表达轮状病毒nsp4基因重组腺病毒的构建与免疫评价

目的：应用非复制腺病毒表达系统构建表达人轮状病毒非结构蛋白4（NSP4）的重组腺病毒,初步评价其免疫保护效果。方法：构建含野生轮状病毒NSP4基因的穿梭质粒pshuttle-NSP4,与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy经同源重组后在Ad-293细胞中包装获得pAd-NSP4重组腺病毒颗粒。电镜、RT-PCR、免疫荧光等方法鉴定病毒特征及在体外细胞中的表达。肌肉注射及滴鼻方式免疫小鼠,检测小鼠血清抗体效价及其中和保护效果。结果：获得了滴度为10^8.25CCID50/ml的重组腺病毒pAd-NSP4,免疫荧光检测到特异性目的蛋白的表达。二次免疫后肌肉注射和滴鼻小鼠的ELISA血清平均效价分别为1：320 和1：1436.8;中和抗体效价1：45.3和1：71.8。结论：表达轮状病毒NSP4蛋白的非复制型重组腺病毒颗粒具有良好的免疫原性。滴鼻途径比肌肉注射可更加有效地诱导小鼠的免疫应答。     

表达PRRSV M蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫特性研究

本研究通过RT-PCR方法扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)S1株的M蛋白基因,将其克隆重组到人血清5型腺病毒载体中,转染293细胞,制备重组腺病毒rAd-M.RT-PCR和IFA方法鉴定,结果表明rAd-M可表达M基因的mRNA和M蛋白.纯化的rAd-M重组腺病毒经293细胞连续传25代,滴度稳定为107.8TCID50/mL.动物免疫试验结果表明,该重组腺病毒rAd M能够刺激机体产生PRRSV的特异性抗体免疫和细胞免疫应答反应,从而为PRRSV结构蛋白功能及其基因工程疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

表达轮状病毒nsp4基因重组腺病毒的构建与免疫评价

目的:应用非复制腺病毒表达系统构建表达人轮状病毒非结构蛋白4(NSP4)的重组腺病毒,初步评价其免疫保护效果。方法:构建含野生轮状病毒NSP4基因的穿梭质粒pshuttle-NSP4,与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy经同源重组后在Ad-293细胞中包装获得pAd-NSP4重组腺病毒颗粒。电镜、RT-PCR、免疫荧光等方法鉴定病毒特征及在体外细胞中的表达。肌肉注射及滴鼻方式免疫小鼠,检测小鼠血清抗体效价及其中和保护效果。结果:获得了滴度为108.25CCID50/ml的重组腺病毒pAd-NSP4,免疫荧光检测到特异性目的蛋白的表达。二次免疫后肌肉注射和滴鼻小鼠的ELISA血清平均效价分别为1∶320和1∶1436.8;中和抗体效价1∶45.3和1∶71.8。结论:表达轮状病毒NSP4蛋白的非复制型重组腺病毒颗粒具有良好的免疫原性。滴鼻途径比肌肉注射可更加有效地诱导小鼠的免疫应答。     

共表达甲型流感病毒M1和HA双基因的重组腺病毒的构建及鉴定

以我国分离的首株人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(A/Anhui/1/2005)作为研究对象,通过引入内部核糖体进入位点序列(IRES),构建共表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒膜蛋白基因M1和HA的重组腺病毒。PCR扩增禽流感病毒H5N1亚型M1和HA基因的全长可读框片段,先后亚克隆入pStar载体,然后扩增M1-IRES-HA片段并将其插入穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV,再与pAd-Easy载体在BJ5183菌中通过同源重组产生重组腺病毒载体,转化293细胞,包装出重组腺病毒Ad-M1/HA。将Ad-M1/HA感染293细胞,可观察到明显细胞病变效应,用免疫荧光及Western-blot方法均检测到M1和HA基因的表达。共表达M1和HA双基因的重组腺病毒的成功构建为开发新型重组腺病毒流感疫苗奠定了基础。     

甲型H5N1流感病毒M2与HA双基因载体疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫学评价

高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感病毒 (AIV) 严重威胁到人类健康,因此研制高效、安全的禽流感疫苗具有重要意义。以我国分离的首株人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒 (A/Anhui/1/2005) 作为研究对象,PCR扩增基质蛋白2 (M2) 和血凝素 (HA) 基因全长开放阅读框片段,构建共表达H5N1亚型AIV膜蛋白基因 M2和HA的重组质粒pStar-M2/HA。此外,还通过同源重组以293细胞包装出表达M2基因的重组腺病毒Ad-M2以及表达HA基因的重组腺病毒Ad-HA。用间接免疫荧光 (IFA) 方法检测到了各载体上插入基因的表达。按初免-加强程序分别用重组质粒pStar-M2/HA和重组腺病毒Ad-HA+Ad-M2免疫BALB/c小鼠,共免疫4次,每次间隔14 d。第1、3次用DNA疫苗,第2、4次用重组腺病毒载体疫苗,每次免疫前及末次免疫后14 d采集血清用于检测体液免疫应答,末次免疫后14 d采集脾淋巴细胞用于检测细胞免疫应答。血凝抑制 (HI) 实验检测到免疫后小鼠血清中的HI活性。ELISA实验检测到免疫后小鼠血清中抗H5N1亚型流感病毒表面蛋白的IgG抗体。ELISPOT实验检测到免疫后小鼠针对M2蛋白和HA蛋白的特异性细胞免疫应答。流感病毒M2与HA双基因共免疫的研究,为研究开发新型重组流感疫苗奠定了基础。     

表达PRRSV M蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫特性研究

本研究通过RT-PCR方法扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)S1株的M蛋白基因,将其克隆重组到人 血清5型腺病毒载体中,转染293细胞,制备重组腺病毒rAd-M。RT-PCR和IFA方法鉴定,结果表明rAd-M可表 达M基因的mRNA和M蛋白。纯化的rAd-M重组腺病毒经293细胞连续传25代,滴度稳定为107.8 TCID50／ mL。动物免疫试验结果表明,该重组腺病毒rAd-M能够刺激机体产生PRRSV的特异性抗体免疫和细胞免疫应 答反应,从而为PRRSV结构蛋白功能及其基因工程疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

HIV-1 C亚型密码子优化gp120基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及表达

目的构建含有HIV-1C亚型gp120基因重组腺病毒载体,并在293细胞中表达gp120蛋白。方法PCR扩增,获得HIV-1C亚型gp120片段,定向克隆人腺病毒转移载体pTrack-CMV,线性化后转化至含有腺病毒骨架载体pAd-easy-1的大肠埃希菌BJ5183,获得重组子prAd—gp120,PacI酶切纯化后转染293细胞,包装成复制缺陷型重组腺病毒vAd—gp120。结果经PCR、酶切及DNA测序,插入片段大小、方向正确,获得了具有感染力的vAd—gp120重组腺病毒;通过Western印迹检测,重组腺病毒在293细胞中表达出分子量为120kD的蛋白。结论成功构建了含有HIV-1C亚型gp120基因重组腺病毒载体,并获得该基因的表达。     

表达O型口蹄疫病毒衣壳蛋白的重组腺病毒构建及其免疫原性分析

为构建表达O型口蹄疫病毒（foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV）衣壳蛋白的复制缺陷型人5型腺病毒（Ad5）为载体的重组腺病毒,本研究设计、合成特异性引物并扩增出FMDV-OZK93的P12A、3B3C基因,通过融合PCR方法连接2个片段,获得P12A3B3C基因后插入到pDC316-mCMV-EGFP质粒,构建了能够表达FMDV-OZK93株衣壳蛋白前体P12A和3B3C蛋白酶的重组穿梭质粒pDC316-mCMV-EGFP-P12A3B3C。利用AdMaxTM腺病毒包装系统进行重组腺病毒rAdv-P12A3B3C-OZK93的包装、鉴定及扩增;并感染人胚胎肾细胞HEK-293进行表达验证。将鉴定正确且高度纯化后的重组腺病毒肌肉免疫小鼠进行免疫原性分析。结果显示,rAdvP12A3B3C-OZK93在病毒传代过程中目的基因稳定存在,且病毒滴度可达1×10^9.1 TCID₅₀/mL。间接免疫荧光和Western blotting结果均表明rAdv-P12A3B3C-OZK93在HEK-293细胞中表达了FMDV特异...     

稳定表达流感病毒基质蛋白2的哺乳动物细胞系的建立

本研究构建了稳定表达甲型流感病毒基质蛋白2(M2)的哺乳动物细胞系。应用PCR方法扩增A/PR/8/34(H1N1)株流感病毒M2基因,将其克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA5/FRT(pDF)上,构建出pDF-M2重组质粒。将鉴定正确的pDF-M2与表达Flp重组酶的pOG44质粒共转染Flp-In-CHO细胞,通过体内同源重组使目的基因整合到宿主细胞染色体上。筛选具有Hygromycin B抗性的重组细胞株命名为CHO-M2。以间接免疫荧光法(IFA)和Western blot法检测M2的表达,共获得15株高表达M2蛋白的重组细胞株。这些重组细胞株在连续培养10代后,PCR方法仍可检测到M2基因的存在,IFA也检测到蛋白的稳定表达。本研究成功获得了稳定表达甲型流感病毒M2的哺乳动物细胞系,为M2蛋白的功能研究和非复制型流感病毒疫苗的研制提供了新的工具。     

表达流行性感冒病毒HA基因非复制型重组腺病毒的构建及免疫效果的研究

通过RT-PCR扩增流行性感冒(流感)病毒HA基因,克隆至腺病毒穿梭载体pAd Track-MV,该重组质粒与腺病毒DNA共转化E．coli BJ5183,通过细菌内同源重组获得重组腺病毒DNA,将其转染293细胞获得重组腺病毒。PCR证实HA基因已整合至腺病毒基因组中,Western blot结果检测到重组病毒感染293细胞中HA的表达。重组病毒经滴鼻和灌胃两种途径免疫小鼠,结果2次免疫后滴鼻组和灌胃组均产生明显的免疫应答,血清IgG抗体滴度分别为1：10000和1：1000。除血清IgG外,还在肺灌洗液中检测到分泌型IgA。滴鼻组的免疫效果强于灌胃组。经小剂量攻毒实验显示,重组腺病毒保护率为100％。该文成功构建了表达流感病毒HA基因的非复制型重组腺病毒,重组病毒免疫小鼠可产生较好的免疫效果。     

A prime-boost vaccination strategy using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vector elicits protective immunity against human respiratory syncytial virus

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), for which no clinically approved vaccine is available yet, is globally a serious pediatric pathogen of the lower respiratory tract. Several approaches have been used to develop vaccines against RSV, but none of these have been approved for use in humans. An efficient vaccine-enhancing strategy for RSV is still urgently needed. We found previously that oral SL7207/pcDNA3.1/F and intranasal FGAd/F were able to induce an effective protective immune response against RSV. The heterologous prime-boost immunization regime has been reported recently to be an efficient vaccine-enhancing strategy. Therefore, we investigated the ability of an oral SL7207/pcDNA3.1/F prime and intranasal (i.n.) FGAd/F boost regimen to generate immune responses to RSV. The SL7207/pcDNA3.1/F prime-FGAd/F boost regimen generated stronger RSV-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses in BALB/c mice than the oral SL7207/pcDNA3.1/F regimen alone, and stronger specific cellular immune responses than the i.n. FGAd/F regimen alone. Histopathological analysis showed an increased efficacy against RSV challenge by the heterologous prime-boost regimen. These results suggest that such a heterologous prime-boost strategy can enhance the efficacy of either the SL7207 or the FGAd vector regimen in generating immune responses in BALB/c mice.     

辅助病毒依赖型腺病毒载体转基因的体外表达效率

构建可表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白 (Enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP) 的辅助病毒依赖型腺病毒载体 (Helper-dependent adenoviral vector,HDAd),并完成大量制备、纯化和体外表达鉴定。荧光显微镜证实HDAd/EGFP可表达,电镜下观察到经CsCl纯化后的腺病毒的典型形态。分光光度计法测定病毒的浓度为4.0×1012 颗粒数 (Virus particle,vp) /mL。与可表达EGFP的第一代腺病毒载体 (First generation adenoviral vector,FGAd) FGAd/EGFP进行了体外感染和转基因表达效率的比较研究,分别用约2 000 vp/细胞的HDAd/EGFP和FGAd/EGFP感染A549细胞,流式细胞仪检测EGFP的表达情况。通过相同时间点流式细胞仪分析EGFP的表达情况,可见HDAd/EGFP感染早期的A549细胞较FGAd/EGFP有更高的荧光表达率及更高的表达强度,显示HDAd载体具有转基因瞬时高表达的特性,是一种更有价值的疫苗载体。     

Nuclear import of the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein is mediated by importin beta1 independent of importin alpha

The matrix (M) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) plays an important role in virus assembly through specific interactions with RSV nucleocapsids and envelope glycoproteins in the cytoplasm as well as with the host cell membrane. We have previously shown that M localizes to the nucleus of infected cells at an early stage in the RSV infection cycle, where it may be instrumental in inhibiting host cell processes. The present study uses transient expression of M as well as a truncated green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion derivative to show for the first time that M is able to localize in the nucleus in the absence of other RSV gene products, through the action of amino acids 110-183, encompassing the nucleic acid binding regions of the protein, that are sufficient to target GFP to the nucleus. Using native PAGE, ELISA-based binding assays, a novel Alphascreen assay, and an in vitro nuclear transport assay, we show that M is recognized directly by the importin beta1 nuclear import receptor, which mediates its nuclear import in concert with the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Ran. Retention of M in the nucleus through binding to nuclear components, probably mediated by the putative zinc finger domain of M, also contributes to M nuclear accumulation. This is the first report of the importin binding and nuclear import properties of a gene product from a negative sense RNA virus, with implications for the function of RSV M and possibly other viral M proteins in the nucleus of infected cells.     

Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specific to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology

Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease requires efficient gene transfer to airway epithelial cells after intralumenal delivery. Most gene transfer vectors so far tested have not provided the efficiency required. Although human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a common respiratory virus, is known to infect the respiratory epithelium, the mechanism of infection and the epithelial cell type targeted by RSV have not been determined. We have utilized human primary airway epithelial cell cultures that generate a well-differentiated pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium to investigate whether RSV infects airway epithelium via the lumenal (apical) surface. A recombinant RSV expressing green fluorescent protein (rgRSV) infected epithelial cell cultures with high gene transfer efficiency when applied to the apical surface but not after basolateral inoculation. Analyses of the cell types infected by RSV revealed that lumenal columnar cells, specifically ciliated epithelial cells, were targeted by RSV and that cultures became susceptible to infection as they differentiated into a ciliated phenotype. In addition to infection of ciliated cells via the apical membrane, RSV was shed exclusively from the apical surface and spread to neighboring ciliated cells by the motion of the cilial beat. Gross histological examination of cultures infected with RSV revealed no evidence of obvious cytopathology, suggesting that RSV infection in the absence of an immune response can be tolerated for >3 months. Therefore, rgRSV efficiently transduced the airway epithelium via the lumenal surface and specifically targeted ciliated airway epithelial cells. Since rgRSV appears to breach the lumenal barriers encountered by other gene transfer vectors in the airway, this virus may be a good candidate for the development of a gene transfer vector for CF lung disease.     

可表达人呼吸道合胞病毒融合蛋白辅助病毒依赖型腺病毒载体的构建与制备

构建可表达A亚型人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytialvirus,RSV)融合蛋白(fusion protein,F)的辅助病毒依赖型腺病毒载体(helper-dependent adenoviral vector,HDAd),并完成大量制备、纯化和F蛋白的体外表达鉴定。将带有CMV启动子序列的F基因亚克隆至克隆载体pSC11,鉴定正确后,克隆至HDAd质粒pSC15B,构建pSC15B/F HDAd重组质粒,PmeⅠ消化pSC15B/F去除原核复制元件及抗性基因,获得HDAd/F DNA分子,经磷酸钙共沉淀法转染293Cre4细胞,16h后感染辅助病毒,收获HDAd/F载体粗提液,随后以HDAd/F粗提液及辅助病毒连续共感染293Cre4细胞直至HDAd/F达到复制极限,同时以可表达β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,LacZ)报告基因的HDAdLacZ载体作为平行对照监测载体复制过程。与辅助病毒共感染293Cre4细胞进一步扩增HDAd/F、CsCl梯度法超速离心制备大量纯化的HDAd/F载体,体外感染293细胞,RT-PCR检测到F基因有转录,Western blot分析表明F蛋白有特异性表达。总之,成功构建HDAd/F载体并在真核细胞中实现表达,为体内免疫学效力试验奠定基础,为研制RSV疫苗提供了一种新方法。     

Intranasal immunization with a replication-deficient adenoviral vector expressing the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus elicits protective immunity in BALB/c mice

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a serious pediatric pathogen of the lower respiratory tract worldwide. There is currently no clinically approved vaccine against RSV infection. Recently, it has been shown that a replication-deficient first generation adenoviral vector (FGAd), which encodes modified RSV attachment glycoprotein (G), elicits long-term protective immunity against RSV infection in mice. The major problem in developing such a vaccine is that G protein lacks MHC-I-restricted epitopes. However, RSV fusion glycoprotein (F) is a major cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope in humans and mice, therefore, an FGAd-encoding F (FGAd-F) was constructed and evaluated for its potential as an RSV vaccine in a murine model. Intranasal (i.n.) immunization with FGAd-F generated serum IgG, bronchoalveolar lavage secretory IgA, and RSV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in BALB/c mice, with characteristic balanced or mixed Th1/Th2 CD4+ T-cell responses. Serum IgG was significantly elevated after boosting with i.n. FGAd-F. Upon challenge, i.n. immunization with FGAd-F displayed an effective protective role against RSV infection. These results demonstrate FGAd-F is able to induce effective protective immunity and is a promising vaccine regimen against RSV infection.     

Interleukin-4 Diminishes CD8+ Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Activity In Vivo

Although interleukin-4 (IL-4) has been implicated in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-enhanced disease, the mechanism by which it modulates immune responses to primary RSV infection remains unclear. We have developed a system to investigate the effect of IL-4 on RSV epitope-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) effector function in vivo, using an H-2K(d)-restricted RSV M2 epitope. BALB/c mice were infected with recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) constructed to express RSV M2 protein (vvM2) alone or coexpress M2 and IL-4 (vvM2/IL-4). Splenocytes were assessed for M2-specific CTL activity in a direct (51)Cr release assay and intracellular gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Mice infected with vvM2/IL-4 had less M2-specific primary CTL activity than those infected with vvM2. M2-specific CTL frequency, as measured by M2 peptide-induced intracellular IFN-gamma production, was diminished in the vvM2/IL-4 group, partially accounting for the reduction of CTL activity. Mice immunized with either construct were challenged intravenously with RSV 4 weeks postimmunization, and direct CTL were measured. These results demonstrate that local expression of IL-4, at the time of antigen presentation, diminishes the cytolytic activity of primary and memory CD8(+) RSV-specific CTL responses in vivo.