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凝集素在植物中的生理功能 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文介绍了近年来凝集素在豆科植物—根瘤菌共生结瘤固氮、植物防御和生长发育中所起作用的一些研究进展,并讨论了凝集素在植物体内的一些可能的生理功能。 相似文献
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神经肽Y(NPY)的生理功能研究进展 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
神经肽Y(NPY)是机体内的一种重要且保守的神经递质,一般以前体形式存在,释放的有活性的NPY主要通过与其受体结合发挥作用。NPY受体包含了亚型Y1、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5、Y6、Y7、Y8。Y1和Y2是NPY发挥收缩血管作用的关键受体;Y1、Y2和Y5是NPY调节动物摄食行为的关键受体;Y1、Y2和Y4是NPY调控动物焦虑、沮丧行为的必要受体。着重对NPY与其各种受体结合后如何行使动物的相关生理功能的情况进行了阐述。 相似文献
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人们对于甜菜碱的认识是随着酿酒工业的发展而开始的。西方国家不主张在酒中加入食糖以提高酒精含量,因为食糖在酒中迅速降解,测定糖含量并非易事。如果加入的是甜菜糖,其中甜菜碱结构稳定,含量虽低却始终存在,可以测定酒中甜菜碱含量来监测酒中含糖量。在研究甜菜碱的过程中,人们了解了它的许多性质。甜菜碱是含氮化合物,分子式 相似文献
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植物N-酰基乙醇胺(NAEs)的代谢机制及其生理功能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
N-酰基乙醇胺是植物组织中由N-酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺水解生成的脂肪酸氨基化合物,并能在酰胺水解酶和脂氧合酶的作用下进一步发生水解或氧化反应。作为细胞中微量的脂质组分,N-酰基乙醇胺参与了植物细胞防卫系统的信号转导事件,且对植物种子萌发等生命活动具有生理调节功能。本文综述了近年来N-酰基乙醇胺的相关研究进展,主要包括植物体中N-酰基乙醇胺的种类、分布及其代谢机制,并着重介绍了其生理功能。 相似文献
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硼营养与植物细胞壁关系的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
植物必需的7种微量元素中,植物缺硼最为普遍,因而引起人们的广泛关注。半个多世纪以来,学者们对硼的生理功能和硼肥应用进行了广泛的研究,为农业生产作出了重大贡献。但由于硼元素的特殊性,至今对硼在植物体内的存在形式和基本生理功能仍不十分清楚。不同植物的缺硼症状尽管各不相同,但一个显著的共同特征就是根尖和茎尖的伸长首先受到抑制。顶端生长依赖于细胞分裂和细胞伸长,由此可见,硼必然首先影响分生组织的细胞分裂和细胞伸长。硼对细胞分裂的影响已进行了大量的研究。Whittington〔1〕曾报道缺硼减少大豆有丝分… 相似文献
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The mobility of boron in plants 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In order to investigate a possible remobilization of boron, tomato plants were first exposed to excessive supplies of B and thereafter transferred to B-free nutrient solutions. Almost all the gain of top biomass after this transfer consisted of the growth of pre-existing immature leaves. Little new growth occurred before severe B deficiency became apparent. Boron was moved out of stems, but there was no evidence for a transfer of B from leaf blades into new tissues at the top.Although the B concentration in roots was low after the transfer to the B-free solution, there was a manyfold increase in root biomass. Consequently, the B content of the entire root system increased.It is concluded that little B was remobilized and transported into plant tops, whereas a small but adequate amount was remobilized and transported to the roots. 相似文献
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近年来国外学者发现杨树(Populus spp.)对硼表现出很强的富集能力和极强的耐受能力, 但其耐硼胁迫的生理机制和种间差异仍不清楚。该研究通过两年的硼梯度控制试验, 探讨了硼胁迫对欧洲黑杨杂交种俄罗斯杨(Populus russkii)和银白杨变种新疆杨(P. bolleca)的生长和生理指标的影响。结果表明, 新疆杨的耐高硼能力高于俄罗斯杨, 其高硼伤害阈值(EC10)为35 mg·kg–1, 俄罗斯杨为19 mg·kg–1。两种杨树的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和愈创木酚过氧化物酶(Gu-POD)活性随硼浓度升高而升高, 超过EC10后显著下降。尽管两种杨树的叶绿素含量和光化学效率在硼胁迫下降低, 但抗硼胁迫能力较强的新疆杨仍然保持了较高的叶绿素a/b值和热耗散能力(非光化学淬灭升高), 因此有效地保护了该树种的光合能力。两种杨树的可溶性糖含量随硼胁迫加重而适应性升高, 以维持其抗渗透能力, 但其叶片可溶性蛋白含量仅在中低强度的硼胁迫条件下有所升高。该研究明确了两个富集硼的杨树种对高硼胁迫的生理响应及其种间差异。 相似文献
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近年来国外学者发现杨树(Populus spp.)对硼表现出很强的富集能力和极强的耐受能力, 但其耐硼胁迫的生理机制和种间差异仍不清楚。该研究通过两年的硼梯度控制试验, 探讨了硼胁迫对欧洲黑杨杂交种俄罗斯杨(Populus russkii)和银白杨变种新疆杨(P. bolleca)的生长和生理指标的影响。结果表明, 新疆杨的耐高硼能力高于俄罗斯杨, 其高硼伤害阈值(EC10)为35 mg·kg-1, 俄罗斯杨为19 mg·kg-1。两种杨树的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和愈创木酚过氧化物酶(Gu-POD)活性随硼浓度升高而升高, 超过EC10后显著下降。尽管两种杨树的叶绿素含量和光化学效率在硼胁迫下降低, 但抗硼胁迫能力较强的新疆杨仍然保持了较高的叶绿素a/b值和热耗散能力(非光化学淬灭升高), 因此有效地保护了该树种的光合能力。两种杨树的可溶性糖含量随硼胁迫加重而适应性升高, 以维持其抗渗透能力, 但其叶片可溶性蛋白含量仅在中低强度的硼胁迫条件下有所升高。该研究明确了两个富集硼的杨树种对高硼胁迫的生理响应及其种间差异。 相似文献
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多年生黑麦草的逆境生理研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在研究和借鉴国内外最新研究成果的基础上,系统论述和报道了多年生黑麦草在水分、温度以及重金属等逆境胁迫下的生理变化,展望了多年生黑麦草在逆境生理方面的研究趋势,指出多年生黑麦草的抗性机理以及相关分子生物学方面的研究将成为未来研究的重点和热点,为今后深入开展多年生黑麦草的研究和利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Translocation and effectiveness of foliar-fertilized boron in broccoli plants of varying boron status 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
The translocation and effectiveness of foliar-fertiilized boron (B) was investigated in broccoli plants supplied via the root system with luxury, sufficient or deficient levels of B. 10B-enriched boric acid was applied three times to lower leaves, beginning one week prior to inflorescence emergence, and the shoot and floret yields, as well as the 10B and 11B contents or concentrations of xylem sap, phloem exudate and various plant parts, were determined three weeks after inflorescence emergence. The amount of 10B translocated in phloem from fed leaves to the remainder of the shoot did not exceed 0.5%, of that supplied, but it was inversely related to plant-B status. The partitioning of translocated 10B to florets (16–30%) and the degree of enhancement in floret yield (28–75%) was also inversely related to plant-B status. It is concluded that foliar-B fertilization may be more effective for preventing B deficiency than soil-derived B in leaves.Abbreviations
10B/11B
mass isotopes of boron
- DM
dry matter
- FF
foliar fertilization
- RF
root fertilization 相似文献
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In species in which boron (B) mobility is limited, B deficiency only occurs in growing plant organs. As a consequence of the highly localized patterns of plant growth and the general immobility of B it has been extremely difficult to determine the primary function of B in plants. In species in which B is phloem mobile, the removal of B from the growth medium results in the depletion of B present in mature leaves. Thus, it is possible to develop mature leaves with increasingly severe levels of B depletion, thereby overcoming the complications of experiments based on growing tissues. Utilizing this approach we demonstrate here that B depletion of mature plum (Prunus salicina) leaves did not result in any discernible change in leaf appearance, membrane integrity or photosynthetic capacity even though B concentrations were reduced to 6-8 µg/g dwt, which is less than 30% of the reported tissue B requirement. Boron depletion, however, results in a severe disruption of plant growth and metabolism in young growing tissues. This experimental evidence and theoretical considerations suggest that the primary and possibly sole function of B, is as a structural component of growing tissues. 相似文献
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C3植物光呼吸及其生理功能 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
概述了影响光呼吸的因素、光呼吸调控的研究概况,以及光呼吸的生理功能,包括光保护、在氨代谢及谷胱甘肽合成中的作用,并提出了下一步需要解决的问题。 相似文献