华南大戟科植物的增补

作者清理采自中国南部大戟科标本过程,发现一些需增补的分类群,现报道其中２个新种：分布于广东封开县的印禅铁苋菜Ａｃａｌｙｐｈａｗｕｉ和印禅三宝木Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｓｔｅｍｏｎｗｕｉ;２个新纪录种：分布于云南勐海县的短序白桐树Ｃｌａｏｘｙｌｏｎｓｕｂｓｅｓｓｉｌｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ和生长于海南南沙群岛的南沙大戟Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｒｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ;１个近代生长于广东、贵州和四川的归化种－桃叶猩猩草Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ,而将依据四川渡口的标本命名的柳叶大戟Ｅ．ｅｐｉｌｉｂｉｉｆｏｌｉａ作为它的新异名．     

泥炭藓植物数量分类的研究

本文用聚类分析和主成分分析方法对泥炭藓属的14个种及一个变种进行了数量分类的研究。通过对15个OTU×42个性状的原始数值矩阵的标准化及复杂运算后,其结果表明:1.由聚类过程所得到的树系图,并结合生物分类学的实际意义,将泥炭藓属分为6个组,即Section Sphagnum、Sect.Squarrosa、Sect.Acutifolia、Sect.Subse-cunda、Sect.Polyclada及Sect.Cuspidata。其结果与经典分类的结果基本上是一致的。2.通过对泥炭藓主要性状的因子分析和主成分排序,初步反映了各性状所占的信息比例,找出了泥炭藓植物分类中所应依据的重要性状。3.通过对泥炭藓植物的排序,进一步阐明了泥炭藓属内的各个种之间的系统位置。本文首次将数量分类用于泥炭藓植物,通过研究,认为该方法用于其它苔藓植物也是可行的,这对苔藓植物定量地、准确地表现分类群的系统位置及亲缘关系,将有一定的参考价值。     

宁夏大戟科植物分布新资料

报道了宁夏植物分布的1个新记录种黑水大戟.该种植物系宁夏首次发现.     

中国原产石蒜属植物的数量分类和主成分分析

应用数量分类学方法对中国原产石蒜属13种2变种的35个性状进行Q、R聚类分析和主成分分析,探讨国产石蒜属植物种间的亲缘关系,并对分类性状进行评价。研究结果显示,Q型聚类可分为2个大类和8小类,安徽石蒜与长筒石蒜的亲缘关系很近,认为将其作为长筒石蒜的变种更为合适,同时支持玫瑰石蒜、红蓝石蒜、乳白石蒜、江苏石蒜、稻草石蒜的杂交起源观点。R型聚类可分为7个组;经主成分分析,35个性状可综合为5个主成分,其累积贡献率达82.55%,根据这5个主成分与性状间的相关性,选出影响比较大的16个性状,其中鳞茎形状、花被片宽和雄蕊长/花被片长的比值最为重要,可作为大类群划分的依据,而花被片是否具条纹、花丝颜色、花色、花葶粗、幼叶尖端及边缘颜色、种子有无等可作为物种划分的重要依据。     

中国栎属植物的数量分类研究

在全面衡量中国栎属49种4变种性状特征的基础上,观测了25个定性性状和18个数量性状。通过聚类分析,可以将中国栎属分为5个特征明显的表征群,即5组:麻栎组(Section Aegilops)、槲栎组(Section Quercus)、高山栎组(Section Brachylepides)、巴东栎组(Section Engleriana)和橿子栎组(Section Echinolepides)。在主成分分析中,虽然性状的累积贡献率增长不明显,前3个主成分累积贡献率仅有50.4%,但结果仍然显示出和聚类分析同样的结果。说明栎属的分类性状仍存在主要方面,只不过在演化过程中由于性状变异的多样性,产生了多个不同的表征类群。分析结果对我们解决个别有疑问种的分类地位也有启示作用。因此,数量分类方法对解决栎属组间及种间的分类问题有重要的意义。     

广西新纪录的大戟科植物

<正> 广西生长的大戟科植物,国内、外学者曾予研究;作者编写中国植物志过程,查阅广西植物研究所植物标本室(IGB)和广西中医药研究所植物标本室(GXMI)收藏的近年在广西石灰岩地区采集的一批标本,其中一些种类,对广西植物区系的探讨,具有一定意义。现报道广西石灰岩山地生长的3个我国新纪录种。     

九寨沟自然保护区森林植物的数量分类

九寨沟自然保护区森林植物的数量分类杨远兵刘玉成方任吉（西南师范大学生命科学系,重庆６３０７１５）ＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＣｌａｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＦｏｒｅｓｔＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＪｉｕｚｈａｉｇｏｕＮａｔｕｒｅＲｅｓｅｒｖｅ．ＹａｎｇＹ...     

十五种叶形吸虫的数值分类研究

本文对中国15种叶形吸虫成虫的12项成虫形态特征进行了聚类分析和主成分分析,结果表明:运用8种不同的聚类方法所得到的谱系分枝图基本一致,即15种叶形吸虫明显地可分为两大亚群,它们分别与Phyllodistomum和Catoptroides亚属相对应。主成分分析所得到的坐标定位图则进一步证实了这一结果,并且显示了在叶形属吸虫中,成虫体形因素、卵黄腺类型及生殖腺相互位置等特征是该属吸虫的主要分类依据。     

百合品种间的数量分类研究

根据 4 8个形态学性状 ,应用聚类分析将 9个不同来源的百合品种分为 3个类群 :亚洲系、东方系和麝香系。并显示了东方系和麝香系亲缘关系较近 ,符合北美百合协会对百合品种的分类与百合的育种历史、演化关系。文中将 4 8个形态学性状数据集划分为营养器官性状与生殖器官性状两个数据子集。单独采用营养器官性状子集进行聚类分析时 ,出现较大的差异 ,而对生殖器官性状子集的分析结果较为合理     

The skin of primates. XLIV. Numerical taxonomy of primate skin

Data on 84 characteristics of the skin of 36 species of primates were extracted from a series of articles describing the histological and histochemical properties of the skin of primates. The data were subjected to a cluster analysis. The results were in reasonably good agreement with orthodox primate taxonomies although some exceptions were apparent. The species clustered into four main groups approximately comparable to Prosimii, Cercopithecoidea, Ceboidea, and Hominoidea. The internal arrangements of the Prosimii, Cercopithecoidea, and Hominoidea are commensurate with standard taxonomic practice. Within the Ceboidea, however, the Atelinae and Alouattinae tend to group with the Hominoidea, Aotus and Saimiri show variable placements, and Callimico groups with the Callithricidae.     

中国薹草属黑穗薹草组的数量分类研究

对中国薹草属黑穗薹草组Sect.Racemosae及外类群冻原薹草组Sect.Frigidae共20种3变种采用38个形态特征进行了数量分类研究。聚类分析结果表明,黑穗薹草组应是一个自然分类群;支持了《中国植物志》将两对相似种：乌拉草（Carer meyeriana）与红原薹草（Carer hongyuanensis）、膨囊薹草（Carex lehmanii）与五台山薹草（Carex montis-wutaii）分别处理为种的观点。主成分分析结果表明,本组的分类特征较为稳定与集中,本组主成分分析散点图与聚类分析的分类结果大致吻合,并表明有关小坚果、果囊、鳞片、主茎叶和苞片的性状在本组的分类中起到了主要作用。     

A method of deriving subgroups of a population: a study of craniofacial taxonomy

Subgroups within a population are often difficult to discover and describe except by subjective methods. In this study, cluster analysis (numerical taxonomy) methods were used on selected craniofacial measurements obtained from 308 North American White children of both sexes in the age range 6–18 to derive categories of skeletal facial types. Two different cluster analysis approaches were used in conjunction with a separate overall evaluation of facial balance, an independent measure of maxillo-mandibular relationship (AB/FOP), and a traditional classification (Angle). The categories derived rest on corroborative and overlapping evidence from each of those methods. The categories were examined to determine if it is possible to classify a sample by means of cluster analysis, the size and discreteness of each class, how they compare with the Angle classification of the same sample, and the percentage of individuals that may be identified unequivocally by this classification scheme. Five categories were obtained. Labeled Category A — Category E, they show some correspondence to the Angle Classes I, II, and III, but categories A, B, and C appear to be subgroups, heretofore undetected, of Angle Class II. Categories D and E correspond to Angle Classes I and III, respectively. The categories are more realistic and informative than the Angle classes. Each category is reported along with its distinguishing skeletal characteristics.     

卫矛属刺果卫矛组的数量分类学分析

通过对1500余份标本的测量和统计,结合文献和野外考察,选取了30个形态学性状,对卫矛属（Euonymus）刺果卫矛组（sect. Echinococcus）13个种进行了数量分类学分析。聚类分析结果表明,美国卫矛（E.americanus）和陈谋卫矛（E.chenmoui）的亲缘关系最近,不支持Blakelock将本组划分为两个系的观点。本组中系统位置有争议的物种：厚叶卫矛（E.hemsleyanus）与紫刺卫矛（E.angustatus）、棘刺卫矛（E.echinatus）和无柄卫矛（E.subsessilis）、刺猬卫矛（E.hystrix）和蒙自卫矛（E.mengtseanus）、刺果卫矛（E.acanthocarpus）和腾冲卫矛（E.tengyuehensis）,在聚类图中显示出较远的亲缘关系,通过方差分析对这些物种间有较明显差异的性状进行进一步分析。结果表明,这些物种在叶尖角度、叶长、侧脉与主脉的夹角、花序梗长等性状上均具有显著差异。分析结果支持将蒙自卫矛与腾冲卫矛排除出刺果卫矛组,支持厚叶卫矛和紫刺卫矛作为独立的种,由于在交叉分布地域没有足够的研究资料,棘刺卫矛和无柄卫矛的系统位置有待进一步确认。因子分析结果表明,本实验所用性状间的独立性较强,叶长、侧脉与主脉的夹角、花序分支数、果实带刺的长度等18个性状在本组中具有重要的分类学意义。     

黑粉菌属的聚类分析

本文对我国黑粉菌属(Ustilago)51个样本,选取33个形态学和生物学编码性状进行了类平均法的系统聚类分析。根据聚类分析结果,建议将我国黑粉菌属分为3个表观群(Phenons);茭白黑粉菌目前以放在黑粉菌属内为妥;还认为 Ustilago ocrearum 是 Ustilagokoenigiae 的变种;Ustilago kusanoi 是 Ustilago minima 的变种;Us(?)ilago aoenoe 和 Usti-lago nuda 是两个不同种。     

A Revision of Chinese Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae)

The present paper is the outcome of a taxonomic study of Chinese Phyllanthus plants in our flora. Phyllanthus is one of the largest genera in Euphorbiaceae, and is distributed in whole China except for the northwest, extending from 92° to 124° E and 18° to 41°N. It includes 6 subgenera, 7 sections, 33 species and 4 varieties, of which 1 subgenus and 5 species are described as new, and 1 new name and 9 synonyms are proposed.     

三种菟丝子的数值分类学

选取３３个形态学性状,应用不加权虎术平均配对法,对惧到的３种菟丝子的２４个居群进行了数值分类学研究,结果表明：（１）日本菟丝子与大花菟丝子亲缘关系较近,两者与中国菟丝子之间关系较疏远,聚类结果献技Ｙｕｎｃｋｅｒ对菟丝子属的分类处理;（２）日本菟丝子和大花菟丝子种内都存在遗传多样性,根据聚类结果将日本菟丝子分成２个变种,将大花菟丝子分成３个变种。     

Variation in the structure and development of foliar stomata in the Euphorbiaceae

The structure and ontogeny of foliar stomata were studied in 50 species of 28 genera belonging to 17 tribes of the family Euphorbiaceae. The epidermal cells are either polygonal, trapezoidal, or variously elongated in different directions and diffusely arranged. The epidermal anticlinal walls are either straight, arched or sinuous. The architecture of cuticular striations varies with species. The mature stomata are paracytic (most common), anisocytic, anomocytic and diacytic. Occasionally a stoma may be tetracytic, cyclocytic or with a single subsidiary cell. The ontogeny of paracytic stomata is mesogenous dolabrate or trilabrate, mesoperigenous dolabrate; that of diacytic stomata is mesogenous dolabrate, whereas that of anisocytic stomata is mesogenous trilabrate; rarely an anisocytic stoma may be mesoperigenous. Hemiparacytic stomata are mesoperigenous unilabrate; tetracytic stomata are mesoperigenous dolabrate and anomocytic stomata perigenous. Abnormalities encountered include four types of contiguous stomata, stomata with a single or both guard cells aborted and persistent stomatal initials. Cytoplasmic connections between the guard cells of two adjacent stomata or the guard cell of a stoma and an adjacent epidermal/subsidiary cell, or both types occurring in a species, were noticed. The stomatal development, distribution, diversity and basic stomatal type with reference to systematics are discussed.     

大戟科叶下珠属花粉形态的研究

对叶下珠属Phyllanthus Linn.13种植物花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察。研究表明,本属花粉虽然在大小、形状和外壁纹饰等方面有不同程度的差异,但差异最大的还是在于萌发孔类型上。可以把本属花粉分为3孔沟,4－5孔沟,多孔沟,散沟（沟短而纺锤形或近圆形）和散孔等类型。这些萌发孔类型虽然与李秉滔在中国植物志第44卷中所划分的组不很吻合,但或多或少有一定的相关性,并且对于属下的分类具有一定的意义。在外壁纹饰方面,均为网状纹饰,可分为具粗网眼,细网眼和中等网眼等几种类型。但纹饰类型在组间或种间的差异不大明显。