全软成形环与缘对缘瓣膜成形术在心脏瓣膜关闭不全成形术中的疗效比较

目的:观察和比较全软成形环与缘对缘瓣膜成形术在心脏瓣膜关闭不全成形术中的疗效。方法:回顾性研究我院行心脏瓣膜关闭不全成形术患者80例,随机分为Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组,每组各40例。第Ⅰ组患者在行心脏瓣膜关闭不全成形术中使用全软成形环进行治疗,第Ⅱ组患者在手术过程进行缘对缘瓣膜成形术。比较治疗前后两组患者二尖瓣口、二尖瓣环面积和收缩期及舒张期二尖瓣环周径、左心室内径、心搏出量、射血速率、射血时间及临床有效率。结果:治疗后,两组二尖瓣形态、左心室内经、心搏出量、射血速率及射血时间均较治疗前有所改善(P0.05);且与第Ⅱ组相比,第Ⅰ组患者二尖瓣口面积、心搏出量及射血速率较大,二尖瓣环的面积、收缩期及舒张期二尖瓣环周径、左心室内径较小,射血时间明显缩短(P0.05)。第Ⅱ组治疗总有效率为95%,较第Ⅰ组(62.5%)显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与缘对缘瓣膜成形术相比,全软成形环在心脏瓣膜关闭不全成形术中的疗效更好,其机制可能与增大二尖瓣口面积、心搏出量及射血速率,减小二尖瓣环的面积、收缩期及舒张期二尖瓣环周径、左心室内径,缩短射血时间有关。     

二尖瓣成形术与二尖瓣生物瓣置换术治疗风湿性二尖瓣重度关闭不全的效果比较

目的:探讨二尖瓣成形术(Mitral valve plasty,MVP)与二尖瓣生物瓣置换术(Mitral valve replacement,MVR)治疗风湿性二尖瓣重度关闭的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择我院2014年1月至2019年1月收治的因风湿性二尖瓣重度关闭而行二尖瓣成形术或二尖瓣生物瓣置换术的患者60例,其中二尖瓣成形术组(MVP组)27例,二尖瓣生物瓣置换术组(MVR组)33例。比较两组患者的围手术期各项指标,治疗前后的心功能指标(左心室射血分数,左心房内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心室舒张末期内径)及二尖瓣反流情况以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:(1)MVP组患者的手术时间、体外循环时间均明显长于MVR组(P0.05);而术中出血量、呼吸机使用时间、住院时间MVP组均显著低于MVR组(P0.05);(2)术后,MVP组的LVEF和LVEDD水平高于MVR组,而LAD和LVESD水平则低于MVR组(P 0.05);(3)出院前及末次随访时,MVP组二尖瓣反流发生率与MVR组相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)MVP组患者的术后并发症发生率低于MVR组(P 0.05)。结论:二尖瓣成形术治疗风湿性二尖瓣重度关闭的临床疗效和安全性优于二尖瓣生物瓣置换术,但术者需严格掌控MVP的手术适应症。     

冠心病合并缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术方案探讨

目的:探讨适用于冠心病合并缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术方法及临床效果,为心外科手术提供参考。方法:选取2012年2月至2013年5月在我院心脏外科接受手术治疗的冠心病合并缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的患者31例。根据手术方式的不同,将所选病例分为二尖瓣成形术组和二尖瓣置换术组。术后随访6-24个月,观察并比较患者手术前后的左心房内径(LAD)、舒张末期直径(LVEDD)、收缩末期直径(LVESD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及二尖瓣返流面积。结果:围术期死亡1例,手术成功率为96.7%。30例成功获得随访,随访率为98.8%。二尖瓣成形术组并发症的发生率为22.7%,二尖瓣置换术组并发症的发生率为23.3%,两组术后并发症的发生率无显著差异(P0.05)。与手术前相比,两组患者术后的左心房内径变小,左室舒张末直径和收缩末直径增加,左室射血分数升高,二尖瓣反流面积缩少,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于冠心病合并重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的患者行二尖瓣成形术或置换术应根据患者的实际情况和病理特点选择最佳的手术方案,以提高手术的成功率和安全性。     

风湿性心脏病患者瓣膜置换术术前的临床高危因素分析与探讨

为了探讨风湿性心脏病患者瓣膜置换术术前的临床高危因素,本研究回顾性收集病历资料完整的风湿性心脏病患者资料110例,按术后是否死亡分为观察组(9例)和对照组(101例),观察组患者术后1个月内死亡,对照组患者手术治疗效果良好,无死亡。以术前一般资料、并发症、合并症、超声心动图及瓣膜病变类型为分析指标,并运用卡方χ~2检验进行术前临床危险因素的单因素分析,对单因素分析得出的术前临床危险因素运用Logistic回归法进行多因素分析。数据表明,病程≥15年、心功能Ⅲ级、ST-T改变、冠状动脉病变、左室舒张末内径≥70 mm、左室后壁厚度≥10 mm以及二尖瓣+主动脉瓣+三尖瓣病变是风湿性心脏病患者瓣膜置换术术前的独立高危因素(p均0.05)。由此可得出,风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术术前的心功能状态、疾病病程、瓣膜病变类型以及是否有合并冠状动脉系统病变是术后早期致死的高危因素,术前应对这些指标进行明确诊断和积极的围手术期处理,才能确保提升患者术后生存率,本研究为风湿性心脏病患者的临床治疗提供依据。     

超声心动图在肺心病患者心功能评价中的作用研究

为探讨超声心动图在肺心病患者心功能评价中的作用,本文通过选取2016年1月至2018年1月期间本院呼吸内科住院部肺心病患者80例作为病例组,同期选取本院健康体检中心的健康体检者80例作为对照组,对全部研究对象进行超声心动图检查。二维超声心动图测定左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVSD)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd)、室壁相对厚度(RWT)、左心室心肌指数(LVMI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、肺动脉主干内径(MPAD)、右心房横径(RAD)、右心室前后径(RVD)、右心室面积变化率(RV-FAC)。多普勒超声心动图测定肺动脉收缩压(PASP),三尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度(s’)、三尖瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)、三尖瓣舒张早期血流速度(E)与三尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(E’)的比值(E/E’)、三尖瓣舒张期血流速度比值(E/A)与右心室心肌做功指数(RV-MPI)。结果显示病例组LVESD、LVEDD、IVSD、LVPWd、RWT、LVMI、MPAD、RAD、RVD与PASP均明显高于对照组,P <0. 05,LVEF明显低于对照组,P <0. 05。病例组s’、TAPSE、RV-FAC明显低于对照组,P <0. 05。病例组E/E’与RV-MPI明显高于对照组,E/A明显低于对照组,P <0. 05。因此,超声心动图在肺心病患者心功能评价中的作用显著,在指导临床治疗方案的制定中具有重要的意义。     

瑞舒伐他汀强化治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI手术预后的影响

目的:探讨瑞舒伐他汀强化治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者PCI术预后的影响。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月我院收治的STEMI患者90例,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组各45例。研究组患者PCI术前及术后均给予瑞舒伐他汀强化治疗,对照组仅在术后给予瑞舒伐他汀治疗。观察并比较两组患者术中慢血流及无复流的发生率,TNI、CK-MB、NT-pro BNP及hs-CRP水平变化,以及左室舒张末期内径、左心房内径、左室射血分数、室间隔厚度。结果:研究组术中慢血流及无复流的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者治疗后TNI、CK-MB、NT-pro BNP、hs-CRP水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗后左室舒张末期内径、左心房内径、左室射血分数、室间隔厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:瑞舒伐他汀强化治疗可以有效降低STEMI患者心肌坏死及炎症反应的发生率,改善心室重构,值得临床推广应用。     

实时三维经胸超声心动图检测二尖瓣成形术前后左心房功能的变化及临床意义

目的:探讨实时三维经胸超声心动图检测左心房(LA)功能以评价二尖瓣成形术(MVR)疗效的价值。方法:选择87例二尖瓣关闭不全患者(病例组)分别在MVR术前及术后1 w、24 w采取实时三维经胸超声心动图检测LA的最大容积(maximum volume of LA,LAV_(max))、最小容积(the minimum volume of LA,LAV_(min))、收缩前容积(systolic volume,LAV_p)及射血分数(ejection fraction,LAEF)、被动射血分数(passive ejection fraction,LAPEF)及主动射血分数(active ejection fraction,LAAEF)等指标,并与同期80例健康志愿者作对照。结果:病例组术前LAV_(max)I、LAV_(min)I、LAV_pI、LAEF、LAPEF、LAAEF值与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后1 w、24 w,LAV_(max)I、LAV_(min)I、LAV_pI、LAEF、LAPEF持续改善(P0.05),LAPEF无明显变化(P0.05)。术后24 w,LA严重扩张由术前58.6%降低到12.6%,67.8%发生LA重构。结论:实时三维经胸超声心动图显示MVR术后LA容积与功能好转,对评价MVR的疗效有一定价值。     

微创经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移性肿瘤的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨微创经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取我院收治的60例脊柱转移瘤患者并随机分为两组,观察组(30例)行微创经皮椎体成形术治疗,对照组(30例)行开放性手术治疗。比较两组患者术后12、24、48 h的VAS评分、镇痛次数,术前及术后24、48 h的血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平,术前及术后3、6个月的Prolo评分。结果:术后12、24、48 h,两组患者的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分逐渐下降,且观察组VAS评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05),术后镇痛次数也明显少于对照组(P0.05)。术后24、48 h,两组患者血清CRP水平均明显低于术前,且观察组血清CRP水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后3、6个月,两组患者的Prolo评分均较术前明显提高,且观察组Prolo评分显著高于对照组(P0.05);随访3个月期间,两组并发症的发生情况相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:微创经皮椎体成形术可以明显减轻脊柱转移性瘤的疼痛,患者日常生活能力恢复较好,且安全性高。     

椎体成形术治疗脊柱压缩骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用方法与效果。方法:脊柱压缩骨折患者150例根据随机抽签法分为治疗组与对照组各75例,对照组给予传统开放性手术,治疗组给予椎体成形术。通过比较两组手术时间,术中出血量,术后住院时间,术后疼痛评分,术后局部Cobb角的差异评价治疗效果,其中,疼痛评分采用VAS量表,局部Cobb角通过脊椎侧围X片测定。结果:所有患者都顺利完成手术,无严重并发症发生,治疗组的术中出血量与术后住院时间明显少于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前疼痛评分对比差异无统计学意义,术后疼痛评分都呈现明显下降的趋势(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前局部Cobb角对比差异无统计学意义,术后局部Cobb角都明显下降(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的局部Cobb角都明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用能有效缓解疼痛程度,改善椎体前中部高度脊柱后凸情况,对于患者的创伤比较少,有很好的推广应用价值。     

二尖瓣返流患者PCI术后的短期随访研究

目的:研究PCI治疗缺血性二尖瓣返流患者的临床疗效。方法:入选2015年3月至2016年8月在第二军医大学附属长海医院心血管内科确诊为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病并植入支架(不包括急诊PCI、风湿性心脏病、心梗病史)的患者100例,将其分为无返流、轻度返流及中重度返流三组,对行PCI患者的术前与术后三月复查心脏彩超结果进行对比。结果:三组之间LVEF差异明显(62.57±2.76%vs 60.47±6.75%vs 48.54±9.96,p0.001);但各组之间的病变血管分布及支架植入个数比较差异并无明显统计学意义(P0.05);PCI术后二尖瓣返流改善值为(-0.43±0.51 mL vs 0.58±1.65 mL vs 4.27±5.12 mL,p0.001);LVEF变化值分别为(-0.13±3.05%vs 1.52±4.13%vs 6.23±6.87%,p0.001)。中重度返流患者PCI血运重建后返流量相对于轻度返流和无返流的患者明显减少(4.27±5.12 mL vs 0.58±1.65 mL,p0.001;4.27±5.12 mL vs-0.43±0.51 mL,p0.001),轻度返流组术后二尖瓣返流及LVEF较无返流组无明显改变(p0.05)。结论:LVEF和二尖瓣返流程度密切相关,而PCI对于重度缺血性二尖瓣返流疗效较好,但并未发现冠脉病变分布上及支架植入个数的差异。     

Surgery Issue: Solving the Puzzle of Chronic Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

Chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation is a prevalent problem among patients following a myocardial infarction. Until recently, the pathophysiology was poorly understood, resulting in surgical strategies with suboptimal results and limited durability. The surgical approach has evolved from revascularization alone to an additional mitral valve procedure, replacement, or repair. When the valve was repaired, isolated annuloplasty was performed. The dilemma that surgeons had when repairing a mitral valve was which type of ring to use and what size. In all series with annuloplasty alone, the results were poor with very high recurrence rates. The primary feature of ischemic mitral regurgitation is a prolapse of the anterior leaflet at A3 ± A2. This prolapse can be caused by fibrotic elongation of the papillary muscle supporting A3 ± A2 or tethering of P3 by a ballooning posterior left ventricular wall. Using a technique that corrects this prolapse with Gore-Tex neochords, we have achieved excellent results with effective and durable correction of the ischemic mitral regurgitation.     

Mitral annuloplasty ring flexibility preferentially reduces posterior suture forces

Annuloplasty ring repair is a common procedure for the correction of mitral valve regurgitation. Commercially available rings vary in dimensions and material properties. Annuloplasty ring suture dehiscence from the native annulus is a catastrophic yet poorly understood phenomenon that has been reported across ring types. Recognizing that sutures typically dehisce from the structurally weaker posterior annulus, our group is conducting a multi-part study in search of ring design parameters that influence forces acting on posterior annular sutures in the beating heart. Herein, we report the effect of ring rigidity on suture forces. Measurements utilized custom force sensors, attached to annuloplasty rings and implanted in normal ovine subjects via standard surgical procedure. Tested rings included the semi-rigid Physio (Edwards Lifesciences) and rigid and flexible prototypes of matching geometry. While no significant differences due to ring stiffness existed for sutures in the anterior region, posterior forces were significantly reduced with use of the flexible ring (rigid: 1.95 ± 0.96 N, semi-rigid: 1.76 ± 1.19 N, flexible: 1.04 ± 0.63 N; p < 0.001). The ratio of anterior to posterior F_C scaled positively with increasing flexibility (p < 0.001), and posterior forces took more time to reach their peak load when a flexible ring was used (p < 0.001). This suggests a more rigid ring enables more rapid/complete force equilibration around the suture network, transferring higher anterior forces to the weaker posterior tissue. For mitral annuloplasties requiring ring rigidity, we propose a ring design concept to potentially disrupt this force transfer and improve suture retention.     

超声心动图对缺血性二尖瓣反流血流动力学的研究

目的:应用超声心动图研究缺血性二尖瓣反流(IMR)所致左室、二尖瓣环动力学变化。方法:超声心动图检测86例缺血性二尖瓣反流患者(前壁心肌梗死49例,下壁心肌梗死37例)和30例正常人的心脏,测量左室参数及二尖瓣环形态参数。结果:IMR组左室EDV、ESV增加,LVEF减低,但与对照组无显著差异;二尖瓣环面积及位移与对照组有显著差异;不同部位心肌梗死均发生明显左室重构;下壁梗死组PPM-AMP明显延长。结论:超声心动图作为心肌梗死患者的常规检查,可以针对不同患者进行不同的参数检查,这也为临床医生选择个性化治疗方案和疗效评价提供了依据。     

室间隔缺损介入封堵和外科手术对瓣膜功能影响的对比研究

目的:通过对介入封堵治疗的室间隔缺损患者进行中长期临床随访,并和同期行外科修补手术的室间隔缺损患者进行对比,分析两种术式对心脏瓣膜功能的影响。方法:选择行介入封堵治疗患者279例(介入组),行外科手术修补治疗患者243例(手术组)。利用超声心动图检查瓣膜反流发生情况及随访转归情况,并对两组瓣膜反流的发生率进行对比研究。结果:术后短期介入组二尖瓣反流发生率较手术组高(P0.05),三尖瓣和主动脉瓣反流发生率两组相比无统计学差异。中长期随访中,三尖瓣反流、主动脉瓣反流以及二尖瓣反流两组相比均无统计学差异。结论:室间隔缺损介入封堵治疗疗效确切,安全性高,创伤较小。术前利用超声心动图对患者的严格筛选,术中熟练轻柔稳定的操作和适合封堵器的选择是减少介入封堵术后发生瓣膜反流最重要的因素。     

Echocardiographic imaging of tricuspid and pulmonary valve abnormalities in primary ovarian carcinoid tumor

Introduction

The anterior mitral leaflet cleft is an unusual congenital lesion most often encountered in association with other congenital heart defects. The isolated anterior leaflet cleft is quite a rare anomaly and is usually cause of mitral valve regurgitation. The importance of the lesion is that it is often correctable. When feasible, cleft suture and, eventually, annuloplasty are preferable to valve replacement. Echocardiography is the first choice technique in the evaluation of mitral valve disease, providing useful information about valve anatomy and hemodynamic parameters.

Case presentation

We present a case of an isolated anterior mitral leaflet cleft producing moderate-severe mitral regurgitation correctly identified by echocardiography and successfully surgically corrected.

Conclusion

Isolated cleft is a rare aberration, that has to be known in order to be diagnosed. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography is the most useful non invasive technique for cleft diagnosis and to indicate the right surgical correction.     

In-vivo mitral annuloplasty ring transducer: Implications for implantation and annular downsizing

Mitral annuloplasty has been a keystone to the success of mitral valve repair in functional mitral regurgitation. Understanding the complex interplay between annular-ring stresses and left ventricular function has significant implications for patient-ring selection, repair failure, and patient safety. A step towards assessing these challenges is developing a transducer that can be implanted in the exact method as commercially available rings and can quantify multidirectional ring loading. An annuloplasty ring transducer was developed to measure stresses at eight locations on both the in-plane and out-of-plane surfaces of an annuloplasty ring's titanium core. The transducer was implanted in an ovine subject using 10 sutures at near symmetric locations. At implantation, the ring was observed to undersize the mitral annulus. The flaccid annulus exerted both compressive (−) and tensile stresses (+) on the ring ranging from −3.17 to 5.34 MPa. At baseline hemodynamics, stresses cyclically changed and peaked near mid-systole. Mean changes in cyclic stress from ventricular diastole to mid-systole ranged from −0.61 to 0.46 MPa (in-plane direction) and from −0.49 to 1.13 MPa (out-of-plane direction). Results demonstrate the variability in ring stresses that can be introduced during implantation and the cyclic contraction of the mitral annulus. Ring stresses at implantation were approximately 4 magnitudes larger than the cyclic changes in stress throughout the cardiac cycle. These methods will be extended to ring transducers of differing size and geometry. Upon additional investigation, these data will contribute to improved knowledge of annulus-ring stresses, LV function, and the safer development of mitral repair techniques.     

DISC VARIANCE OF THE HARKEN MITRAL PROSTHESIS: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ASSOCIATED AORTIC REGURGITATION

Four cases of severe mitral regurgitation due to disc variance of the Harken disc prosthesis in the mitral position are described. The valve occluder actually escaped into the left atrium in two patients, and neither survived despite emergency valve replacement. In the other two, disc malfunction was identified by flouroscopy, the prosthesis was replaced, and both patients survived. All four patients had associated aortic regurgitation, which most likely contributed to erosion of the disc edges. It is suggested that patients with the Harken disc prosthesis undergo periodic evaluation to detect abnormal disc motion.