COX．2介导的TH2类细胞因子与重症肝炎的关系研究

目的：探讨重症肝炎与COX-2的关系,为临床防治重症肝炎提供新的治疗理论和方法。方法：用FH643A-γ测量仪检测50例肝病患者和25例正常对照血清中PGs代谢产物TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α的水平。结果：各组肝病患者血清中TXB2和6-keto-PGFlet的表达水平均明显高于正常人（P〈0．001）,并且随着病情的好转,T／6-K比值明显下降,但肝病患者各组间细胞因子水平无显著性差异（p〉0．05）。结论：检测重症肝炎患者血清TXB2、6-keto—PGF1α的水平和T／6-K比值不仅对揭示肝病发生发展过程有一定的实用价值．而且对监测病情转归和预后有重要临床意义。     

黄芪注射液对2型糖尿病动物模型KKAy小鼠脑微血管病变的影响

目的：观察黄芪注射液对2型糖尿病动物模型KKAy小鼠脑微血管病变的影响,探讨黄芪注射液对糖尿病脑血管病变的保护作用。方法：饲养至14周龄的雄性KKAy小鼠随机分成模型组和黄芪注射液治疗组（每日腹腔给药,剂量为3mL／kg）,同龄雄性C57BL／6J小鼠作为对照组。血糖仪测量20、24、28周龄时各组小鼠的空腹血糖水平。28周龄时处死各组小鼠,放射免疫法检测血清6-酮-前列腺素-F1α（6-Keto-PGF1α）和血栓素B2（TXB2）的含量。透射电子显微镜观察脑组织超微结构变化。结果：模型组KKAy小鼠从20周龄开始血糖水平明显高于正常组小鼠（P〈0．01）;黄芪治疗组小鼠从20周龄开始血糖水平明显高于正常组小鼠（P〈0．01）,但低于模型组小鼠（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。模型组小鼠血清6-Keto—PGF1α水平较正常组降低（P〈0．01）,TXB2含量增高（P〈0．01）;与模型组相比,黄芪注射液治疗组小鼠6-Keto—PGF1α水平升高（P〈O．01）,TXB：含量下降（P〈0．01）。透射电镜显示模型组小鼠神经细胞胞核染色质疏松,线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网缩小,核糖体减少;治疗组小鼠以上病变明显改善。结论：黄芪注射液可以有效改善2型糖尿病动物模型KKAv小鼠脑微血管病变,保护神经细胞结构。     

COX-2介导的TH2类细胞因子与重症肝炎的关系研究

目的:探讨重症肝炎与COX-2的关系,为临床防治重症肝炎提供新的治疗理论和方法.方法:用FH643A-γ测量仪检测50例肝病患者和25例正常对照血清中PGs代谢产物TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α的水平.结果:各组肝病患者血清中TXB2和6-keto-PGF1α的表达水平均明显高于正常人(P＜0.001),并且随着病情的好转,T/6-K比值明显下降,但肝痛患者各组间细胞因子水平无显著性差异(p＞0.05).结论:检测重症肝炎患者血清TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α的水平和T/6-K比值不仅对揭示肝病发生发展过程有一定的实用价值,而且对监测病情转归和预后有重要临床意义.     

恒河猴静脉内皮细胞培养的研究

利用胶原酶对恒河猴血管内皮细胞进行消化,以9.92±3.34×10~3个细胞/cm~2的接种率接种于35mm培养皿中原代培养,体外培养7.7±1.82天,细胞增长了7.39±5.04倍,以1:6及1:2比例分别传第一代、第二代共历时13.89±1.36天细胞增长了147.93±88.68倍。对原代及传代细胞进行染色体及第Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫荧光检查,证实所培养的细胞为内皮细胞。通过检测培养上清中vWF和PGF1α的含量,原代、第一代与第二代之间均无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

睾酮对内皮细胞妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察睾酮对内皮细胞妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)m RNA表达的影响。方法:人原代脐静脉内皮细胞,选择第3~4代生长状态良好的细胞用于实验。实验分组:1空白对照组;2肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α(终浓度100μg/L)培养细胞组;3TNF-α(终浓度100μg/L)及睾酮1×10-8mol/L培养细胞组;4睾酮1×10-8mol/L培养细胞组。实验结束后收集各组细胞,用RT-PCR方法检测各组细胞PAPP-A m RNA表达水平。结果:TNF-α作用2 h后,内皮细胞中PAPP-A m RNA表达水平升高(P0.05),且随TNF-α作用时间的延长,PAPP-A表达逐渐升高,在16小时达高峰;睾酮作用后,PAPP-A m RNA表达水平较TNF-α组明显降低(P0.01)。结论:TNF-α上调内皮细胞PAPP-A m RNA的表达,而睾酮抑制了TNF-α对PAPP-A分泌增加的刺激作用。     

脑血管内皮细胞Prmt5基因敲除导致小胶质细胞激活并影响血脑屏障完整性

目的：研究脑血管内皮细胞Prmt5基因敲除小鼠脑中小胶质细胞是否激活,及其对血脑屏障渗透性的影响。方法：通过免疫荧光和Western blot检测小鼠皮层、丘脑、小脑中小胶质细胞标志分子表达水平,探究脑血管内皮细胞Prmt5基因敲除小鼠脑中小胶质细胞是否激活,并通过实时定量PCR和Western blot检测不同脑区M1型(CD86、CD16、TNF-α)和M2型(Ym1、Arg1、IL-10)小胶质细胞标志物,考察激活小胶质细胞极化类型。利用集落刺激因子1受体(CSF1R)抑制剂PLX5622清除对照和Prmt5基因敲除小鼠脑中的小胶质细胞,通过实时定量PCR、免疫荧光检测小胶质细胞标志物表达水平,评价小胶质细胞耗竭效率;利用N-羟基磺酸基琥珀生物素(Sulfo-NHS-Biotin)染料灌注和示踪的方法评价耗竭小胶质细胞对脑血管内皮细胞Prmt5基因敲除小鼠血脑屏障完整性的影响。结果：脑血管内皮细胞Prmt5基因敲除导致小胶质细胞激活,小胶质细胞M1型标志物(CD16、CD86及TNF-α)及M2型标志物(Ym1、Arg1及IL-10)均表达上调。PLX5622处理导致小胶质细胞耗...     

内皮素-1与PGF2α单独或联合作用对心肌细胞的影响

目的:观测ET-1与PGF2α单独或联合作用对新生大鼠心肌细胞面积与凋亡率的影响,以探讨心肌细胞肥大与凋亡的关系.方法:分离培养新生大鼠心肌细胞,采用鬼笔环肽(phalloidin)荧光染色(定性)与细胞面积测量(定量)两种方法检测心肌细胞肥大;以Hoechst 33258荧光染色检测心肌细胞凋亡.结果:Phlloidin荧光染色显示ET-1或PGF2α单独处理组,心肌细胞肌原纤维纹理清晰,纤维增多且沿细胞长轴方向排列.而ET-1与PGF2α联合处理48 h组的肌原纤维出现纹理模糊与断裂现象.ET-1与PGF2α诱导心肌细胞肥大呈现一定的量-效关系:10nmol/L ET-1处理24 h组心肌细胞面积较对照组增加68%,100 nmol/L ET-1组增加84%.10 nmol/L PGF2α组增加28%,100 nmol/L PGF2α组增加106%.ET-1与PGF2α可协同引起心肌细胞肥大,但缺乏叠加效应:10nmol/LET-1与10 nmol/L PGF2α联合作用组增加80%;10 nmol/L ET-1与100 nmol/L PGF2α组增加122%;而100 nmol/LET-1与10 nmol/L PGF2α组增加96%;100 nmol/LET-1与100 nmol/L PGF2α组增加199%.ET-1与PGF2α单独作用缺乏明显的促心肌细胞凋亡作用.ET-1与PGF2α联合作用24 h对心肌细胞凋亡率亦无明显影响,作用48 h则使心肌细胞凋亡率呈显著性增加.ET-1或PGF2α先引起心肌细胞肥大后,促肥大因子亦可诱导心肌细胞凋亡,且心肌细胞凋亡率与其肥大程度呈正相关.结论:ET-1与PGF2α单独作用仅可促心肌细胞肥大,联合作用48 h则可促心肌细胞凋亡.     

衰老对AhR 及其血管生成相关因子表达的影响

目的:探讨芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,Ah R)在过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)衰老模型中表达的变化情况及其对血管生成相关因子表达的影响。方法:采用不同浓度的H_2O_2(100μM,200μM,300μM)处理HUVECs诱导内皮细胞衰老,通过β-半乳糖苷酶染色观察细胞衰老情况,Western blot检测HUVECs中Ah R蛋白以及血管生成相关因子低氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)蛋白表达,ELISA检测细胞培养上清液中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的变化。结果:与对照组相比,经过不同浓度H_2O_2处理后,HUVECs均出现细胞衰老表现,Ah R蛋白表达显著增加,HIF-1α以及VEGF蛋白表达明显减少,且均呈现出剂量依赖性,以300μM H_2O_2处理组最为显著。结论:在过氧化氢诱导衰老的人脐静脉内皮细胞中Ah R蛋白表达明显增加,HIF-1α和VEGF等促血管生成因子明显减少。     

大鼠脑缺血-再灌注前后血浆TXB2及6-Keto-PGF1α含量的变化

目的:本实验旨在揭示脑缺血-再灌注损伤前后大鼠血浆血栓素B2(TXB2)及6-酮前列腺环素F1(6-Keto-PGF1α)的动态变化.方法:制作脑缺血-再灌注大鼠模型,45只健康SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组和假手术组大鼠.在术后1天、3天、5天和7天分别观察大鼠血浆TXB2和6-Keto-PGF1α含量.结果:线栓大脑中动脉后造成脑缺血,血浆TXB2含量和TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值明显高于假手术组和正常对照组(p＜0.05或0.01),在缺血第1天最显著.结论:脑缺血-再灌注损伤后,血浆TXB2和TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α的变化规律可为临床缺血性脑损伤治疗提供重要参考.     

烟酸对HepG2细胞载脂蛋白M表达的影响及其机制

目的:探讨烟酸对HepG2细胞载脂蛋白M表达的影响及其机制。方法:分别以不同浓度的烟酸(0、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0mmol/L)干预HepG2细胞24h。提取各组细胞总RNA和蛋白质,分别采用实时R T-PCR和Western Blot检测载脂蛋白M的mRNA和蛋白的表达。采用实时R T-PCR检测肝细胞核因子-1αmRNA的表达。结果:烟酸呈剂量依赖性上调载脂蛋白M基因和蛋白、肝细胞核因子-1α基因的表达(P<0.05)。结论:烟酸可上调载脂蛋白M表达,其机制可能是通过上调肝细胞核因子-1α来实现的。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.