栀子蓝色素摇瓶生产条件的优化研究

对栀子蓝色素摇瓶发酵生产的培养基配方进行了优化研究。结果表明,在栀子基质溶液中添加１．５％的可溶性淀粉、０．７５％的胰蛋白胨和０．１０％的ＭｇＳＯ４,可使栀子蓝色素的摇瓶产量提高１５．６％。     

一株产蓝色素菌株生物学特性及色素基本性质的研究

对一株从土壤中筛选的产蓝色素链霉菌-ZLT菌株进行了生物学特性和色素基本特性的研究。根据其形态、培养特征和生理生化特性分析,该产蓝色素菌株为链霉菌属,命名为链霉菌-ZLT。与现有报道的放线菌蓝色素相比,该色素纯度较高,无毒副作用,初步认为该色素为一种新的天然蓝色素。     

一种放线菌发酵产天然蓝色素的研究*

对一种放线菌产生天然蓝色素的发酵条件作了详细探讨。单因素发酵试验表明 ,碳源以2 %的蔗糖最佳 ;氮源以 0.1%的KNO₃为最好。正交试验表明 ,蓝色素发酵最佳配方为 :4%蔗糖 +0 1 %KNO₃+0.075 %盐 +1 0μg/mLFeSO₄。最佳培养温度为 3 0℃ ;最佳初始pH为 7 4。并测定了罐发酵过程中的溶解氧、pH变化及碳、氮的利用情况。用HPLC法对该色素的各成分进行了分离 ,结果显示 ,该蓝色素至少含有以放线紫红素     

栀子色素研究的进展

从栀子果中可提制出黄色、蓝色、天蓝色、红色等色素。本文详尽评述了栀子黄和栀子蓝的提制和纯化分离的各种技术,并指出了今后的发展方向。     

一种放线菌发醇产天然蓝色素的研究

对一种放线菌产生天然蓝色素的发醇条件作为详细探讨,单因素发醇试验表明,碳源以2％的蔗糖最佳,氮源以0．1％的KNO3为最好,正交试验表明,蓝色素发醇最佳配方为：4％蔗糖＋0.1%KNO3 0.075%盐＋10ug/mLFeSO4。最佳培养温度为30℃,最佳初始pH为7．4,并测定了罐发醇过程中的溶解氧,pH变化及碳,氮的利用情况,用HPLC法对该色素的各成分进行了分离,结果显示,该蓝色素至少含有以放线紫红素为代表的5种不同的成分。     

天然蓝色素（Natural blue pigment）产生菌LS—1的初步分类鉴定

目前,国内外使用的色素有化学合成色素和天然色素2种,均已广泛应用于食品着色剂、日用化妆品及饲料添加剂等方面［1］。随着人们对合成色素危害性认识的逐步加深,天然色素的优点越来越受到重视。然而,目前国内外尚未见通过微生物发酵大量生产天然蓝色素的报道。本试验所筛选的产蓝色素菌种在高氏一号培养基上生长良好,并且有可溶性色素渗入培养基,色素水溶性极好,颜色鲜艳,稳定性较强,无毒无致畸变作用,是一种天然蓝色素[2]。为开发这一重要天然色素资源,对孩LS－1菌株进行了初步分类鉴定。1材料与方法1．1菌株待鉴菌LS—1,为…     

除虫菊内生镰孢菌Y2发酵条件优化及其抑菌活性

从除虫菊叶中筛选到1株内生真菌Fusarium sp．Y2,对其进行了基础培养基的筛选及培养条件优化研究。结果表明,Y2菌株的较佳发酵培养基为：每L培养基中含有麦芽糖10g、蛋白胨6g、KH2PO42g、KCl 1g、FeSO40．02g、MgSO4·7H2O1g;较佳发酵条件为：初始pH8．5,250mL三角瓶装液100mL,摇床转速180r／min,培养温度28．0℃,接种量21％。在此条件下与原始发酵条件相比,Y2菌株发酵液对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长抑制率达98．6％,提高了6．8％;对其孢子萌发抑制率达95．4％,提高了16．1％;其茵丝生长量（干质量）达8．975mg／mL,增加了7．8％。     

利用粉丝废液固定化红曲发酵生产红曲色素的研究

对以粉丝生产废液为主要培养基,以聚乙烯醇海藻酸钠双载体固定红曲Monascus purpureus,采用气升式生物反应器重复发酵生产红曲色素进行了考察研究．试验结果表明：粉丝生产废液经适当补加营养盐可作为发酵生产红曲色素的良好培养基,其最佳发酵条件为：发酵培养基初始pH值为5—6;发酵温度为30℃;固定化细胞粒子接入量为20％,通气量为0．35vvm,发酵周期为50h左右。     

白腐真菌AH28-2菌株发酵合成漆酶初步研究

从224个野外采集的真菌样品中筛选分离到一株产漆酶活性较高菌株AH28－2,经初步鉴定为白腐真菌,采用单因子相互比较法,研究了该菌株最适发酵产酶条件。应用添加有1g／LKraft木素的液体发酵培养基,接种量5％（V／V）,初始pH8．5,装液量为50％,28℃、150r/min摇瓶振荡培养4－5d,漆酶酶活水平达20184IU／L。     

出芽短梗霉色素变异菌株R45的普鲁蓝糖发酵研究

用正交实验确定了出芽短梗霉（Aureobasidiumpullulans）色素变异菌株R45的发酵优化条件。在此条件下,摇瓶培养的普鲁蓝糖产量最高可达82．4g／L,转化率为54．9％。实验表明,CaCO3是多糖发酵的重要影响因素,多糖的合成与发酵pH值及细胞形态密切相关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.