广东内伶仃岛夏季鸟类群落生物多样性的研究

于1997－1999年7月10－20日,对内伶仃岛夏季鸟类群落进行了调查和研究,结果表明,34种鸟类是该岛的优势种类,又次内伶仃岛划分为5个岛类群落,并对这5个夏季鸟类群落的组成,群落间的相似性和均匀度以及各群落生物多样性做了分析和讨论。     

三峡重庆库区不同鸟类群落的物种组成及多样性研究

1996～1997年,对三峡工程重庆库区的鸟类群落物种组成和种群数量进行了调查,共调查记录库区鸟类15目48科226种,数量18929只。用鸟类数量级划分、Sorensen相似性指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数分析库区各种生境鸟类群落物组成和物种多样性结果表明：1）库区天然林、人工林、灌草丛和水域生境中鸟类群落的组成与农田生境具有较高的相似性,尤以人工林和农田的相似性最高;2）库区人工林生境鸟类群落物种多样性最高;3）库区由于长期以来人类活动的影响,生境日趋单一,已逐渐形成一种以农田灌丛鸟类为主的鸟类生态系统。     

北京小龙门林区夏季鸟类群落物种组成及多样性变化

本文研究了小龙门林区夏季鸟类群落物种组成和多样性及其在 1999年～ 2 0 0 3年时间段内的变化。通过野外设置8块样地 ,采用网捕环志、望远镜观察、鸣叫识别三种方法统计 ,得到了以下结论 :山雀科 (Paridae)、长尾山雀科 (Aegithalidae)、翁鸟科 (Muscicapidae)为该地区的优势科 ,银喉长尾山雀 (Aegithaloscaudatus)、大山雀 (Parusmajor)、褐头山雀 (Parusmontanus)、冠纹柳莺 (Phylloscopusreguloides)为该地区的优势种 ;林区鸟类物种及生物多样性丰富 ,且在研究阶段内呈现逐渐增长的趋势 ;另外 ,通过分析也发现林区内空间距离是决定不同森林生境类型间鸟类群落相似程度的主要因素 ,这些结论对于太行山生态恢复工程如何继续实施有重要意义。     

北京紫竹院公园鸟类群落多样性分析

2004年9月～2005年6月在北京紫竹院公园进行鸟类群落调查.共记录到鸟类52种,隶属于11目26科.其中夏候鸟17种,冬候鸟4种,旅鸟28种,留鸟13种.鸟类的种类和数量随季节变化有明显差异.春、秋季鸟类种类丰富,秋季达到最高;冬季鸟类数量达到最高.优势种有灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus、麻雀Passer montanus、喜鹊Pica pica、厌喜鹊Cyanopica cyana、绿头鸭Anas platyrhynchos、鸳鸯Aix galericulata等.鸟类群落多样性指数和均匀度指数变化趋势类似,春、秋季高,冬季低,而优势度指数的变化是冬季最高,春、秋季低.鸟类多样性增加主要是由于春、秋季的候鸟迁徙.保证一定的公园面积、增加空间异质性、合理配置资源,有利于保护鸟类的多样性.     

山西庞泉沟自然保护区森林群落物种多样性

在对山西庞泉沟自然保护区森林群落进行数量分类的基础上,运用丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数对保护区内森林群落的物种多样性进行了研究,并对森林群落各层片之间的物种多样性进行了相关性分析.结果表明:(1)森林群落15个群丛的丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数能很好地反映各群丛多样性变化规律.(2)各群丛的丰富度指数和物种多样性指数总体上呈现草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层,草本层的均匀度最小,大多数森林群落乔木层和灌木层的均匀度比较接近.(3) Patrick指数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数以及Pielou指数和Alatalo指数之间表现极显著差异性(P＜0.01).(4)群丛3(华北落叶松-土庄绣线菊+美蔷薇-东方草莓群丛)灌木层和草本层之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.643,P＜0.05);群丛8(白桦+山杨-灰栒子+美蔷薇-中亚苔草群丛)乔木层和灌木层呈显著负相关(r=-0.458,P＜0.05),灌木层和草本层则呈显著正相关(r=0.404,P＜0.05);群丛11(白杄-中亚苔草+烟管头草)的乔木层和草本层之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.949,P＜0.05).     

四川荥经大相岭繁殖期鸟类多样性与群落结构

经过4年8次野外系统调查并综合有关文献,四川荥经大相岭分布有鸟类18目62科302种;其中留鸟189种(62.6％),夏候鸟65种(21.5％),冬候鸟28种(9.3％),旅鸟20种(6.6％);东洋界物种187种(61.9％),古北界物种85种(28.2％),广布种30种(9.9％);雀形目Passeriformes...     

陕西渭河平原地区鸟类物种多样性研究

1999年12月～2000年10月，按冬、春、夏、秋四季，在渭河谷地咸阳地区３个阶地上取有代表性的区域作样带调查，记录鸟类种类和数量，分析不同生境鸟类多样性及其变化规律。本次调查共记录到鸟类124种，隶属于15目35科79属。研究表明，该地区的鸟类总体α多样性水平较高，达3.2845，但不同季节各阶地的多样性水平不高；较高的β多样性指数反映了鸟类种类和组成在不同阶地间变化较大。阶地间多样性的差异表明我国渭河平原地区湿地对鸟类多样性有显著的影响，水是限制鸟类分布和栖息的重要因子。     

西洞庭湖鸟类物种多样性分析

2003年7月~2005年6月,按月对西洞庭湖的鸟类资源进行调查,共记录到鸟类198种,分属11目39科。其中雀形目和鹳形目占有绝对优势,分别占鸟类群落组成的40.9%和32.8%。各科中,鸭科种类最多,有26种。候鸟134种,占总数的67.7%。豆雁、绿翅鸭、罗纹鸭等为优势种。记录到包括白鹤、白尾海雕、黑鹳、东方白鹳等4种属国家Ⅰ级重点保护物种和大天鹅等21种国家Ⅱ级重点保护物种。对各季度的个体数、物种数和物种多样性指数进行年动态分析表明,个体数和物种数的年动态总体上相似,因受候鸟的影响,季节性明显,物种多样性指数年动态则存在差异。     

采煤沉陷对鸟类群落组成及多样性的影响

采煤沉陷改变了地貌景观,使鸟类的生境发生变化,进而影响鸟类群落多样性。我们于2013年11月—2014年10月在安徽省淮南潘集的采煤沉陷区不同沉陷程度的4种生境开展鸟类调查,研究采煤沉陷导致的生境变化对鸟类群落结构的影响。共记录到鸟类13目29科79种,其中留鸟32种(40.5%),冬候鸟19种(24.1%),夏候鸟25种(31.6%),优势种为灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus、喜鹊Pica pica、麻雀Passer montanus和家燕Hirundo rustica。随着采煤沉陷程度的增加,物种数、个体数量、群落密度表现出轻度沉陷区<中度沉陷区<重度沉陷区的规律,多样性指数为轻度沉陷区<重度沉陷区<中度沉陷区,在地表沉陷过程中,鸟类群落结构具有不稳定性。各类生境中鸟类群落的物种组成变化明显,随着沉陷程度的增加,鸟类群落物种丰富度增加。     

Ranking birdstrike risk: A case study at Huanghua International Airport, Changsha, China

Bird-aircraft collisions (birdstrikes) pose a major threat to aviation safety worldwide. The bird distribution at the airfield of Huanghua International Airport in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, was investigated between December of 2006 and December of 2008, to study birdstrike avoidance and aviation safety. A total of 60 bird species was found and their risks were assessed by a birdstrike ranking assessment system. The highest-risk species were Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), Red-rumped swallow (H. daurica), Grey-headed lapwing (Vanellus cinereus), Pintail snipe (Gallinago stenura), Oriental skylark (Alauda gulgula), Little egret (Egretta garzetta), and Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), whereas the lowest-risk species were Black-capped kingfisher (Halcyon pileata) and White-throated kingfisher (H. smyrnensis). Through a hierarchical cluster analysis, all species were classified as four groups: (1) the extremely high-risk group with a risk level between 84% and 100%, which includes bird species ranked from the 1st to the 16th, and is the priori group in birdstrike prevention; (2) the high-risk group with a risk level between 71% and 81%, which includes bird species ranked from the 17th to the 28th, and is the sub-prior group in birdstrikes; (3) the sub-high-risk group with a risk level between 60% and 69%, which includes bird species ranked from the 29th to the 43rd, and is the concern group in birdstrike prevention; (4) the low-risk group with a risk level between 60% and 69%, which includes bird species ranked from the 44th to the 60th, and is the negligible group in birdstrike prevention. Finally, the first 16 bird species with high-risk values, which are the main focus of birdstrike prevention, were categorized as six prevention groups by a hierarchical cluster analysis. Therefore, this study provides targeted implementations for birdstrike prevention at Huanghua International Airport, Changsha.     

Ranking birdstrike risk: A case study at Huanghua International Airport, Changsha, China

Bird-aircraft collisions (birdstrikes) pose a major threat to aviation safety worldwide. The bird distribution at the airfield of Huanghua International Airport in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, was investigated between December of 2006 and December of 2008, to study birdstrike avoidance and aviation safety. A total of 60 bird species was found and their risks were assessed by a birdstrike ranking assessment system. The highest-risk species were Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), Red-rumped swallow (H. daurica), Grey-headed lapwing (Vanellus cinereus), Pintail snipe (Gallinago stenura), Oriental skylark (Alauda gulgula), Little egret (Egretta garzetta), and Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), whereas the lowest-risk species were Black-capped kingfisher (Halcyon pileata) and White-throated kingfisher (H. smyrnensis). Through a hierarchical cluster analysis, all species were classified as four groups: (1) the extremely high-risk group with a risk level between 84% and 100%, which includes bird species ranked from the 1st to the 16th, and is the priori group in birdstrike prevention; (2) the high-risk group with a risk level between 71% and 81%, which includes bird species ranked from the 17th to the 28th, and is the sub-prior group in birdstrikes; (3) the sub-high-risk group with a risk level between 60% and 69%, which includes bird species ranked from the 29th to the 43rd, and is the concern group in birdstrike prevention; (4) the low-risk group with a risk level between 60% and 69%, which includes bird species ranked from the 44th to the 60th, and is the negligible group in birdstrike prevention. Finally, the first 16 bird species with high-risk values, which are the main focus of birdstrike prevention, were categorized as six prevention groups by a hierarchical cluster analysis. Therefore, this study provides targeted implementations for birdstrike prevention at Huanghua International Airport, Changsha.     

功能、谱系多样性在机场鸟类群落研究中的应用——以扬州泰州国际机场为例

随着航空业的发展,野生动物与飞机之间的冲突愈发密集,机场鸟类群落多样性研究引起了大量关注。研究鸟类群落对生境类型的使用状况,可以掌握生境类型与鸟击风险的潜在关系,为机场环境改造提供理论依据。本研究于2019年7月至2021年11月,采用样点法对扬州泰州机场及周边8 km范围内的农田、湿地、林地和城镇4种生境中30个样点的鸟类群落进行调查。利用鸟类群落多样性指数,包括丰富度、多度、香农威纳多样性指数、辛普森多样性指数以及均匀度指数来表征群落的物种多样性,以及功能和谱系多样性,阐明机场周边4种生境的鸟类群落多样性差异。同时,基于多度加权的平均成对功能距离（MFD）和平均成对谱系距离（MPD）来表征群落的功能和谱系结构,探究群落构建机制,量化各多样性指标间的相关性。研究共记录扬州泰州国际机场鸟类88种,分别隶属于14目36科,目、科中数量最多的为雀形目（Passeriformes）和鹬科（Scolopacidae）。谱系和功能多样性在生境间差异显著,功能分散度在农田最高,城镇最低;谱系多样性指数在城镇最高,湿地最低。标准化效应值分析表明,随机生态过程影响了湿地鸟类群落功能和谱系的构建过程,农...     

南京江心洲鸟类群落特征

2004～2006年,分冬夏两季对南京江心洲4种典型生境(居民区、农田区、林区及湿地区)的鸟类资源进行了调查。共记录鸟类67种,隶属10目25科。对冬夏两季不同生境中鸟类群落的密度、现存生物量、多样性指数、均匀度、优势度的对比研究表明,冬季鸟类密度、物种多样性和均匀度均高于夏季,而优势度、现存生物量则夏季高于冬季。在不同生境中,林区鸟类密度、多样性指数最高;居民区优势度最高;均匀度指数冬季林区最高,夏季居民区最高。     

四川南充高坪机场秋冬季节鸟类多样性与鸟撞预防

2006年9月-2007年2月,对四川南充高坪机场及其周围4种生境(草地、农耕区、村囤、松林)的鸟类进行调查,并进行鸟类多样性指数分析.结果共记录到鸟类81种,隶属于13目37科;秋冬季农耕区和村囤的鸟类密度、数量明显比草地和松林高;机场草地冬季鸟类的密度明显比秋季高.结合鸟类的生活习性及其栖息生境、Ⅳ值、分布广度和在各生境中的优势密度和总范围里的密度,秋季对鸟撞最具危险的是白鹭、家鸽、山斑鸠、白鹡鸰、白头鹎、小云雀、小鹀等;冬季对鸟撞最具威胁的是家鸽、小云雀、小鹀、金翅雀、白头鹎、水鹨等.并相应提出了相应一些的预防措施,如减少结实的植物、剪草降低草高、控制土壤动物的密度等.     

黑龙江大沾河湿地自然保护区鸟类群落结构调查及其多样性分析

采用样线法与网捕法对黑龙江大沾河自然保护区的鸟类资源进行调查,并计算其物种多样性、均匀性及不同生境群落间的相似性.结果表明:大沾河自然保护区共有鸟类16目39科203种,其中雀形目鸟类16科92种,非雀形目鸟类111种,种类较多的科有鹟科、雀科、鸭科、鹬科等.保护区分布的鸟类中,古北种占绝对优势(65.52%),广布种次之(30.54%),东洋界物种极少(3.94%).4种群落类型中,多样性指数排序:湿地>林地>农田>居民点;均匀性指数排序:湿地>林地>农田>居民点;相似性排序:居民点-农田(S=0.25),湿地-林地(S=0.23),农田-湿地(S=0.14)和居民点-林地(S=0.07).     

天际岭森林公园夏季鸟类群落调查及多样性研究

2003年夏季,对天际岭国家森林公园的鸟类群落进行了调查,共发现有鸟类39种,隶属于11目26科34属.通过对不同地区鸟类群落的比较研究,结果表明植物群落的垂直结构和水平格局对鸟类群落的多样性具有直接影响.     

Fuel-Reduction Treatment Effects on Avian Community Structure and Diversity

Abstract: We assessed responses of the breeding bird community to mechanical thinning and prescribed surface fire, alone and in combination, between 2000 and 2006 in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in northern Arizona, USA. Fuel-reduction treatments did not affect species richness or evenness, and effects on density of 5 commonly detected species varied among species. Populations of some species, such as the western bluebird (Sialia mexicana), increased following burning treatments, whereas others, such as the mountain chickadee (Poecile gambeli), decreased in response to thinning treatments. Our results also identified a temporal response component, where avian community composition and structure changed synchronously on all treatments over time. Given the modest effects these small-scale fuel-reduction treatments had on avian composition and the specific density responses of particular species, our results suggest that land managers should consider implementing prescribed surface fire after thinning projects, where appropriate.     

南宁吴圩国际机场两栖爬行动物初步调查

通过南宁吴圩国际机场对机场飞行区4类生境中两栖爬行类的调杏,记录到3目11科22种.较为丰富的两栖爬行动物种类和数量成为机场鸟类重要的食物源之一,吸引了捕食性鸟类前来栖息和觅食.分析了解两栖爬行动物情况,对于全面了解亚热带和北热带地区的机场鸟类的食物源和活动规律具有十分重要的意义.并提出建议在今后对于鸟撞防治研究应当开展对两栖爬行类作为鸟类食物源这方面的调查研究工作.