被毛孢属一新种——长座虫草的无性型

报道长座虫草Cordyceps longissima Kobayasi的无性型为长座被毛孢新种Hirsutella longissima sp.nov.。用子囊孢子分离得到的无性型与子座柄部粘片所见的被毛孢相同;用分离菌在米饭培养基上人工诱发出的子座与天然子座相似,这表明长座被毛孢为长座虫草的无性型。     

被毛孢属一新种—长座虫草的无性型

报道长座虫草Cordyceps longissima Kobayasi的无性型为长座被毛孢新种Hirsutella longissima sp.nov.。用子囊孢子分离得到的无性型与子座柄部粘片所见的被毛孢相同;用分离菌在米饭培养基上人工诱发出的子座与天然子座相似,这表明长座被毛孢为长座虫草的无性型。     

安徽的虫草及其相关真菌I.

报道疣孢虫草Cordyceps phymatospora为新种;球孢虫草C. bassiana 及其无性型Beauveria bassiana, 长座虫草C. longissima 及其无性型 Hirsutella longissima, 台湾虫草C. formosana 及其无性型 Hirsutella sp., 拟细虫草C. gracilioides和丝虫草C. filiformis 等19种虫草及其部分相关真菌。模式标本保存在安徽农业大学虫生菌研究中心(RCEFAAU)。     

安徽的虫草及其相关真菌Ⅰ.

报道疣孢虫草Cordyceps phymatospora为新种;球孢虫草C.bassiana及其无性型Beauveria bassiana,长座虫草C.longissima及其无性型Hirsutella longissima,台湾虫草C.formosana及其无性型Hirsutella so.,拟细虫草C.gracilioides和丝虫草C.filiformis等19种虫草及其部分相关真菌。模式标本保存在安徽农业大学虫生菌研究中心（RCEFAAU)。     

被毛孢属一新种──长座虫草的无性型*

报道长座虫草 Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓ　ｌｏｎｇｉｓｓｉｍａ　 Ｋｏｂａｙａｓｉ的无性型为长座被毛孢新种Ｈｉｒｓｕｔｅｌｌａ ｌｏｎｇｉｓｓｉｍａ Ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．。用子囊孢子分离得到的无性型与子座柄部粘片所见的被毛孢相同;用分离菌在米饭培养基上人工诱发出的子座与天然子座相似,这表明长座被毛孢为长座虫草的无性型。     

一种虫草子实体的人T培养(简报)

分离的虫草无性型在马丁和3种大米培养基上均可形成子实体,子实体具明显的向光性;培养基中添加蛋白胨和酵母浸膏,子实体分化多而快;较低的温度(15～20℃)有利于子实体分化;培养基中添加虫草茵茵丝体的提取液和覆盖松针,促进子实体形成,长速也快。     

一种虫草子实体的人工培养（简报）

分离的虫草无性型在马丁和3种大类培养基上均可形成子实体,子实体具明显的向光性;培养基中添加蛋白胨和酵母浸膏,子实体分化多而快;较低的温度（15－20度）有利于子实体分化;培养基中添加虫草菌菌丝体的提取液和覆盖松针,促进了实体形成,长速也快。     

影响虫草子实体生长的因素探讨

人工培养虫草子实体是确证虫草无性型的有力证据,讨论了生态环境对天然虫草的影响,并对人工培养虫草子实体的影响因素如营养、温度、温度、通气、光照、菌株等进行了探讨。     

高雄山虫草生物学特性及人工驯化条件优化

高雄山虫草Cordyceps tenuipes是一种重要的珍稀野生虫草,无性型为细脚棒束孢Isaria tenuipes.对采集的野生无性型高雄山虫草生物学特性进行了研究,采用小麦和大米为栽培基质,通过添加不同营养成分进行人工驯化和栽培条件优化,对后续提高其孢梗束产量和商业化栽培具有重要意义.试验结果表明,该虫草菌丝在...     

丝虫草及其无性型关系的分子确证

目的对丝虫草（Ophiocordyceps filiform is）及从子囊孢子分离所得的无性型进行测序和比较分析,确证二者之间的对应关系。方法采用PCR技术,以rDNA-ITS区为分子指标。结果系统进化树显示丝虫草的无性型归为被毛孢属较为合理,同时通过形态特征比较的结果表明,其无性型为荔波被毛孢（Hirsutella liboensis）。结论本研究首次确立了丝虫草的有性型与无性型的对应关系,并且成功培育出了与天然丝虫草相同的虫草子实体。     

蛹虫草对锌的耐性与富集特征

在培养基内添加不同量的锌,研究其对蛹虫草子实体的形成、子实体和菌丝体生物量、子实体多糖含量和葡萄糖含量的影响,以及蛹虫草子实体和菌丝体对锌的富集能力。结果表明锌对上述各项都有影响。液体培养条件下,锌浓度在453906mg/L范围内可以促进菌丝体生长,锌浓度超过4077mg/L时,菌丝生长受到抑制。培养基锌的浓度在4077mg/L以下时,蛹虫草菌丝体锌的富集量随着液体培养基锌浓度的提高而提高。固体培养条件下,锌含量在226453mg/kg范围内可以促进蛹虫草子实体生长,并且在此含量范围内,蛹虫草子实体中葡萄糖含量较高。培养基锌含量在680906mg/kg时,子实体多糖含量较高。培养基锌含量在2038mg/kg以下时,蛹虫草子实体中锌的富集量随着培养基锌含量的提高而提高,在培养基锌含量为2038mg/kg时,子实体中锌的含量达到28570mg/kg(干重)。     

基于代谢组学的功能性蛹虫草成分研究

对功能性蛹虫草、野生蛹虫草、柞蚕蛹虫草及冬虫夏草的代谢组学进行非靶向成分比较分析,并对功能性蛹虫草的常见生物活性成分进行定量分析。结果表明,功能性蛹虫草共检测出代谢产物成分2 213种,占成分总量的72.67%,其特有成分497种,与冬虫夏草、柞蚕蛹虫草和野生蛹虫草相比具有显著的成分优势。除目前已经报导的部分成分外,还含有丰富的特殊性代谢产物,如灵芝酸、茯苓新酸、人参皂苷、仙茅皂苷、苦玄参苷、黄芪皂苷、金铁锁环肽、王不留行环肽、甾醇、丹酚酸等。常规成分定量分析表明功能性蛹虫草子实体中虫草素和喷司他丁含量均较高,麦角甾醇、SOD酶、维生素E含量均显著高于对照组。大量药物活性物质在蛹虫草代谢产物成分体系中得到表达,对于揭示蛹虫草保健价值的物质基础具有重要意义。     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation as a tool for insertional mutagenesis in medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris

Cordyceps militaris is an insect-born fungus with various biological and pharmacological activities. The mutant library of C. militaris was constructed by improved Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), for the ultimate identification of genes involved in isolate degeneration during fruiting body production. Successful transformation of C.?militaris JM4 by A. tumefaciens AGL-1 carrying vector pATMT1 was performed, with efficiency in the range of 30-600 transformants per 1×10(5) conidia. Acetosyringone (AS) supplement in C. militaris ATMT was not necessary during either precultivation or cocultivation. The transformation procedure was optimised based on the ratios between donor A. tumefaciens and recipient conidia, and pH value of cocultivation media. The integration of the hyg gene into C. militaris genome was determined by PCR and Southern blot analysis, suggesting that 67-88% resulting transformants in cultivation conditions with or without AS were inserted by T-DNA and 55-80% were single-copy. Special mutants with altered phenotypes and growth potentials were characterised. The efficient TAIL-PCR approach was established for identifying T-DNA flanking sequences from C. militaris mutants. The successful construction of the mutant library indicated the usefulness of this approach for functional genetic analysis in this important fungus.     

从废弃蛹虫草大米培养基中高效提取纯化虫草素工艺条件研究

虫草素是蛹虫草的次生代谢产物,具有重要的药用价值,当前主要从蛹虫草子实体中提取。本文提供了一种从蛹虫草子实体生产的副产物——大米培养基中高效提取纯化虫草素的新方法。该方法包括连续逆流提取、732阳离子交换树脂柱层析和结晶三步。对每一步的工艺参数进行了系统优化。用该优化的方法从大米培养基中提取虫草素,虫草素产品的纯度达98.0%以上,产率达66.0%以上。     

柞蚕蛹虫草继代培育其活性物质变化规律

柞蚕蛹虫草中含有虫草素、腺苷、多糖等多种活性成分,具有提高免疫力、抗疲劳、保护心脑血管、抗癌等方面的作用,是冬虫夏草的良好替代品。以柞蚕蛹虫草的继代培育为基础,分别检测蛹虫草菌在不同传代次数时柞蚕蛹虫草子实体生长状态、蛹虫草中腺苷、虫草素、虫草多糖含量及蛹虫草菌菌丝、分生孢子中活性氧的分布。第1代蛹虫草菌接种后柞蚕蛹出现腐烂现象;第2、3代培育的子实体生长量、腺苷及虫草素含量均较高;第4代子实体生长量、腺苷及虫草素含量均出现大幅下降的现象。柞蚕蛹虫草中虫草多糖含量在传代过程中也逐渐降低,但降低幅度较腺苷和虫草素缓慢。第2代培育的柞蚕蛹虫草子实体生长状态优于第3代,故第2代蛹虫草菌更适合应用于批量生产。蛹虫草菌退化后含有活性氧的分生孢子比例增大,这可能是发生退化的表象之一。     

四种子囊菌甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性研究

比较了冬虫夏草Cordyceps sinensis、古尼虫草Cordyceps gunnii、蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris、黑柄炭角菌Xylaria nigripes等四种子囊菌提取物的抗氧化活性,对它们的子实体(F)和菌丝体(M)甲醇提取物清除DPPH自由基能力、还原力、金属离子鳌合能力和总酚含量进行了测定,结果显示四种子囊菌子实体的自由基清除能力、还原力和总酚含量均高于其菌丝体(P0.05),但四种子囊菌子实体的DPPH清除能力不存在显著差异(P0.05);古尼虫草和蛹虫草子实体的还原力和总酚含量显著高于冬虫夏草和黑柄炭角菌子实体(P0.05),但前两者之间不存在显著差异(P0.05)。总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除能力、还原力呈正相关。     

蛹虫草子实体活性成分的分离鉴定

蛹虫草具有悠久的食药用历史,但关于其活性成分的种类仍知甚少。本文采用大孔树脂、硅胶柱、HPLC等色谱技术对蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris子实体粗提物进行分离纯化,从中得到3个化合物。通过波谱数据分析,化合物1–3分别被鉴定为：虫草素（3’-脱氧腺苷）（1）,色氨酸（2）和5,5’-dibuthoxy-2,2’-bifuran（3）,杂环化合物3为首次从蛹虫草子实体中获得。对化合物进行抗菌活性测定发现,虫草素和5,5’-dibuthoxy-2,2’-bifuran对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌都有显著的抑菌活性,但是它们对酿酒酵母均未表现出明显抑菌活性。     

Improvement of insulin resistance and insulin secretion by water extracts of Cordyceps militaris, Phellinus linteus, and Paecilomyces tenuipes in 90% pancreatectomized rats

The effect of supplementation with Phellinus linteus (P. linteus), Paecilomyces tenuipes (P. tenuipes), and Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) mushroom water extracts on the insulin secretion and insulin resistance of 90% pancreatectomized (Px) male Sprague Dawley rats was investigated. Px rats were daily administered 0.5 g of P. linteus, P. tenuipes, and C. militaris aqueous extracts or a placebo per 1 kg body weight with a 40% fat diet for 8 weeks. Fasting serum glucose levels were lower in rats receiving C. militaris than in the control group. Insulin secretion at the elevated serum glucose levels was lowest in rats that consumed P. tenuipes in hyperglycemic clamp. Whole body glucose disposal rates increased in C. militaris but decreased in P. tenuipes compared to those in the control group in euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The GLUT4 content and fraction velocity of glycogen synthase in the soleus and quadriceps muscles increased in the rats treated with C. militaris, but P. tenuipes decreased both. In sum, a water extract of C. militaris ameliorates insulin resistance by enhancing glucose utilization in skeletal muscles.     

Phenology of epigeous macrofungi found in red gum woodlands

The timing of fruiting body production by epigeous macrofungi is thought to be mostly determined by substrate moisture and temperature. Understanding the environmental cues that influence fruiting can help when designing surveys, interpreting results, and predicting effects of an altered climate. Species fruiting in 22 river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) woodland sites in southeastern Australia was recorded at regular intervals over 2 y. Models were constructed to explain the phenology of 25 of the most common species, as well as the total number of species found fruiting on each survey occasion. We found that rainfall minus evaporation and the time of year each influenced fruiting of the common fungi, but to varying degrees depending on species. Using these same variables, the model predictions for the total number of species expected to be found on each survey occasion fit the observations reasonably well (R(2)=0.49). The models could be used to estimate the probability of presence for species of conservation interest, to optimise survey timing, or to predict effects of climate change on fruiting.