买麻藤化学成分的研究

从买麻藤(Gnetum montanum Markgr)的藤茎中分离鉴定出4个新化合物:2-羟基(?)甲氧基-4-甲氧羰基吡咯(1),2-羟基-3-甲氧甲基-4-甲氧羰基吡咯(2),3,4-二羟基-4-(?)氧基二苄醚(3)和3,3',4'-三羟基-4-甲氧基二苄醚(4)以及两个已知化合物2,3-二苯基吡咯(5)和胺甲基甲醇(6)。化合物(1)、(2)和(6)是以盐酸盐形式分离得到。     

沼液中化学成分的研究

通过用硅胶、凝胶柱层析和制备液相纯化,从沼液浓缩物里分离出四个化合物,经鉴定其中一个为新化合物,将其命名为24-降齐墩果烷-4,12-二烯-3,22-二酮(1),其余三个为已知化合物,8-羟基-3,4-二氢喹啉-2酮(2)、(E)-3-(2-羟基苯)丙烯酰胺(3)、苯乙酸(4)。这些化合物均是首次从鸡粪沼液中分离出来。     

桑白皮化学成分的研究

从桑白皮(Cortex Mori)的水提液中分离得到5个化学成分,通过波谱数据结合理化性质分别鉴定为4,4’-二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(4,4’-diphenylmethane-bis(methyl)carbamates,1),东莨菪内酯(seopoletin,2),伞形花内酯(umbelliferone,3),3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol,4),对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(4-hydroxy ethyl-benzoate,5)。其中,化合物1为新的天然化合物,4和5为首次从该植物中分得。     

冬凌草水溶性化学成分研究

新鲜冬凌草用70％丙酮水溶液组织破碎提取,然后经Diaion HP-20、Toyopearl HW-40、MCI Gd、silica gel等柱层析方法分离得到5个单体化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为α-D-呋喃果糖(1),阿魏酸(2),丹参素甲正丁酯(3),3,4-二羟基苯乳酸(4),延命素-1β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)。除延命素-1β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷外,其它4个化合物均为首次从冬凌草及其同属植物中分离得到。     

天然产物紫檀茋及(E)-3,5,3′-三甲氧基-4′-羟基二苯乙烯的合成

以3,5-二羟基苯乙酮为起始原料,经甲基化反应、Willgerodt-Kindler重排得到3,5-二甲氧基苯乙酸(4),化合物4分别与对羟基苯甲醛以及香兰素发生Perkin缩合反应得到E-2,3-二芳基丙烯酸(7a,7b)。化合物7a,7b分别经脱羧-异构化反应得到天然产物紫檀茋(8a)及(E)-3,5,3′-三甲氧基-4′-羟基二苯乙烯(8b),总收率分别为48.7%和43.8%。其化学结构经IR、EI-MS、1HNMR确证。     

何首乌中新的二苯乙烯甙

用反相层析法从何首乌(Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.)根茎的水提物中分得2个新的二苯乙烯甙(1、 2)及9个已知化合物:没食子酸(3)、 2,6-二羟基-苯甲酸(4)、吲哚-3-(L-α-氨基-α-羟基-丙酸)甲酯(5)、 1, 2-二羟基丙烷-1-(4-羟基-苯基) (6)、大黄素(7)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(8)、(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(9)、 2, 3, 4′, 5-四羟基反式二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(10)和 2, 3, 4′, 5-四羟基反式二苯乙烯-2, 3-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(11).新化合物结构通过理化性质与波谱分析特别是 2D NMR得以确定.化合物2表现出很强的DNA裂解活性,化合物1、2与10具有很强的抗脂质过氧化活性.     

观光木酚性成分研究

从观光木(Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun)茎枝的80％乙醇提取物中分离得到11个酚性化合物,经波谱鉴定为:对羟基苯甲醛(1)、香草醛(2)、1,3,5-三甲氧基苯(3),丁香醛(4)、香草酸(5)、苏式-2,3-二-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯)-3-甲氧基丙醇(6)、赤式-2,3-二-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯)-3-甲氧基丙醇(7)、丁香酸(8)、3-羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯)-1-丙酮(9)、对羟基苯乙醇(10)和C-veratroylglycol( 11).其中,化合物1～4和6～ 11为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

毕赤酵母不对称合成阿托伐他汀中间体

阿托伐他汀可通过抑制HMG-CoA还原酶与底物的结合来抑制胆固醇的合成,而 (R)-3-羟基-5-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基戊酸乙酯是阿托伐他汀合成的重要中间体。通过对实验室保藏菌种进行筛选,得到一株巴氏毕赤酵母X-33可将5-邻苯二甲酰亚胺-3-氧代戊酸乙酯还原为 (R)-3-羟基-5-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基戊酸乙酯。在磷酸盐缓冲液体系中考察了初始底物浓度、反应时间、辅助底物、葡萄糖添加量、pH、温度等因素对产物收率和对映体选择性的影响,获得了较佳的反应条件。选择底物投料量为7 g/L时,当菌体浓度120 g/L,葡萄     

米碎花的酚苷类化合物及其鼻咽癌细胞毒活性

为了解米碎花(Eurya chinensis)的化学成分及其生物活性,运用多种色谱技术从其乙醇提取物分离得到11个化合物,并对化合物进行体外抗鼻咽癌细胞增殖活性评价。经波谱数据分析,分别为异落新妇苷(1)、3,5,7-三羟基色原酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(2)、1-O-反式-桂皮酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(3)、1-O-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-O-反式-桂皮酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(4)、eutigoside D (5)、1-O-(3,4-二羟基苯乙基)-6-O-反式-香豆酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(6)、eutigoside A (7)、1-O-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-O-反式-咖啡酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(8)、grayanoside A (9)、1-O-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-O-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖(10)、3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-4-羟基-苄基苯甲酸酯(11)。其中,化合物4为首次从天然来源获得,化合物2～4和8～11均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。MTT法表明,化合物10具有中等抑制5-8F细胞增殖活性。     

树豆叶二苯乙烯类成分的甲醚化和体外抗肿瘤活性

为获得具有抗肿瘤活性的甲醚化先导化合物,对树豆(Cajanus cajan)叶中的二苯乙烯类成分进行甲醚化,并测定其对人肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性。将木豆素C、树豆酮酸A、Cajanotone和木豆素与碘甲烷-碳酸钾反应制备O-甲基产物,通过波谱数据分析产物结构分别鉴定为:2-异戊烯基-3,5-二甲氧基二苯乙烯(1)、树豆酮酸A甲醚(2)、5-O-methylcajanotone(3)和3-O-甲基木豆素(4),其中化合物3是新化合物。肿瘤细胞增殖抑制实验(CCK-8法)结果表明,木豆素C对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231、宫颈癌HeLa、肝癌Hep G2、结肠癌SW480及3种非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549, NCI-H460和NCI-H1299)的半数抑制浓度IC50分别为14.4、16.1、19.6、17.4和25.7～29.6μmol L~(–1);木豆素对宫颈癌和结肠癌之外的5种肿瘤细胞有弱抑制作用,IC50为44.9～78.3μmol L~(–1);而对照的3,4′,5-三甲氧基二苯乙烯(三-O-甲基白藜芦醇)对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231、宫颈癌HeLa、结肠癌SW480和肝癌Hep G2细胞有较强抑制作用(IC50为3.0～14.5μmol L~(–1))。树豆叶二苯乙烯甲醚化衍生物1～4对7种肿瘤细胞系无明显细胞毒活性。     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Gnetum montanum Markg

Six compounds had been isolated from the stem of Gnetum montanum Markgr, on the basis of spectral analysis (UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS), physico-chemical constants and preparation of the derivative. They were identified as 2-hydroxy-3-methoxyl-4-methoxycarbonyl pyrrole (1), 2-hydroxy-3-methoxymethyl-4-methoxycarbonyl pyrrole (2), 3,4′-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-dibenzyl ether (3), 3, 3′,4′-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-dibenzy ether (4), 2,3-diphenyl-pyrrole (5) and aminemethyl-methyl alcohol (6). (1)—(4) are new compounds,     

广西买麻藤属两新种

广西买麻藤属两新种邵宏（北京医科大学生物遗传教研室,北京１０００８３）关键词球子买麻藤;巨子买麻藤;新种ＴＷＯＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＧＮＥＴＵＭＬ．ＦＲＯＭＧＵＡＮＧＸＩ￥ＳｈａｏＨｏｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＧｅｎｅｔｉｃ...     

The Structure Anomalous Secondary Growth of Stem in Gnetum montanum

In the stem of Gnetnm montanum Mgr. the general arrangement of various tissues and its pattern of secondary growth are very similar to those of angiosperms. The most conspicuous similarity lies in that the xylem contains vessels and the phloem, sieve elements and “companion ceils”. In climbing species of G. montanum, secondary growth initiates in s normal manner which is followed by the development of new combium at various loci among the parenehyms cells towards the periphery of each bundle. It does not initiate from the phloem parenchyma which is in agreement with the findings of Pearson (1929) and Maheshwari etc. (1961). Gradually these loci become incorporated into a continuous cylinder, producing a normally oriented ring of xylem and phloem separated by broad medullary rays. The growth of the first ring ceases at the commencement of the further formation of the outer, successive rings.     

Four New Stilbene Derivatives Isolated from Gnetum latifolium var. funiculare Markgr. and Their Inhibition of NO Production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 Cells

Gnetum latifolium var. funiculare Markgr. is a medicinal plant and widely distributed in mountainous areas of Vietnam. Phytochemical investigation on the trunks of this plant afforded eight stilbene derivatives ( 1 – 8 ) including for new compounds ( 1 – 4 ). Their structures were determined based on extensive analyses of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Among the isolates, compounds 1 – 3 showed moderate NO production inhibition in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with the IC₅₀ values ranging from 46.81 to 68.10 μM, compounds 4 and 6 showed weak effects with the IC₅₀ values of 96.57 and 79.46 μM, respectively, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethasone (IC₅₀ 14.20 μM).     

买麻藤根的异常次生生长

买麻藤(Cnetum montanum)根的异常次生生长与茎的异常次生生长相似,位于维管束外围的薄壁组织细胞可以形成维管束,以这种方式使根加粗。并且在生长过程中以同样的方式,在维管束的外围不断形成新的维管束。这些新的维管束成环状排列,因此,在老根中呈多圈的维管束。与茎唯一不同的是根的异常次生生长为不均等的,在两个宽大的射线区外侧,没有异常的维管束形成,因此,根主要向着与两条宽大射线相垂直的方向扩展,故外形呈扁圆形。     

Male spike strobiles with Gnetum affinity from the Early Cretaceous in western Liaoning, Northeast China

A fossil with Gnetum affinity was found in the Jianshangou Member (Barremian Age) of the Yixian Formation (Lower Cretaceous Epoch) of the Jehol Group in western Liaoning, northeastern China. The single fossil specimen is represented by both elongate-cylindrical male spike strobiles which borne within a nodal bract of cauliflorous branch. The spike strobiles have apparent nodes, invisible internodes, and numerous verticillate involucral collars. The microsporangiate units within involucral collars are not seen. The male spike strobiles with verticillate involucral collars occur exclusively in Gnetum; hence, the fossil strobiles are attributed to a new taxon, Khitania columnispicata gen. & sp. nov., being closely related to Gnetum. The general isotopic dating suggests an age of Barremian, ca. 125-122 million years (Myr) ago for the Jianshangou Member. The palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic inference based on the compositions of flora and fauna, and lithological characters of the fossil locality suggests that the fossil plants grew in a subtropical mesophytic forest and under a warmer climate. The remains of male spike strobiles are the first record of gnetalean macrofossil. It documents the evolution of the distinct gnetoid morphology and indicates a wider range of distribution of Gnetaceae in the Early Cretaceous than present day.     

福建地区小叶买麻藤遗传多样性ISSR分析

采用13条ISSR引物对福建地区小叶买麻藤11个种群共211个样本进行了种群遗传多样性检测。结果表明:(1)小叶买麻藤在物种水平上遗传多样性较高而在种群水平上较低,揭示该物种具有较强的生存、适应、发展潜力,但其种群遗传多样性已经受到生境片段化及人为活动的影响;(2)小叶买麻藤的遗传分化在裸子植物中处于中等水平,选择和基因流对种群遗传分化的作用大于遗传漂变的作用;(3)小叶买麻藤种群退化主要受人类活动影响,影响的时间较短,尚未表现出种群遗传结构的改变。     

Storage globulins in Gnetopsida. 1. Recognition of legumin-like proteins

Abstract

Salt soluble storage proteins were extracted from seeds of Ephedra distachya, Ephedra foeminea, Gnetum gnemon, Gnetum montanum and Welwitschia mirabilis and separated by chromatographic procedures. The molecular weight of the main storage globulin ranges from 300 to 350 kD. Denaturation by SDS resolved the holoprotein in monomers of M_r 40 to 60 kD. Oligomers up to 120 kD were observed in Ephedra. Reduction of disulphide bridges by DTE resolved the monomers in paris of polypeptides of M_r 10 to 35 kD. The characters above indicate that the main storage globulin of Gnetopsida is a legumin-like protein.     

Utility of iPBS retrotransposons markers for molecular characterization of African Gnetum species

Abstract

Species of African Gnetum are lianas used as vegetables, medicines and for generating income. Despite the taxonomic confusion, identification of new species and diverse morphological characters in African Gnetum, molecular markers on these plants are lacking. However, the inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposons markers could be simple and excellent molecular markers for African Gnetum. The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of iPBS markers in detecting genetic differentiation in African Gnetum species. A set of 21 iPBS markers were analysed on 14 accessions including G. africanum Welw., G. buchholzianum Engl. and the recently identified species G. latispicum. Six best selected primers generated 103 bands in G. africanum, 95 in G. buchholzianum and 24 in G. latispicum. Cluster analysis divided the accessions into two major groups. The first group contained all the accessions of G. africanum, whereas the second group was further divided in two subgroups representing accessions of G. buchholzianum and G. latispicum. Additionally, the Jaccard similarity coefficient indicated a close relationship between accessions of G. buchholzianum and G. latispicum. The iPBS marker system revealed genetic differentiation within African Gnetum and could be useful for evaluating genetic diversity, conservation, taxonomy and evolution studies.