中国北方汉族人群EPO基因SNP/T3541G多态性研究

目的:研究促红细胞生成素(EPO)基因T3541G单核苷酸多态性(SNP/C1772T)在中国北方汉族人群中的分布特征.方法:通过PCR-RFLP实验方法,解析206名中国北方汉族人群EPO基因SNP/T3541G.结果:中国北方汉族人辟EPO基因SNP/T3541G多态位点的基因型符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传...     

中国汉族人群CYP4F3基因多态性的研究

目的:研究CYP4F3基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)在中国汉族人群中的分布,为进一步研究该基因群体遗传学特征及与疾病易感性的相关性提供更为详实的数据。方法:对CYP4F3基因进行重测序,构建连锁不平衡模式,选择标签SNP在192例北京和424例广州汉族个体中进行基因分型。结果:CYP4F3基因重测序共检出30个SNP,连锁不平衡分析显示广州和北京地区人群的连锁不平衡模式不同,但选择的8个标签SNP的等位基因和基因型频率分布在2个人群中的差异无统计学意义。结论:中国北京地区汉族与广州地区汉族人群CYP4F3基因多态性无显著差异,但不同种族间存在差异。     

贵州汉族人群HLA-DM基因多态性分析

为了探讨贵州汉族人群HLA-DM基因多态性的分布情况, 采用PCR-RFLP法对125 例贵州汉族人进行HLA-DM基因分型。结果显示, 贵州汉族人群DMA*0101~0103等位基因频率依次是0.720、0.244、0.036, DMB*0101~0104等位基因频率分布依次是0.620、0.156、0.188和0.036; 贵州汉族人群中DMA的基因型以DMA*0101/0101和0101/0102为主, 而DMB的基因型以DMB*0101/0101、0101/0102和0101/0103为主。结果表明, HLA-DM基因多态性具有地区性、民族性的遗传特征。     

中国成都汉族与泰国人群Nogo蛋白基因遗传多态性研究

轴索生长抑制因子(Neurite growth inhibitor,Nogo)在中枢神经系统中主要发挥抑制轴突再生的作用,其基因TATA和CAA插入缺失多态性与慢性精神分裂症发病风险有关,在不同种族间RTN4基因型及等位基因频率分布的存在差异.该研究将采用聚合酶链反应和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法检测205名中国成都汉族人和101名泰国人RTN4基因多态性,比较两组人群RTN4基因TATC和CAA插入缺失多态性分布情况,并与不同种族人群研究结果进行比较.研究发现在中国成都地区汉族人群中,RTN4基因(TATC)2(TATC)2基因型频率为10.2%,明显低于泰国人群(21.8%),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006);(TATC)2等位基因在成都汉族人群中占34.9%,明显低于泰国人群(45.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.015).CAA插入缺失基因型和等位基因频率在成都汉族人群和泰国人群中差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).此外,中国成都地区汉族人群等位基因(TATC)2频率(34.9%)明显低于法国加拿大人(45.0%)和突尼斯人(49.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);等位基因(CAA)2频率(66.8%)明显高于法国加拿大人(53.0%)和巴西人(37.8%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);结果表明RTN4基因TATA和CAA插入缺失多态性在不同种族间的分布存在明显差异.     

浙江汉族人群细胞因子基因多态性分析

为了探讨浙江汉族人群13种细胞因子基因多态性的分布情况, 采用PCR-SSP对100名汉族人群的IL-1α(T/C-889)、IL-1β(C/T-511, T/C+3962)、IL-1R(C/T Pst-I 1970)、IL-1RA(T/C Mspa1-I 1100)、IL-2 (T/G -330, G/T +166)、IL-4 (T/G -1098, T/C -590, T/C -33)、IL-4Rα(G/A +1902)、IL-6 (G/C-174, G/A nt565)、IL-10 (G/A -1082, C/T -819, C/A-592)、IL-12(C/A -1188)、gIFN (A/T UTR 5644)、TGFβ(C/T codon 10, G/C codon 25)、TNFα(G/A -308, G/A -238)等细胞因子基因多态性进行分型。结果显示, (1)在检测的13种细胞因子中, TGF(G codon 25)等位基因频率为1.00, 未检测到TGF(C codon 25)等位基因; (2)细胞因子等位基因频率大于0.95的有IL-1α(C-889)、IL-1β(C +3962)、IL-4 (T –1098)、IL-6 (G-174)、IL-6(G nt565)、IL-10(A –1082)和TNFa (G -238); 频率低于0.05的有IL-1α(T -889)、IL-1β(T +3962)、IL-4(G –1098)、IL-6 (A-174)、IL-6 (A nt565)、IL-10 (G –1082) 和TNFa (A -238); (3) IL-10高表达单倍型GCC频率为0.05, 低表达单倍型ATA频率为0.735; TGF β高表达单倍型TG频率为0.49, 低表达单倍型CC频率为0; TNF a高表达单倍型AG和AA频率为0.055, 低表达单倍型GG和GA频率为0.945。结果表明, 浙江汉族人群细胞因子基因多态性较为丰富, 具有地区性遗传特征。     

中国汉族人群2型糖尿病易感性相关基因多态性

2型糖尿病（type2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）的发病与多个基因累加效应及多种环境因素相关。已在中国汉族人群中研究过的与T2DM易感性相关的基因多态性包括：全基因组相关研究中的CDKAL1、CDKN2A／B、SLC30A8、IGF2BP2、HHEX、FTO以及KCNQI基因;脂联素基因;核呼吸因子基因;葡萄糖激酶基因;肿瘤坏死因子α基因等。探索这些易感基因可以为人类治疗T2DM起到极大的推动作用。但至今已明确的基因依然很少,国内外的研究结果不尽相同,尚需进一步地深入研究。     

中国汉族人群66个InDel基因座的遗传多态性

插入/缺失多态性(insertion/deletion polymorphism,InDel)遗传标记是一类由DNA片段的插入或者缺失形成的变异形式,在降解检材身份识别领域展现出优势.本文从dbSNP数据库中自主筛选66个InDel基因座,基于高通量测序系统建立了一套多重复合扩增体系(66-plex InDels).通...     

基于DNA变异的中国汉族人群脱发表型推断及预测模型评估

目的 男性型脱发（male pattern baldness,MPB）,又称为雄激素性脱发（AGA）,是一种常见的男性脱发类型,大约80%的表型差异可以用遗传因素解释。目前的MPB遗传推断研究主要基于欧洲人群,东亚人群相关研究较少。本研究在中国人群中对欧洲人群MPB关联位点进行验证分析,并建立遗传推断模型。方法 本研究调查了486个与欧洲人群MPB相关单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点在312名中国汉族男性中的关联性,分别使用逐步回归和Lasso回归方法对关联出的位点进行筛选。使用逻辑回归算法构建预测模型,通过十折交叉验证的方法评估。之后进一步比较了逻辑回归、k近邻分类器、随机森林、支持向量机4种常用分类器模型对MPB的预测准确性。结果 有174个SNP位点与中国汉族男性的MPB显著相关（P＜0.05）。通过不同的筛选方法,分别得到了22个SNP和25个SNP的位点集合。基于上述位点集合建立了22-SNP和 25-SNP两种逻辑回归预测模型。以AUC（ROC曲线下方的面积大小,area under curve）来衡量,两种模型对MPB预测的准确性分别为0.85和0.84;经十折交叉验证后预测准确性分别下降至0.81和0.77。当加入年龄作为预测因子后,两种模型的AUC均达到最大值0.89。从运行结果来看,逻辑回归预测模型较本研究中的其他分类器模型具有明显优势。结论 总体而言,虽然预测模型的准确性尚未达到临床期望水平,但SNP在MPB的遗传预测方面仍具备很大的潜力,可以为MPB的早期诊断、临床干预和法庭科学应用提供参考。     

中国汉族人群MASP2基因单核苷酸多态性的连锁不平衡和单体型分析

目的：探讨中国汉族人群甘露糖结合凝集素相关的丝氨酸蛋白酶（MASP2）基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的连锁不平衡和单体型,为相关研究提供更为详实的数据。方法：选取30例广州汉族无关个体,用重新测序的方法进行MASP2基因SNP的发掘,构建连锁不平衡（LD）模式,与HapMap公布的其他4个人群数据相比,并选择4个标签SNP（tagSNP）在232例北京汉族个体和291例广州汉族个体中分析MASP2的多态性和单体型。结果和结论：对MASP2的重测序共检测出16个SNP,LD分析显示来自中国不同地区人群的LD模式基本相同,与来自美国和日本的人群存在差异;北京和广州地区汉族人群tagSNP的等位基因和基因型频率分布不存在显著差异。     

人群变异的分子基础:从单核苷酸多态性到单氨基酸多态性

单核苷酸多态性可以划分为位于基因编码区的SNP和非编码区的SNP两大种类;而在基因编码区的SNP还可以进一步划分为两个亚类:不改变氨基酸序列的同义SNP和改变氨基酸序列的非同义SNP.显然,非同义SNP将导致氨基酸序列的改变,即形成单氨基酸多态性.基于蛋白质组学方法,对亚洲人群血浆样本中的SAP进行了系统研究,发现某一特定SAP在纯合人群和杂合人群中可能与生理或病理性状有着不同的关联.更为重要的是,近期有研究发现,在生物体中广泛存在着RNA序列与DNA序列不一致的现象.导致这种差异的主要原因是在转录水平上存在着规模化的RNA编辑(被称为RNA编辑组,RNA editome).该发现表明,个体拥有的SAP中可能有一部分与基因组SNP无关,而是源于RNA编辑组.进一步推论,可能在翻译水平上存在着不依赖DNA和RNA序列的全新的SAP.     

汉族人群中22个HLA-Cw等位基因全长序列单核苷酸多态性分析

为探讨HLA-Cw (Human leukocyte antigen-Cw)基因全长序列分子遗传多态性, 文章对28个HLA-Cw基因型已知的汉族个体样本, 采用长距离PCR技术和高保真性的Pfu酶, 扩增HLA-Cw基因全长序列4.5 kb, 进行分子克隆和单倍体测序。采用群体遗传学研究方法分析了HLA-Cw等位基因全长序列中各亚区的单核苷酸多态性。结果表明: 在28个样本中共检测出22种等位基因, 序列均已提交GenBank和国际IMGT/HLA数据库并获得了认可; 其中Cw*0706、Cw*030301、Cw*140201的全长序列为首次报道, 尤其是Cw*0706内含子序列的获得, 能够重新设计对该等位基因测序分型的引物, 避免测序分型中可能对这一等位基因的漏检。将28个样本的56条单倍体序列用Clustal软件进行序列排比, 输入到DnaSP4.0进行多态性分析, 共发现244个SNPs, 10处插入/缺失多态性。对HLA-Cw等位基因各亚区多态性的分析, 发现第4内含子及以前并没有受到关注的第5外显子受到平衡选择的作用, 在进化中受到了选择压力, 预示着它们在免疫系统的进化过程中可能扮演着重要的角色。     

The slow skeletal muscle troponin T gene is expressed in developing and diseased human heart

Cardiac muscle development is characterised by the activation of contractile protein genes and subsequent modulation of expression resulting, ultimately, in the formation of a mature four-chambered organ. Myocardial gene expression is also altered in the adult in response to pathological stimuli and this is thought to contribute to the altered contractile characteristics of the diseased heart. We have examined the expression of the slow skeletal troponin T (TnT) gene in the human heart during development and in disease using whole mount in situ hybridisation and real-time quantitative (TaqMan) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Slow skeletal TnT mRNA shows transitory and regional expression in the early foetal heart, which occurs at different times in atria and ventricles. In ventricular myocardium, expression is seen in the outer epicardial layer at a time when the coronary circulation is being established. Expression was detected at low levels in the adult human heart and was significantly increased in end-stage heart failure. Similarly, expression was readily detectable during early rat heart development and was up-regulated in pressure overload hypertrophy in adult. Together these data show for the first time that slow skeletal TnT mRNA is readily detectable during early human heart development. They further suggest that slow skeletal TnT may be responsive to myocardial stress and that elevated levels may contribute to myocardial dysfunction in adult disease. (Mol Cell Biochem 263: 91–97, 2004)     

急性脑梗死血清肌钙蛋白-T升高的临床观察

目的:探讨急性脑梗死患者血清肌钙蛋白水平升高与梗死严重程度、梗死部位和预后的关系。方法:247例急性脑梗死患者,在住院的第一天内完成12导联心电图及血清肌钙蛋白-T(cTnT)水平的检查。以0.5ng/ml为界,将患者分为cTnT水平升高组和cTnT水平正常组。结果:26例(10.5%)血清cTnT水平升高。与cTnT水平正常组相比,cTnT水平升高组患者入院时NIHSS评分更严重,岛叶受累的发生率更高,预后较差,异常心电图发生率较高。结论:血清cTnT水平升高的急性脑梗死患者梗死更严重,预后较差,这些患者大多岛叶受累和ECG异常。     

延边朝鲜族和汉族脂联素启动子SNPs与原发性高血压的相关性

为了探讨延边朝鲜族和汉族脂联素基因启动子单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与原发性高血压(EH)的关系, 文章采用PCR产物直接测序方法检测了220例EH患者和268例对照个体的脂联素启动子5个SNPs位点: -11426A>G(rs16861194)、-11391G>A(rs17300539)、-11377C>G(rs62620185)、-11156insCA(rs60806105)、-11043C>T(rs76786086), 氧化酶法测定空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白, 酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆脂联素和胰岛素。结果显示: (1) -11426A>G、-11377C>G 和-11156insCA 3个位点具有多态性, 且它们的基因型频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05), -11391G>A和-11043C>T位点无多态性; (2) -11426A>G和-11156insCA呈完全连锁不平衡(D’=1; r2=1); (3) -11426G基因频率比较, 朝鲜族(21.10%)高于汉族(12.05%), 汉族EH组高于对照组; -11377C>G的基因型和基因频率在朝鲜族和汉族间及同一民族内EH组和对照组间比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05); (4)单倍型?11426G -11377C的频率, 汉族EH组高于对照组(P<0.05), 朝鲜族EH组和对照组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05); (5)EH组的血浆脂联素水平明显低于对照组(P<0.001)。据此得出结论: (1)首次发现?11426A>G和?11156insCA呈完全连锁不平衡, -11426 A>G的多态性在朝鲜族和汉族中存在民族差异; (2) -11426 G和-11426G -11377C是延边汉族EH的危险因子和危险单倍型, 但不是朝鲜族的; (3)低血浆脂联素是延边朝鲜族和汉族EH的重要危险因素; (4)血浆脂联素水平与-11426A>G基因型无关。     

33株抗心肌肌钙蛋白T (cTnT) 的单克隆抗体制备、鉴定及应用

旨在制备抗心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)的单克隆抗体(m Ab),对单抗进行初步评价鉴定,并建立(cTnT)的化学发光定量检测试剂。首先利用外购的cTnT抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用常规m Ab制备技术和间接ELISA法筛选m Ab,以表达和合成的cTnT片段对筛选到的m Ab进行表位鉴定。使用双抗体夹心ELISA方法筛选检测cTnT抗原的配对m Ab,并建立cTnT全自动化学发光定量检测试剂。使用220例临床标本评价该试剂与罗氏试剂的检测一致性,另外使用238例临床样本和784例体检人群样本评价该试剂的临床应用。我们成功筛选到33株稳定分泌抗cTnT抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并对单抗的表位进行初步鉴定。我们筛选到能检测10 pg/m L cTnT抗原的配对m Ab E16H8和C8G11,并使用该配对研制出全自动化学发光定量试剂。该试剂与罗氏试剂相关系数r达到0.959 9,检测一致率95%,利用该试剂盒检测临床样本灵敏度为97.5%,特异性为99.15%,99%体检人群的cTnT浓度分布小于0.080 6 ng/m L,符合WHO对急性心肌梗死的定义标准。综上,初步建立了cTnT诊断优势表位单抗,并利用这些优势表位的单抗建立全自动管式化学发光定量检测试剂,与罗氏试剂检测结果符合率高。     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Gcyc1 (Cycloidea) in Conandron ramondioides (Gesneriaceae) from Southeast China

Conandron ramondioides with actinomorphic flower in Gesneriaceae is an endemic species distributed in Taiwan, Southeast of China and Japan. Populations are usually small and isolated in typically fragmented habitat. Based on SNPs of Gcyc1 (Cycloidea), a TCP gene known in patterning the floral dorsoventral asymmetry, we have explored the molecular evolution and genetic differentiation of Gcyc1 at population level, and the population history of C. ramondioides populations distributed in SE China. Eighteen SNPs are detected in 774-bp of the gene, of which eleven are non-synonymous. However, morphological observation of flowers shows that there is no visible differentiation in shape and size across the dorsoventral axis within each whorl. None of the eighteen SNPs is by all shared the eleven populations. Population differentiation is significant. These results reveal that evolution of Gcyc1 at population level is well in accord with the neutral theory. Our study indicates that the SNPs of developmental genes are also useful molecular markers for exploring the genetic differentiation and population history in non-model organisms.     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of the rhesus monkey tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene

The human TNF-alpha gene is characterized by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its promoter region, in part having been shown to influence TNF-alpha expression and susceptibility to various diseases. The rhesus macaque is widely used as an animal model for a variety of TNF-alpha associated pathological conditions, but little is known about genetic variation within the TNF-alpha promoter region. In order to check for such polymorphisms, primers based on rhesus sequence within 5 UTR were designed and used to amplify a 1 kb product from genomic DNA of 29 animals. Sequencing and cloning revealed a total of 11 polymorphisms leading to five different haplotypes.     

HLA-A gene polymorphism defined by high-resolution sequence-based typing in 161 Northern Chinese Han people

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is the most polymorphic region known in the human genome. In the present study, we analyzed for the first time the HLA-A gene polymorphisms defined by the high-resolution typing methods-sequence-based typing (SBT) in 161 Northern Chinese Han people. A total of 74 different HLA-A gene types and 36 alleles were detected. The most frequent alleles were A*110101 (GF=0.2360), A*24020101 (GF=0.1646), and A*020101 (GF=0.1553); followed by A*3303 (GF=0.1180), A*3001 (GF=0.0590),     

Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in the Kyrgyz population from northwest China

Pharmacogenomic variant information is well known for major human populations; however, this information is less commonly studied in minorities. In the present study, we genotyped 85 very important pharmacogenetic (VIP) variants (selected from the PharmGKB database) in the Kyrgyz population and compared our data with other four major human populations including Han Chinese in Beijing, China (CHB), the Japanese in Tokyo, Japan (JPT), a northern and western Europe population (CEU), and the Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI). There were 13, 12 and 16 of the selected VIP variant genotype frequencies in the Kyrgyz which differed from those of the CHB, JPT and CEU, respectively (p < 0.005). In the YRI, there were 32 different variants, compared to the Kyrgyz (p < 0.005). Genotype frequencies of ADH1B, AHR, CYP3A5, PTGS2, VDR, and VKORC1 in the Kyrgyz differed widely from those in the four populations. Haplotype analyses also showed differences among the Kyrgyz and the other four populations. Our results complement the information provided by the database of pharmacogenomics on Kyrgyz. We provide a theoretical basis for safer drug administration and individualized treatment plans for the Kyrgyz. We also provide a template for the study of pharmacogenomics in various ethnic minority groups in China.