RP-HPLC内标法测定5种中草药的齐墩果酸含量

建立了反相高效液相色谱-内标法测定了齐墩果酸的含量。以苯甲酸为内标物,C18反相柱（250mm×4.6mmi.d.,5μm）为分析柱,甲醇-水-冰醋酸（95：5：0.1）为流动相,流速1.0mL/min;检测波长210nm,柱温35℃。齐墩果酸浓度10.0～500mg/L范围内,对照品与苯甲酸的色谱峰面积比呈良好的线性关系。该方法准确、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好。     

8mol/L脲中rhIL-3含量的测定

为解决8mol／L脉中rhIL－3的定量问题,以卵清蛋白作内标,进行常规SDS－PAGE后,作激光灰度扫描,并计算rhIL－3和卵清蛋白的峰面积,发现两种蛋白峰面积的比值与rhIL－3浓度在0．2－1．0mg／ml间呈良好线性关系。查标准曲线可以计算出8mol／L脲中rhIL－3的含量。重复性测定表明该法具有较好的重现性。     

毛细管气相色谱内标法测定核桃油中的脂肪酸

测定了核桃油的脂肪酸组成,建立了以十七烷酸甲酯为内标物,用毛细管气相色谱同时测定核桃油五种脂肪酸（棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸）的方法。样品经氢氧化钾．甲醇皂化、三氟化硼．甲醇酯化后使生成相应的脂肪酸甲酯,以DM-FFAP毛细管柱分离,火焰离子化检测器测定。用保留时间定性,内标法定量。结果表明,在所选择的条件下,核桃油脂肪酸在10min内能获得较好的分离;五种脂肪酸的峰面积与其质量浓度有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0．998;样品加标回收率（n=6）为92．5％-100．3％,相对标准偏差为2．41％-4．31％。该方法操作简便、快速、准确,适合批量样品的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定细菌发酵液中的糖、甘油和乙醇的研究

目的：建立一种用高效液相色谱快速测定细菌发酵液中糖、甘油和乙醇的方法。方法：酌情取细菌发酵液样品适量(1—9mL)于10mL容量瓶中,加入10mg/mL的甘露醇内标物1．0mL,用水定容到刻度,取2mL用4．5μm滤膜过滤,进样2μL分析,糖、甘油和乙醇以Waters Suger—Park—1钙型阳离子交换柱为固定相,0．05g／L EDTA钙钠水溶液为流动相分离,示差折光仪为检测器检测测定。结果：一次进样可同时测定细菌发酵液样品中的糖、甘油和乙醇;方法RDS在0．52％-0．85％之间,标准回收率在99—102％之间,结果满意。结论：该方法简便、快速、结果可靠,为发酵法生产甘油过程中的质量监控提供了方法。     

HPLC法测定红豆杉细胞培养物中的α-萘乙酸

建立高效液相色谱法检测红豆杉细胞培养物中萘乙酸残留的方法。细胞培养液直接用二氯甲烷萃取,鲜细胞用99%乙醇浸提后,再用二氯甲烷萃取,分别得到回收率均达到87%以上的萘乙酸试样,色谱分离采用Nova-pak C18柱,柱温30℃,紫外检测波长为281 nm,进样体积5μL,外标法定量。结果显示萘乙酸的质量在0.001～0.125 ug(R=0.9998)范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,萘乙酸在细胞培养液中的检出限为0.02 mg/L,在鲜细胞中的检出限为0.2 mg/kg。本方法简便快速、灵敏度高,可监测红豆杉细胞培养生产紫杉醇过程中萘乙酸的残留。     

高浓度糖发酵制备乙醇

以树干毕赤酵母为发酵菌株,混合糖（木糖、葡萄糖）为发酵底物,通过培养基和培养条件的改变来确定树干毕赤酵母高糖浓度发酵时所需的条件。研究结果表明：在24h发酵周期内初始木糖质量浓度为63．0g／L较适宜;在36h发酵周期内初始木糖质量浓度为72．0g/L较适宜。24h发酵周期内,在36．0g／L木糖中添加的葡萄糖质量浓度以54．0g/L为最佳,发酵结束乙醇质量浓度达32．9g／L;36h发酵周期内,添加的葡萄糖质量浓度以72．0g／L为最佳,发酵结束乙醇质量浓度为36．9g／L。以（NH4）2SO4为N源时较适合戊糖发酵制备乙醇,（NH2）2SO4的最佳质量浓度为1．1g／L。发酵前8h摇床转速为90r／min,后16h为150r／min,乙醇质量浓度较高,可达17．5g/L。     

喹乙醇在鲤体内的药物代谢动力学及组织浓度

采用高效液相色谱法测定了鲤血浆及组织中喹乙醇的浓度。该法采用C18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-三蒸水(15：85),检测波长为372nm,样品用15％的三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白,离心取上清液进样。该法灵敏、简便、准确、喹乙醇在0．2—25．6μg／mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,检测限为0．04μg／g,平均回收率为85．93％-100．2％,不同浓度水平的日内和日间精密度测定结果均小于10％。以30mg／kg鱼体重的剂量口灌给药,通过对喹乙醇在鲤体内的血药浓度经时曲线过程分析,发现其符合-级吸收-室开放模型,主要动力学参数如下：消除相半衰期T1／2k5．876h,吸收相半衰期T1／2h1．466h,达峰时间Tp3．913h,达峰浓度Cmax30．25ug／／mL,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积AuC406．92mg／L．h;并对用药后组织药物浓度和单次、多次灌药后肌肉中喹乙醇的残留量及以原型排出体外的喹乙醇进行了测定,获得了单次灌药后鲤肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和多次灌药后鲤肌肉中喹乙醇的代谢规律,测得原型药物排出体外的量占总灌药量的6．9％。该项研究全面了解了喹乙醇在鱼体内的药动学特征,对确定合理的临床用药方案以及无公害水产品中药物残留监测提供了可靠的理论依据。     

冬虫夏草口服液游离氨基酸和微量元素的分析比较

目的：为了研究冬虫夏草口服液的有效成分和药用价值,测定冬虫夏草口服液中的游离氨基酸和微量元素的不同种类和含量。方法：采用安捷伦1200高效液相色谱仪,C18反相柱梯度分离,邻苯二甲醛一芴甲酯柱前自动衍生化,利用已知浓度氨基酸标准品进行外标法定量,根据已知浓度氨基酸标准品的峰面积与样品峰面积之比计算游离氨基酸的含量。结果：冬虫夏草口服液中含有23种游离氨基酸和18种微量元素,氨基酸总量在口服液中占0．892％,必需氨基酸在游离氨基酸总量中占53．1％;含量最高的游离氨基酸依次是赖氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸。结论：游离氨基酸是冬虫夏草口服液中重要的生物有效成分,为冬虫夏草口服液的药效提供了基础数据。     

气相色谱法测定人白蛋白制品中辛酸钠含量

本文报导用气相色谱法测定人白蛋白制品中辛酸钠含量。样品用正庚酸作内标,经酸化、氯仿抽提、浓缩后,通过ＨＰ－ＩＮＮＯＷａｘ柱,以氢火焰检测器测定。本法色谱峰形好,平均回收率及变异系数分别为９８．５４％、１．３９％。测定线性范围在１０７μｇ／０．２５ｍｌ～７２０μｇ／０．２５ｍｌ。最小检测限为７．４１０μｇ。实验操作简便,样品及溶剂用量少,可作为人白蛋白制品中辛酸钠含量的检测方法。     

GC 法测定丙酮酸乙酯注射液中EP 的含量

目的:建立测定丙酮酸乙酯的含量测定方法。方法:采用气相色谱法,以环戊酮为内标物。色谱柱为VARIAN CP7502(25 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),柱温115℃,进样口温度210℃,FID检测器温度210℃,氮气(载气)流量为30 ml.min-1;氢气(燃气)流量为40 ml.min-1;空气(助燃气)流量为400 ml.min-1,分流比1:100。结果:EP进样浓度在0.50035 mg.ml-1～9.0063 mg.ml-1范围内与峰面积积分呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.9996),平均加样回收率为99.76%,RSD为0.46%。结论:本方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好,可用于丙酮酸乙酯注射液的质量控制。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.