High Efficiency Selection of Full-length cDNA by Improved Biotinylated Cap Trapper

We report here an improved protocol for the preparation of full-lengthcDNA libraries that improves the previously reported method(Carninci, P., Kvam, K., Kitamura, A. et al. 1996, Genomics,137, 327–336), that allows long cDNAs to be cloned moreefficiently. One potential disadvantage of the original biotinylatedCAP trapper protocol is the exposure of mRNA to chemical andenzymatic attacks during the biotinylation of the cap structure,before the first-strand cDNA synthesis (and selection of full-lengthcDNA by biotinylated cap). Here, we show that the biotinylationof the cap structure is very specific and effective even ifbiotinylation is performed on the mRNA/cDNA hybrid producedby the first-strand cDNA synthesis reaction. Consequently, mRNAremains protected from chemical and enzymatic degradation duringthe overnight biotinylation step, thus making it possible toselect full-length cDNAs of longer average size. We herein reportthe efficiency and specificity of the new version of the protocolfor cap structure biotinylation and capture of full-length cDNA.     

cDNA文库的构建策略及其应用

cDNA文库在基因分离和克隆中具有重要的作用。从cDNA文库中能筛选出所需要的目的基因,并直接用于该目的基因的表达。cDNA文库是发现新基因和研究基因功能的基础工具。随着分子生物学技术的发展。cDNA文库构建方法有了很大改进和提高,就cDNA文库的构建方法及其应用进行综述。     

一种cDNA克隆的简易方法

构建了一种适用于克隆cDNA的双分子质粒载体。使用此载体,以载体引物合成ds-cDNA后,用连接酶将cDNA-载体重组子自身环化,转化宿主菌。本文以此方法构建了人胚胎组织cDNA文库,转化菌中约50％含有cDNA插入片段。此方法大大简化了cDNA克隆步骤,提高了克隆效率。     

Screening for recombinant glutathione transferases active with monochlorobimane

A rapid and facile colony assay has been developed for catalytically active enzymes in combinatorial cDNA libraries of mutated glutathione transferases (GST), expressed in Escherichia coli. The basis of the method is the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with the fluorogenic substrate monochlorobimane (MCB). This screening method makes it possible to isolate and characterize one recombinant clone that is active with MCB among thousands of inactive variants. Colonies containing GSTs that catalyze the conjugation of GSH with MCB display fluorescence under long-wavelength UV light. The fluorescence is visible instantly. One rat and 11 human GSTs representing four distinct enzyme classes were studied, and all except human GST T1-1 gave rise to fluorescent colonies. The colony assay based on MCB can consequently be broadly applied for identifying active GSTs both after subcloning of wild-type enzymes and in the screening of mutant libraries. Populations of bacteria expressing GSTs can also be analyzed by flow cytometry.     

中国林蛙皮cDNA文库的构建

目的：为研究林蛙皮抗菌肽,筛选、克隆及表达相关抗菌功能基因,构建林蛙皮cDNA文库。方法：提取林蛙皮总RNA后,利用V—gene纯化试剂盒纯化mRNA,RT-PCR合成双链cDNA;取10ng／μLcDNA按照不同比例连接到入噬菌体载体,以选择最佳连接比例。结果：获得克隆总数为1．2×10^5的林蛙皮cDNA文库,重组率为99．4％。结论：所建立的cDNA文库可用于进一步筛选、克隆抗菌功能新基因。     

利用SMART方法快速克隆异黄酮代谢途径多基因的研究

采用改进的酸酚法提取高质量的大豆叶片RNA,利用SMART思想和方法构建大豆叶片全长cDNA文库,直接以一级库液稀释液为模版进行PCR,快速克隆得到异黄酮代谢途径相关的5个基因。与传统的从DNA、RNA出发克隆基因,以及构建文库再进行基因筛选的克隆方法相比,该方法得到的基因均为全长基因,适用于快速、简便的进行多基因全长克隆。     

Library preparation methods for next-generation sequencing: Tone down the bias

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has caused a revolution in biology. NGS requires the preparation of libraries in which (fragments of) DNA or RNA molecules are fused with adapters followed by PCR amplification and sequencing. It is evident that robust library preparation methods that produce a representative, non-biased source of nucleic acid material from the genome under investigation are of crucial importance. Nevertheless, it has become clear that NGS libraries for all types of applications contain biases that compromise the quality of NGS datasets and can lead to their erroneous interpretation. A detailed knowledge of the nature of these biases will be essential for a careful interpretation of NGS data on the one hand and will help to find ways to improve library quality or to develop bioinformatics tools to compensate for the bias on the other hand. In this review we discuss the literature on bias in the most common NGS library preparation protocols, both for DNA sequencing (DNA-seq) as well as for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Strikingly, almost all steps of the various protocols have been reported to introduce bias, especially in the case of RNA-seq, which is technically more challenging than DNA-seq. For each type of bias we discuss methods for improvement with a view to providing some useful advice to the researcher who wishes to convert any kind of raw nucleic acid into an NGS library.     

发现新基因的高效方法——cDNA文库的复性式均一化技术

由复性式均一化技术制作的均一化cDNA文库（equalized cDNA library,normalized cDNA library）是近年来发展起来的一种获得EST、发现新基因的高效平台。本文就该技术的原理、方法比较、存在问题和展望进行了阐述。Abstract:The cDNA library normalized by reassociation is a newly-developed,effective platform for EST acquisition and gene discovery.This papper presents the principle,procedure,comparison,deficiencies,application and future of the technique of the normalization.     

Construction of a Plant Transformation-ready Expression cDNA Library for Thellungiella halophila Using Recombination Cloning

Salt cress(Thellungiella halophila),a close relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L.,is an extremophile that isadapted to harsh saline environments.To mine salt-tolerance genes from this species,we constructed an entry cDNA libraryfrom the salt cress plant treated with salt-stress by using a modified cDNA synthesis and an improved recombination-assisted cDNA library construction method that is completely free of manipulations involving restriction enzymes andDNA ligase.This cDNA library construction procedure is significantly simplified and the quality of the cDNA library isimproved.This entry cDNA library was subsequently shuttled into the destination binary vector pCB406 designed for planttransformation and expression via recombination-assisted cloning.The library is plant transformation ready and is used totransform Arabidopsis on a large scale in order to create a large collection of transgenic lines for functional gene mining.     

正常人肝细胞cDNA文库的构建及应用分析

目的利用Gubler-Hoffman法构建了正常人肝细胞的cDNA文库以筛选肝细胞内部与乙肝病毒感染相关的基因。方法首先采用TRIzol法提取正常人肝细胞总RNA,纯化mRNA。逆转录合成单链cDNA,然后合成双链cDNA。用Spin Column回收0.4kb以上片段,然后与Vector pAP3neo进行连接,利用电刺激转化法导入E.coliDH10B,利用PCR法检测文库的重组效率。结果扩增后的文库重组率为93.3%。结论已经成功地构建了正常人肝组织的cDNA文库,该文库可用于筛选与乙肝相关的基因及用于基因芯片的制作。     

表达序列标签及其应用

表达序列标签（EST）在基因组作图,克隆基因,新基因的识别,蛋白质组研究等许多方面具有重要的用途。本介绍了EST的制备方法,以及构建均一化cDNA库的方法,并介绍了EST在以上各方面的应用。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒腺cDNA文库的构建

从 2 5只虎纹捕鸟蛛 (Selenocosmia huwena)中得到约 0 .6g左右的毒腺 ,从中提取出5μg m RNA.以此 m RNA为模板 ,经反转录合成双链 c DNA.再经包装成 c DNA文库 .文库的滴度达到 3.2× 1 0 7pfu/m L