New Diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata （Burm. f.） Nees

To investigate diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata （Burm. f.） Nees, three new ent-labdane diterpenoids, namely 19-norandrographolides A-C （compounds 1-3）, were isolated from the ethanolic extract of A. paniculata. Their structures were established by HRESIMS and NMR spectral data in combination with X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

PURIFICATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF CELLULASE FROM ODONTOTERMES FORMOSANUS （ISOPTERA： TERMITIDAE）

The purification of the cellulase from Odontotermes forrnosanus workers was achieved by using anion-exchange column of UNOsphere Q, BioLogic DuoFlow chromatography system. The purified cellulase was identified as an endoglucanase and some of its properties were investigated. The EGase activity was 807.5-fold as high as the initial enzyme activity using CMC as substrate and 14.4-fold using salicin as substrate. The enzyme preparations were homogeneous as judged by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, molecular weight of which was 80 kDa and confirmed by 2-DE zymogram analysis. The enzyme was isoelectric at pH 6.4, which was active on CMC substrate.     

SYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION OF FLUORINATED BENZIMIDAZOLE AND BENZENE NUCLEOSIDE-5′-TRIPHOSPHATES

The expression “universal base” is very often used to express hybridization properties and recognition patterns of nucleosides. Their behaviour in biological applications, however, is of great interest regarding, e.g., their incorporation by polymerases. The 4,6-difluorobenzimidazole and the 2,4-difluorobenzene nucleoside analogues have proven to be universal bases that do not discriminate between the four natural nucleobases in RNA duplexes. Therefore, we synthesized the corresponding triphosphates to evaluate their behavior in polymerase catalyzed reactions and to investigate their ability to serve as substrates for the T7 RNA polymerase.     

A NEW GENUS AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF DIASPIDAE FROM CHINA

In the course of studying the fauna of Coccoidea of China, three new species of Diaspididae were found, they belong to three genera, of which one is new to science, and another two new to China. This paper will be devoted to describing and figuring     

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF NOCTUIDAE FROM CHINA(LEPIDOPTERA)

In this paper, a new genus and species of Noetuidae are reported. Type specimenis kept in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Jingia, gen. nov. Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely porrect to just beyond frons, the 3rdjoint very short; frons with rounded prominence, with corneous plate below it; eyeslarge, rounded, naked; head and thorax elothed with hairs and few scales; fore tibiae     

SIX NEW SPECIES OF TINOCALLIS MATSUMURA AND A NEW SPECIES OF SINOTHERIOAPHIS ZHANG, GEN. NOV. FROM CHINA (APHIDOIDEA: CALLAPHIDIDAE)

This paper deals with 12 species of Callaphididae from China. Among them 7 species and a genus are described as new to science. All the types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica. Tinocallis hemipteleae Zhang, sp. nov. (figs. 1—12) Allied to T. takachihoensis Higuchi, 1972, but forewing with pigment bordering the veins, with spots at apices of veins, and with apical 1/5 of Rs indistinct; 1st segment of all tarsi with 7 setae; 3rd antennal segment with 14—18 transversely elongate sensoria.     

DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF MEGAPHRAGMA AND PARAMEGAPHRAGMA GEN. NOV. (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) FROM CHINA

This is the fourth part of a series of papers on Chinese Trichogrammatidae. 3 newspecies of the genus Megaphragma Timberlake and 2 new species of an allied new genusParamegaphragma (gen. nov.) are described. A key to 3 species of Megaphragma is pre-pared. All the type specimens are mounted on slides and deposited in the Biological con-trol Research Institute, Fujian Agricultural College.     

STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR THE ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF COLD-ACTIVE β-GALACTOSIDASE FROM Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus: A NOVEL MARINE PSYCHROPHILE FROM DEEP WATERS OF BAY OF BENGAL

In the present investigation Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus, a novel species from the deep waters of the Bay of Bengal, was explored for the production of cold-active β-galactosidase by submerged fermentation using marine broth medium as the basal medium. Effects of various medium constituents, namely, carbon, nitrogen source, pH, and temperature, were investigated using a conventional one-factor-at-a-time method. It was found that lactose, yeast extract, and bactopeptones are the most influential components for β-galactosidase production. Under optimal conditions, the production of β-galactosidase was found to be 3,864 U/mL at 20 ± 2°C, pH 6.5 ± 0.2, after 48 hr of incubation. β-Galactosidase production was further optimized by the Taguchi orthogonal array design of experiments and the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology. Under optimal experimental conditions the cold-active β-galactosidase enzyme production from Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus was enhanced from 3,864 U/mL to 10,657 U/mL, which is almost three times higher than the cold-active β-galactosidase production from the well-reported psychrophile Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.     

TAXONOMY, MYCOGEOGRAPHY AND ECTO-MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATION OF THE BOLETALES FROM CHINA Ⅰ. FAMILY STROBILOMYCETACEAE

TAXoNOMYSPeciesintheorderBoIetalesisusual1yrnycorrhizalandsaprobic,occasionallyhyperpansihc,mostareedjble,afewpoisonous.ThebasidiocarPsarefleshy,readi1ydecay,withtubularhymenoPhore.CommoulyareaccePted2driilies:inthebolyStrobi1omycetaceae,thesporesareomamentedwithsuperficialsculptUring,orperforate-punctate,oulynalysmoothwhenyoung.InthebolyBoletaCeae,thesporesarealwnyssmooth,onlyrarelyroughinmature.FamilyStrobilomycetaceaeKeytothegeneral.Hymenophorewhite,pallidorgrayishwhenyoung,becoming…     

ANACHOROPTÉRIS INVOLUTA AND ITS ATTACHMENT TO A TUBICAULIS TYPE OF STEM FROM THE PENNSYLVANIAN OF IOWA

Hall , John W. (U. Minnesota, Minneapolis.) Anachoropteris involuta and its attachment to a Tubicaulis type of stem from the Pennsylvanian of Iowa. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(8): 731–737. Illus. 1961.—Petioles referable to Anachoropteris involuta are described, attached to a stem which most nearly corresponds to a member of the genus Tubicaulis. These petioles are attached in a 2/5 phyllotaxy. At their points of departure petiole traces are massive and C-shaped but become involute in regions away from their attachment. Adventitious roots were borne on the stem in partial whorls. It is suggested that Anachoropteris petioles were extremely long and that they bore adventitious stems at intervals. These, in turn, bore adventitious roots, perhaps to serve for uptake of minerals or support in regions removed from the true stem. Such a “petiole unit” may also have functioned as a vegetative propagule. This would account for the apparent rarity of true stems and the abundance of petioles in coal balls.     

ENANTIOSELECTIVE ACYLATION OF β-PHENYLALANINE ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES CATALYZED BY PENICILLIN G ACYLASE FROM Alcaligenes faecalis

This study developed a simple, efficient method for producing racemic β-phenylalanine acid (BPA) and its derivatives via the enantioselective acylation catalyzed by the penicillin G acylase from Alcaligenes faecalis (Af-PGA). When the reaction was run at 25°C and pH 10 in an aqueous medium containing phenylacetamide and BPA in a molar ratio of 2:1, 8 U/mL enzyme and 0.1 M BPA, the maximum BPA conversion efficiency at 40 min only reached 36.1%, which, however, increased to 42.9% as the pH value and the molar ratio of phenylacetamide to BPA were elevated to 11 and 3:1, respectively. Under the relatively optimum reaction conditions, the maximum conversion efficiencies of BPA derivatives all reached about 50% in a relatively short reaction time (45–90 min). The enantiomeric excess value of product (ee_p ) and enantiomeric excess value of substrate (ee_s ) were all above 98% and 95%, respectively. These results suggest that the method established in this study is practical, effective, and environmentally benign and may be applied to industrial production of enantiomerically pure BPA and its derivatives.