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1.
基于GIS的农田土壤、作物特征空间变异性及其相互关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this research was to investigate the variability and the quantitative relationships among soil nutrients and crop growth status and yield. All data were analyzed by both classical statistics and geostatistics based on GIS. Soil properties included soil pH, total N, organic matter, available P and available K, while crop growth status was indicated by SPAD, LAI and SPAD × LAI. All parameters except soll pH exhibited spatial correlation.Soil total N and organic matter, SPAD, LAI and SPAD × LAI were all correlated to rice yield. Kriged interpolation maps provided good indication of the spatial variability in crop yield and growth status. Spatial interpolation and correlation analysis proved that SPAD × LAI was more indicative of crop growth status than individual variables, and useful for implementing growth season and topdressing as needed. 相似文献
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耳石是头足类重要的硬组织,其微化学被广泛用于头足类生活史的重建、群体划分等研究领域.本文根据中国灯光罩网渔船于2017年5—8月在中国南海西沙群岛海域采集的鸢乌贼样本,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)分析了20枚鸢乌贼耳石的元素组成及其分布特性.结果表明: 西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼耳石主要由55种元素组成,含量最多的前10种元素分别为钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钠(Na)、磷(P)、硅(Si)、镁(Mg)、钾(K)、硼(B)、 铁(Fe)和钡(Ba).方差分析表明,不同性别间Ca、Sr、Na、P、Si、Mg、K、Fe、Ba和B的分布均不存在显著性差异;不同孵化群体间Ca、P、B、Fe和Ba的分布也不存在显著性差异,而Si、Sr、Mg、Na和K则差异显著;不同耳石部位间除了Ca和Fe的分布不存在群体间差异外,Sr、Na、P、K、Si、Mg、B、和Ba均存在显著性差异.表明Sr、Na、K 和 Mg可能比较适合用于鸢乌贼群体划分和生活史研究. 相似文献
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角质颚是头足类的主要摄食器官,蕴藏着大量的渔业生物学及生态学信息。根据2017年5—8月中国灯光罩网渔船于中国南海西沙群岛海域采集的860尾鸢乌贼样本,对其角质颚色素沉积等级进行了划分和判定,研究了鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积等级变化与胴长、体质量、净重、性腺成熟度和角质颚外部形态参数等因子的关系。结果表明:鸢乌贼的角质颚色素沉积变化存在性别间显著性差异(P<0.05),雌性个体角质颚色素沉积速度快于雄性;色素沉积等级与胴长、体质量和净重均呈正相关,并随着性腺成熟度的增加而增加;雄性个体角质颚下颚除翼长外,其余各部色素沉积的速度均快于上颚各部;雌性个体上颚各部色素沉积速度均快于下颚。本研究为后续利用角质颚研究鸢乌贼渔业生物学和对该资源的有效开发及科学管理提供了基础。 相似文献
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南海中南部鸢乌贼中型群群体结构 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据2012和2013年在南海中南部采集到的3177尾鸢乌贼中型群样品,对其胴长(ML)、右第一腕长(AL1)、右第二腕长(AL2)、右第三腕长(AL3)、右第四腕长(AL4)、右触腕长(TL)、鳍长(FL)和鳍宽(FW)等形态参数进行测定,并运用主成分分析等方法对其个体的形态差异进行研究.结果表明: 研究海域的鸢乌贼中型群可分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ 2个群体,分别占总数的69%和31%.2个群体的雌性比例均随胴长的增大呈先减少后增加的趋势,直至达到100%;群体Ⅰ雌性和雄性的初次性成熟胴长分别为164和112 mm,群体Ⅱ雌性和雄性初次性成熟胴长分别为157和108 mm.群体Ⅰ在西沙海域和南沙海域均有独立分布区域,而群体Ⅱ密集区主要分布于南沙海域.非参数检验表明:2个群体雌性和雄性个体的全部形态参数均存在显著性差异(P<0.05).在雌性鸢乌贼中,群体Ⅰ和群体Ⅱ的ML、AL1、AL2、AL4、TL和FW存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在雄性鸢乌贼中,群体Ⅰ和群体Ⅱ的ML、AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4和FL存在显著性差异(P<0.01).通过计算差异系数表明,2个群体的形态差异处于种内水平. 相似文献
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根据2017年和2018年在我国南海海域采集到的鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)中型群雄性样本,利用生物统计分析和线性模型拟合等方法研究其有效繁殖力特性及其在性腺发育过程中的变化规律。结果表明,南海鸢乌贼中型群雄性胴长分布范围为114 ~ 153 mm,体重分布范围为55.2 ~ 174.7 g。个体精荚囊的长度为22 ~ 124 mm,精荚囊重量为0.03 ~ 3.07 g,两者呈幂函数关系,且均随着性腺发育而逐步增大。精荚囊长度及其重量与胴长和体重均呈线性函数关系。精荚囊长度及其重量均在性腺成熟度Ⅵ期时达到最大值,分别为(94.33 ± 21.64)mm和(1.57 ± 1.07)g。有效繁殖力为1 ~ 144条,胴长相对有效繁殖力为0.02 ~ 1.62 条/mm。随着个体生长发育,有效繁殖力在Ⅵ期达到最大值,相对有效繁殖力则在Ⅵ ~ Ⅶ期时趋于稳定。有效繁殖力与胴长、体重均呈线性函数关系,相对有效繁殖力与胴长、体重均呈幂函数关系。精荚长度为4.79 ~ 36.60 mm,精荚重量为0.000 2 ~ 0.020 0 g,两者符合幂函数关系,且均在Ⅵ期达到最大值。同时,精荚长度及其重量与胴长、体重均呈线性函数关系。研究表明,南海鸢乌贼中型群雄性个体的精荚囊、精荚和有效繁殖力均随着性腺发育而不断增大,且三者均与个体胴长、体重呈显著的函数关系。 相似文献
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同域近缘种由于进化选择的压力,会形成不同的行为适应策略。研究同域近缘种生态位格局,有助于理解近缘物种的竞争和共存机制,是深入了解种群动态变化的基础性问题。选取东太平洋赤道海域的柔鱼科头足类近缘种茎柔鱼和鸢乌贼为研究对象,利用生物地球化学示踪物(稳定同位素和脂肪酸)分析两种头足类的营养生态位及相互关系。结果显示,茎柔鱼和鸢乌贼肌肉的部分必需脂肪酸(C18∶2n6、C20∶2n6、C20∶3n3、C20∶4n6和C20∶5n3)含量存在差异,说明二者食物来源不同,但其碳、氮稳定同位素比值无显著差异,可能是因为相同个体大小的茎柔鱼和鸢乌贼营养级相近,且摄食空间相似。这些结果在营养生态位的分析结果中也得到了验证,稳定同位素营养生态位的重叠程度高于脂肪酸营养生态位,表明脂肪酸组成更能体现同域近缘种的食性差异。本研究可加深对头足类进化过程中摄食行为适应机制的理解,并为评估同域近缘种的营养生态位关系提供有益参考。 相似文献
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基于2016年和2020年浙江南部近海收集的71尾前肛鳗样品,通过测定碳氮稳定同位素比值计算其营养生态位指标,对比分析前肛鳗不同发育过程、不同季节及不同年份营养生态位的差异,探究营养生态位的变动规律及对资源的利用情况。结果表明:(1)2016年和2020年前肛鳗平均δ13C值分别为(-15.19±0.31)‰、(-15.90±0.45)‰;平均δ15N值分别为(12.42±0.45)‰、(12.92±0.25)‰;(2)单因素方差分析表明,2016年前肛鳗不同发育过程δ13C值差异不显著(P>0.05),δ15N值差异显著(P<0.05),不同季节间δ13C值和δ15N值均存在显著差异(P<0.05),而2020年前肛鳗不同发育过程δ13C值和δ15N值差异均不显著(P>0.05),不同季节间δ13C值存在显著差异(P<0.05),δ15N... 相似文献
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基于耳石微结构的南海春季鸢乌贼日龄、生长与种群结构的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
2015年春季在南海开展灯光罩网渔船鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)采样, 样品胴长为10.22—199.01 mm, 体质量为1.3—328.8 g。研究根据鸢乌贼耳石微结构对其日龄、生长和种群结构进行研究, 结果显示:南海存在2个鸢乌贼群体, 中型群体(有发光器, 占59.38%)和微型群体(无发光器, 占40.62%), 无胴长大于500 mm的大型群体; 样品日龄范围为38—126d, 优势日龄组为51—80d, 占其总数的81.33%。分别计算不同海域和群体间5种生长模型的AIC权重值, 发现南海北部海域和南沙附近海域都以指数生长模型最适合描述鸢乌贼的生长关系, 中型群体以指数模型最为适合, 微型群体则以幂函数生长模型最适合; 南海北部海域的鸢乌贼个体生长速率略低于南沙附近海域鸢乌贼个体; 微型群体呈现急剧生长到逐渐缓慢生长的趋势, 中型群体的生长趋势与微型群体正好相反。同类相食现象表明微型群体的生长受到中型群体的影响而被抑制。 相似文献
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为明确中街山列岛重要恋礁性鱼类的营养关系,本研究以中街山列岛的3种典型恋礁性鱼类条石鲷、褐菖鲉和星康吉鳗为对象,利用碳、氮稳定同位素技术分析了其在2020年夏季的营养生态位,并计算主要碳源(大型海藻、浮游植物、悬浮颗粒有机物、底质有机物)的贡献值。结果表明:1)条石鲷、褐菖鲉和星康吉鳗的δ13C值范围在-21.44‰~-15.21‰,平均值为(-16.85±1.12)‰;δ15N值范围在8.32‰~10.96‰,平均值为(9.69±0.66)‰,三者之间的碳氮稳定同位素均有显著性差异;2)条石鲷和褐菖鲉的营养生态位重叠很小,说明其种间竞争并不激烈,而条石鲷和褐菖鲉与星康吉鳗之间均不存在生态位重叠,说明它们之间的摄食种类有所分化;3)星康吉鳗的生态位总面积、校正核心生态位面积和食物来源多样性均最大,表明星康吉鳗的食性泛化,食物来源更为丰富;4)以厚壳贻贝作为基线生物,星康吉鳗的营养级最大,为3.38,其次是褐菖鲉,为3.09,条石鲷的营养级最小,为3.00;5)稳定同位素混合模型(SIAR)显示,悬浮颗粒有机物是三者的主要碳源,贡献率分别为57... 相似文献
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D. R. Carvalho D. Castro M. Callisto M. Z. Moreira P. S. Pompeu 《Journal of fish biology》2015,87(3):559-578
The aim of this study was to test if changes in land use alter the isotopic signature of fish species, promoting changes in the trophic position and food resource partitioning between these consumers. Three different systems were investigated: pasture streams (n = 3), streams in sugar cane plantations (n = 3) and reference streams (n = 3). Fish species Aspidoras fuscoguttatus, Astyanax altiparanae, Characidium zebra, Hisonotus piracanjuba and Knodus moenkhausii were selected, and their nitrogen and carbon isotopic compositions were estimated to assess changes in the trophic level and partitioning of food items consumed. The composition of δ13C (‰) only differed among the land use categories for A. altiparanae, H. piracanjuba and K. moenkhausii. Resource partitioning was different for all species, with changes in the sources or proportions they consumed in each land use category, but only A. altiparanae introduced new food sources in large quantity in altered land uses. It is important to note, however, that the results from the resource partitioning analysis are limited due to large overlapping of isotopic signatures between the analysed food resources. All fish species exhibited variation in δ15N (‰), with the highest values found in streams under sugar cane or pasture influence. Despite the variation in nitrogen isotopic values, only C. zebra and H. piracanjuba displayed changes in trophic level. Therefore, it is believed that the increase in the δ15N (‰) value of the individuals collected in streams under the influence of sugar cane or pasture was due to the greater influence of livestock dung and chemical and organic fertilizers. The results also highlight the importance of studying consumer species along with all forms of resources available at each location separately, because the signatures of these resources also vary within different land uses. 相似文献
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稳定性同位素技术在生态学上的应用 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
稳定性同位素技术早在20世纪70年代末期就被引入到生态学领域。最初是利用植物稳定性碳同位素的差异。开展了许多有关营养流动方面的研究;到90年代,稳定性碳和氮同位素被用来分析动物的食性、营养级位置关系以及食物链结构;本世纪初,由于技术的进步,稳定性同位素(特别是氢同位素)被用来开展动物迁徙习性方面的研究。到目前为止,国内有关这方面的研究还鲜有报道,而且对自然界存在的稳定性同位素的理解还存在一定偏差。本文主要介绍了稳定性同位素效应及其分馏原理、稳定性同位素在示踪动物食性信息、确定营养级位置关系、分析食物网结构以及研究动物迁徙生态学中的作用等方面的内容。 相似文献
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Disturbances have long been recognized as important forces for structuring natural communities but their effects on trophic structure are not well understood, particularly in terrestrial systems. This is in part because quantifying trophic linkages is a challenge, especially for small organisms with cryptic feeding behaviors such as insects, and often relies on conducting labor‐intensive feeding trials or extensive observations in the field. In this study, we used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to examine how disturbance (annual biomass harvesting) in tallgrass prairies affected the trophic position, trophic range, and niche space of ants, a widespread grassland consumer. We hypothesized that biomass harvest would remove important food and nesting resources of insects thus affecting ant feeding relationships and trophic structure. We found shifts in the feeding relationships inferred by isotopic signatures with harvest. In particular, these shifts suggest that ants within harvest sites utilized resources at lower trophic levels (possibly plant‐based resources or herbivores), expanded trophic breadth, and occupied different niche spaces. Shifts in resource use following harvest could be due to harvest‐mediated changes in both the plant and arthropod communities that might affect the strength of competition or alter plant nitrogen availability. Because shifts in resource use alter the flow of nutrients across the food web, disturbance effects on ants could have ecosystem‐level consequences through nutrient cycling. 相似文献
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BRIAN HAYDEN ALEXIA MASSA‐GALLUCCI JOE CAFFREY CHRIS HARROD STEFANO MARIANI MARTIN O’GRADY MARY KELLY‐QUINN 《Freshwater Biology》2011,56(9):1723-1735
1. Recent proliferation of hybridisation in response to anthropogenic ecosystem change, coupled with increasing evidence of the importance of ancient hybridisation events in the formation of many species, has moved hybridisation to the forefront of evolutionary theory. 2. In spite of this, the mechanisms (e.g. differences in trophic ecology) by which hybrids co‐exist with parental taxa are poorly understood. A unique hybrid zone exists in Irish freshwater systems, whereby hybrid offspring off two non‐native cyprinid fishes often outnumber both parental species. 3. Using stable isotope and gut content analyses, we determined the trophic interactions between sympatric populations of roach (Rutilus rutilus), bream (Abramis brama) and their hybrid in lacustrine habitats. 4. The diet of all three groups displayed little variation across the study systems, and dietary overlap was observed between both parental species and hybrids. Hybrids displayed diet, niche breadth and trophic position that were intermediate between the two parental species while also exhibiting greater flexibility in diet across systems. 相似文献