ496228:g.179G allele is mediated through a faster rate of feed intake, without evidence for an effect on other feeding behaviour traits. 相似文献
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Janet L. Guss Harry R. Kissileff Michael J. Devlin Ellen Zimmerli B. Timothy Walsh 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2002,10(10):1021-1029
Objective: To determine whether meal size is related to body mass index (BMI) in obese subjects with binge-eating disorder (BED). Research Methods and Procedures: Five groups of subjects each consumed two laboratory-test meals on nonconsecutive days. Forty-two women, categorized by BMI and BED diagnosis, were instructed to “binge” during one meal and to eat “normally” during another. Eighteen women had BMI values >38 kg/m2 (more-obese) and 17 had BMI values between 28 to 32 kg/m2 (less-obese). Twelve of the more-obese and nine of the less-obese individuals met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV criteria for BED. Seven normal-weight women also participated as controls. Results: Subjects with BED ate significantly more in both meals than subjects without BED. Binge meals were significantly larger than normal meals only among subjects with BED. The more-obese subjects with BED ate significantly more than the less-obese subjects with BED, but only when they were asked to binge. Intake of the binge meal was significantly, positively correlated with BMI among subjects with BED. Subjects with BED reported significantly higher satiety ratings after the binge than after the normal meal, but subjects without BED reported similar ratings after both meals. Regardless of instructions and diagnosis, obese subjects consumed a significantly higher percentage of energy from fat (38.5%) than did normal-weight subjects (30.8%). Discussion: During binge meals, the energy intake of subjects with BED is greater than that of individuals of similar body weight without BED and is positively correlated with BMI. 相似文献
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黑素皮质素受体对动物采食量和能量稳态的调控 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
黑素皮质素受体是G-蛋白耦联受体超家族成员。5个黑素皮质素受体基因已经被克隆和鉴定,并有不同的组织分布和生物学功能。本文综述了黑素皮质素受体3和受体4基因调控采食量和能量稳态的研究进展。Abstract:The melanocortin receptors are members of the super-family of G-protein coupled receptors.To date,five melanocortin receptor genes (MC1R-MC5R) have been cloned and characterized.These receptorsdiffer in their tissue distributions and physiological roles.This review focuses on the roles of MC3R and MC4R in regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. 相似文献
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Yu-Jin Kim You-Kwan Oh Seung-Shick Yoo Kun-Young Park Whankoo Kang Sunghoon Park 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2005,10(3):242-247
Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is a glycopeptide of 64 amino acid residues derived from theC-terminal of mammalian milkk-casein. Recently, human CMP (hCMP) was produced from the recombinant yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, the antiobesity activity of the recombinant hCMP (rhCMP) was investigatedin vivo using Sprague-Dawley rats. The rhCMP did not affect the rats fed with a normal fat diet (fat content, 5.0%), but decreased the body weight gain of the rats fed with a high fat diet (fat content, 20%) by up to 19%. Autopsies revealed that the weights of the liver, kidney and adipose tissues decreased when the rats were given the rhCMP, which also reduced the lipid concentrations in the plasma and liver, but enhanced the fecal excretion of lipids. These results suggest that rhCMP prevent the accumulation of lipid by stimulating its fecal excretion, so could be used as a food supplement to alleviate the obesity problem caused by a high fat diet. 相似文献
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Margriet S. Westerterp‐Plantenga Manuela P.G.M. Lejeune Eva M. R. Kovacs 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2005,13(7):1195-1204
Objective: Investigation of the effect of a green tea‐caffeine mixture on weight maintenance after body weight loss in moderately obese subjects in relation to habitual caffeine intake. Research Methods and Procedures: A randomized placebo‐controlled double blind parallel trial in 76 overweight and moderately obese subjects, (BMI, 27.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2) matched for sex, age, BMI, height, body mass, and habitual caffeine intake was conducted. A very low energy diet intervention during 4 weeks was followed by 3 months of weight maintenance (WM); during the WM period, the subjects received a green tea‐caffeine mixture (270 mg epigallocatechin gallate + 150 mg caffeine per day) or placebo. Results: Subjects lost 5.9 ±1.8 (SD) kg (7.0 ± 2.1%) of body weight (p < 0.001). At baseline, satiety was positively, and in women, leptin was inversely, related to subjects’ habitual caffeine consumption (p < 0.01). High caffeine consumers reduced weight, fat mass, and waist circumference more than low caffeine consumers; resting energy expenditure was reduced less and respiratory quotient was reduced more during weight loss (p < 0.01). In the low caffeine consumers, during WM, green tea still reduced body weight, waist, respiratory quotient and body fat, whereas resting energy expenditure was increased compared with a restoration of these variables with placebo (p < 0.01). In the high caffeine consumers, no effects of the green tea‐caffeine mixture were observed during WM. Discussion: High caffeine intake was associated with weight loss through thermogenesis and fat oxidation and with suppressed leptin in women. In habitual low caffeine consumers, the green tea‐caffeine mixture improved WM, partly through thermogenesis and fat oxidation. 相似文献
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Tarek K. Reda M.D. M.P.H. Dr.P.H. Allan Geliebter F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2002,10(10):1087-1091
Amylin, also known as islet amyloid polypeptide, identified in 1987, is a naturally occurring hormone, released by the β cells of the pancreas and consists of 37 amino acids. Amylin seems to decrease food intake through both central and peripheral mechanisms and indirectly by slowing gastric emptying. The mean basal amylin concentration is higher in obese than in lean human subjects. The amylin response to oral glucose is also greater in obese subjects, whether or not they have impaired glucose tolerance. The elevated amylin levels in obesity may lead to down-regulation of amylin receptors and lessen the impact of postprandial amylin secretion on satiety and gastric emptying. Amylin administration may overcome resistance at target tissues, delay gastric emptying, and have potential for inducing weight loss in obese individuals. 相似文献
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Wheat gluten hydrolysate potently stimulates peptide-YY secretion and suppresses food intake in rats
Wenya Chen Shingo Nakajima Hiroshi Hara 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):1992-1999
ABSTRACTThe study was aimed to compare the satiating effect of various protein hydrolysates in rats and examine the underlying mechanism associated with the satiety hormones. Food intake and portal satiety hormone levels were measured in rats. Enteroendocrine cell-lines were employed to study the direct effect of protein hydrolysates on gut hormone secretions. The results showed that oral preload of wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH) suppressed food intake greater and longer than other hydrolysates. The portal peptide-YY levels in WGH-treated rats at 2 h and 3 h were higher than those in control- and lactalbumin hydrolysate (LAH)-treated rats. In a distal enteroendocrine cell model, WGH more potently stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion than LAH, and the effect was largely enhanced by pepsin/pancreatin digestion of WGH. These results suggest WGH is potent in activating enteroendocrine cells to release satiety hormones leading to the prolonged suppression of food intake. 相似文献
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Reiko Nagasaka Hazuki Nakachi Yuka Onodera Yuki Ishikawa Toshiaki Ohshima 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2020,84(6):1250-1258
ABSTRACTAlthough fluctuations in energy metabolism are known to influence intake as well as nutrient selection, there are no definitive reports on how food preferences change with changes in habitat temperature. We investigated the effects of habitat temperature on appetite and food preference and elucidated the underlying mechanism by conducting a feeding experiment and a leptin administration test on mice reared at low temperatures. Our results showed that the increased food intake and HFD preference observed in the 10°C group were induced by decrease in plasma leptin concentration. Then, a leptin administration experiment was conducted to clarify the relationship between leptin and food preference with low-temperature acclimation. The control group reared in 10°C significantly preferred the HFD, but the leptin-administered group did not. These results show that the peripheral system appetite-regulating hormone leptin not only acts to suppress appetite but also might inhibit preference for lipids in low-temperature acclimation. 相似文献
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Blom WA Mars M Hendriks HF de Groot LC Stafleu A Kok FJ de Graaf C 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2006,14(5):838-846
Objective: To study the role of ghrelin as a hunger signal during energy restriction and to test the hypothesis that changes in fasting leptin concentrations during energy restriction are associated with changes in fasting ghrelin concentrations. Research Methods and Procedures: Thirty‐five healthy, lean men (23 ± 3 years of age; BMI: 22.3 ± 1.6 kg/m2) participated in a controlled intervention study. Fasting ghrelin and leptin concentrations were measured before and after 2 days of 62% energy restriction and after a 2‐day period of ad libitum food intake. Energy intake during the latter period was assessed. Results: On average, ghrelin concentrations did not change (0.05 μg/liter; 95% confidence interval, ?0.03; 0.12) during energy restriction. Changes in ghrelin concentration during energy restriction were not associated with energy intake during the ad libitum period (r = 0.07; not significant). Ad libitum energy intake was, however, associated with the change in ghrelin concentrations during the same period (r = ?0.34; p = 0.05). Ghrelin and leptin concentrations were not associated. In addition, the ratio of percentage changes in ghrelin and leptin during energy restriction was not correlated with ad libitum food intake after energy restriction (r = ?0.26; p = 0.14). Discussion: Fasting ghrelin concentrations did not rise after a 2‐day energy restriction regimen. Moreover, changes in ghrelin concentrations during energy restriction were not associated with subsequent ad libitum food intake, suggesting that fasting ghrelin does not act as a hunger signal to the brain. The data did not support our hypothesis that leptin suppresses ghrelin levels. 相似文献
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Anne‐Grethe Gamst Moen Koji Murashita Roderick Nigel Finn 《Developmental neurobiology》2010,70(9):649-658
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Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the therapeutic potential of intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) for obesity. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of IES on food intake, gastric tone, gastric accommodation, and its possible pathway. Research Methods and Procedures: Ten normal dogs and six dogs with truncal vagotomy were used in this study. Each dog was equipped with a gastric cannula for the measurement of gastric tone and accommodation by barostat and one pair of duodenal serosal electrodes for IES. The experiment on food intake was composed of both control session without IES and IES session after a 28‐hour fast. The experiment on gastric tone and accommodation was performed in the fasting and fed states and composed of three sessions: control, IES, and IES with NG‐nitro‐l ‐arginine. Results: IES significantly reduced food intake in the normal dogs (459.0 vs. 312.6 grams, p < 0.001). The food intake was negatively correlated with the fasting gastric volume during IES. IES significantly decreased fasting gastric tone in the normal dogs reflected as a decrease in gastric volume (89.1 vs. 261.3 mL, p < 0.01), which was abolished by vagotomy and NG‐nitro‐l ‐arginine. Discussion: IES reduces food intake and inhibits gastric tone in the fasting state. The inhibitory effect of IES on gastric tone is mediated by both vagal and nitrergic pathway. 相似文献
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Liliia I. Butiaeva Tal Slutzki Hannah E. Swick Clément Bourguignon Sarah C. Robins Xiaohong Liu Kai-Florian Storch Maia V. Kokoeva 《Cell metabolism》2021,33(7):1433-1448.e5
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