MnSOD基因表达调控的研究进展

MnSOD是生物体内重要的氧自由基清除剂, 具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤作用。MnSOD基因的表达调控是一个复杂的过程, 多种转录因子、细胞信号分子和细胞信号通路参与其中。MnSOD基因的表达调控包括转录调控、转录后调控和翻译调控3个方面。转录调控是MnSOD基因表达调控的第一个层次, 在MnSOD基因表达的过程中起重要作用。它主要是通过调节与MnSOD基因转录相关的转录因子活性来实现的, 例如特异蛋白-1 (SP-1)、激活蛋白-2(AP-2)、激活蛋白-1(AP-1)、核因子-卡巴B(NF-κB)等。药物和金属离子就是通过改变这些转录因子的活性来调控MnSOD基因表达的, 另外某些基因的突变和缺失也能改变这些转录因子的活性。转录后调控主要体现在改变mRNA的稳定性或mRNA的翻译上。翻译调控则是对MnSOD多肽的编辑、修饰并与相应的金属离子结合及定位的调控。近年来发现了一种线粒体MnSOD的锰转运因子, 它对MnSOD活性的调控起重要作用。文章综述了这一研究领域的一些进展, 着重讨论了MnSOD基因的转录调控和翻译调控, 并展望了MnSOD基因表达调控的研究方向。     

转录因子GATA-2在脊椎动物发育过程中的作用

GATA-2是对外胚层和中胚层发育至关重要的转录因子,它属于具有保守锌指结构的GATA转录因子家族.GATA家族包括6个成员:分别命名为GATA-1～GATA-6.最新研究表明,GATA-2不仅存在于胚胎器官,还对成体造血细胞系、神经系统、垂体和泌尿生殖系统中细胞的功能和维持都必不可少.本文旨在通过对GATA-2的功能研究进展进行综述,探讨GATA-2在生殖系统中的作用机制,以期更广泛地了解GATA-2基因在生物发育过程中的作用及对相关基因的调控机制,从而为攻克人类相关疾病提供理论依据.     

Translating translation: Regulated protein translation as a biomedical intervention

Altering the cellular response to internal and external stressors is essential for survival, hence the process of translation is exquisitely regulated to rapidly change the proteomic profile upon physiological challenges. We recently reported that genetic and pharmacological manipulation of translation may be beneficial in the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Using two Drosophila models of PD, we showed that altering the regulation of protein translation is sufficient to ameliorate the phenotypes of these models, including neurodegeneration, mitochondrial defects and behavioral deficits. Previous studies implicating translation regulation in lifespan extension further implicates this as an important mechanism that can mediate cell protective pathways, not just for age-related diseases such as PD, but also of aging itself. As such, translation regulation represents a convergent target for therapeutic interventions. Here we highlight the therapeutic potential of translation regulation in disease and describe how determining profiles of protein synthesis may help in the fight for disease prevention and healthy aging.