酵母菌株和发酵条件对酒精连续发酵的影响

从多株酒精酵母菌种中筛选出S．cerevisiaeKG作为连续发酵菌株,该菌株经耐酸驯化,提高了抵抗不利环境的能力。本论文还探讨了二氧化碳、氧气对酒精发酵过程的影响,认为氧气最一关键性的影响因素。在另一方面,在酒精连续发酵过程中使用带有细胞循环的双罐系统,酒精生产强度达到30．5g／L·h。     

肝素酶产生菌的筛选及发酵条件

从土壤中筛选到一株活性较高的肝素酶产生菌株Corynebacterium sp.。培养及产酶最佳条件表明,最适培养基组成(g/L)：胰蛋白胨20,氯化钠1,磷酸氢二钾25,硫酸镁05,麦芽糖20,pH65。最适生长温度27℃,最佳产酶温度31℃。在500mL三角瓶中装40mL培养基,在30℃,200r/min摇床上培养24 h,每升发酵液可产酶1700u。     

细菌木聚糖酶高产菌的选育及产酶条件

木聚糖是一种在植物体内大量存在的半纤维素,是在自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的一种可再生植物纤维。木聚糖酶(ｘｙｌａｎａｓｅ,ＥＣ3.2.1.8)是一类能够特异降解木聚糖的酶类。近年来,人们将其广泛用于造纸工业的纸浆生物处理,与其他消化酶类一起用作饲料添加剂,以及应用于食品加工工业和纺织工业等。木聚糖酶可以由许多种微生物产生[1],我国多集中于霉菌木聚糖酶的研究。本文报告了一株细菌木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件的研究结果。1　材料和方法11　菌株本实验室分离、保存的木聚糖酶产生菌ＷＸＵＬＩ11及其突变株ＷＬＵＮ024。12　培养…     

产胞外木聚糖酶链霉菌发酵条件的正交试验

通过正变试验,设计出适合链霉菌（Streptomycessp.Strz—6）产胞外木聚糖酶的发酵条件,培养基（g／L）含麦草半纤维素5,NaNO31.67,酵母膏2,乳糖2,Tween801.5K2HPO4·3H2O1,MgSO4·7H2O0.5,NaCl0．3,微量元素B、Mn、Fe、Zn、Mo。接种量为1．4×108个孢子／50ml培养基,振荡,（120r／min）培养5d.     

离子注入选育高产木聚糖酶黑曲霉及其发酵条件研究

以黑曲霉A3为出发菌,利用离子注入技术选育出一株遗传性状稳定的木聚糖酶高产突变株AN497,其产酶水平较出发菌从野生型A3菌株的405.6IU/ml提高到586.2IU/ml,即酶产量增加了44.5%;对高产菌进行发酵条件优化,发现以玉米芯粉为主要碳源、用蔗糖代替葡萄糖作为附加碳源,对木聚糖酶的发酵具有明显的促进作用;采用复合的无机氮源 (NH4)2SO4和NaNO3,(1: 2)浓度以10g/L为宜;菌株对发酵通氧量具有较高的要求,摇瓶转速在230r/min时的产酶水平较200r/min要高;通过发酵条件的优化,高产菌株的产酶活力最高可达671.1IU/mL,比出发菌株的产酶量提高了65.5%。     

衣康酸高产菌株的选育及发酵工艺研究

用多种诱变法对衣康酸产生菌原始菌株进行诱变,得到高产菌株16株,采用“正交试验-中心试验-正交试验”的策略优化培养基,对影响衣康酸生产的原料、水质等进行了研究。所得高产菌株生产适应性强,产酸水平为65g/100ml,残还原糖小于01g/100ml,摇床发酵周期小于96h,500L发酵罐发酵周期小于70h。     

一株产生糖脂菌种的初步鉴定及发酵条件的考察

对从炼油厂附近的油污土样中分离纯化出的 1株杆菌进行了鉴定。该细菌为革兰氏阳性 ,有芽孢 ,可运动、不抗酸 ,能发酵豆油、色拉油形成稳定的乳化液。其细胞形态、培养特征和生理生化特性 ,基本上与凝结芽孢杆菌一致。研究了该菌株生产糖脂的摇瓶发酵工艺条件 ,进行了 10L罐发酵实验 ,糖脂产量达到 7.0 73g/L。     

少根根霉γ-亚麻酸高产菌株选育及发酵条件优化

经过He-Ne激光复合氯化锂对孢子诱变,以及He-Ne激光处理原生质体的方法,从一株产γ-亚麻酸(GLA)的原始菌株少根根霉(Rhizopus arrhizus)R8中选育出突变株RC378,摇瓶培养菌体油脂含量47.8%,其中GLA占油脂的12.6%,比原始菌株油脂含量提高了130.8%,GLA含量提高了276.7%。突变株油脂组分较原始菌株具明显差异。以麸皮、玉米粉为主要原料固态发酵干基油脂含量保持在9.4%~12.9%, GLA含量在9.8%~12.6%。     

OPTIMIZATION OF FERMENTATION CONDITIONS AND PURIFICATION OF CORDYCEPIN FROM Cordyceps militaris

The fermentation medium and conditions for the production of cordycepin were optimized in static culture using single-factor experiments, Placket–Burman design, a central composite design, and response surface methodology. Among seven variables including temperature, pH, and the concentrations of glucose, tryptone, yeast extract, KH₂PO₄, and MgSO₄ · 7H₂O, temperature and the concentrations of yeast extract and tryptone were found to be the important factors that significantly affected cordycepin production. The optimized medium consisted of yeast extract 9.00 g/L and tryptone 17.10 g/L, while the optimized culture conditions consisted of seed age 3 days, with an inoculum size of 10% and incubation temperature of 27.1°C. A maximum cordycepin yield of 7.35 g/L was achieved in a 5-L fermenter under the optimized conditions. Next, cordycepin was partially purified and determined. The resulting product showed 90.54% high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–ultraviolet (UV) purity. Therefore, cordycepin was applied to a cell viability assay on SH-SY5Y cells and RM-1 cells. Cordycepin can inhibit the proliferation of RM-1 cells with IC₅₀ of 133 µmol/L, but it has no inhibitory effect on SH-SY5Y cells.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology to view the supplemental file.     

乳酸菌素片生产菌菌株特性及产酸条件的研究

对乳酸菌素片生产菌嗜酸乳杆菌菌株的某些特性如质粒、抗药性、遗传稳定性、β－半乳糖甘酶含量以及产酸条件进行了研究。最佳产酸条件为２０％脱脂乳,自然ｐＨ,３７℃发酵７２ｈ,产酸４４３°Ｔ。     

THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND INITIAL GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION ON THE FERMENTATION PROCESS IN THE PRESENCE OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae YEAST STRAIN IMMOBILIZED ON STARCH GELS BY REVERSED-FLOW GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

The technique of reversed-flow gas chromatography (RFGC) was employed for the determination of the alcoholic fermentation phases and of kinetic parameters for free and immobilized cell systems, at different initial glucose concentrations and temperature values. In addition to this, due to its considerable advantages over other techniques, RFGC was used for the characterization of a new biocatalyst, yeast cells immobilized on starch gel, and especially wheat starch gel. Immobilization of wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae AXAZ-1 was accomplished on wheat and corn starch gels in order to prepare new biocatalysts with great interest for the fermentation industry. The RFGC led with great accuracy, resulting from a literature review, to the determination of reaction rate constants and activation energies at each phase of the fermentation processes. A maximum value of rate constants was observed at initial glucose concentration of 205 g/L, where a higher number of yeast cells was observed. The increase of glucose concentrations had a negative influence on the growth of AXAZ-1 cells and rate constants were decreased. The decrease of fermentation temperature caused a substantial reduction in the viability of immobilized cells as well as in rate constant values. Activation energies of corn starch gel presented lower values than those of wheat starch gel. However, the two supports showed higher catalytic efficiency than free cell systems, proving that starch gels may act as a promoter of the catalytic activity of the yeast cells involved in the fermentation process.     

林可链霉菌黑色素生物合成基因的克隆与表达

以pIJ702的melCl－C2基因为探针杂交林可链霉菌（Streptomyceslincolnensis）78－11染色体DNA,呈现出3．2kb的BamHI片段和2．6kb的SphI片段等一系列阳性条带。构建了含3．0～3．5kbBamHI片段的林可链霉菌78-11基因文库,从中分离克隆了黑色素生物合成基因melCl和melC2,并测定了含有mel基因的重组子pRSB336插入片段的全部DNA顺序。3152bpBamHI片段含有5个开放阅读框架,其中melCl和melC2与链霉菌属三个种的相应基因具有较高的同源性。此外,林可链霉菌78－11的melC2基因产物与人和鼠的酪氨酸酶轻微同源,分别为17．3％和24．5％。种种迹象表明,melCl、melC2和orf3组成黑色素生物合成操纵子结构。为了进一步鉴定上述克隆的林可链霉菌78-11黑色素生物合成基因,构建了分别含有新霉素抗性基因启动子和正反方向mel基因的重组质粒pPZ518和pPZ519,并转化变铅青链霉菌TK23。随机挑选的12个pPZ518转化子在R2YE培养基上均能分泌淡褐色色素,而所有的pPZ519和pES1转化子则都呈白色。     

SCREENING OF IRON- AND ZINC-ENRICHED YEAST STRAIN AND OPTIMIZATION OF CULTIVATION CONDITIONS

Saccharomyces cerevisiae LN-17 was selected from 26 kinds of primary yeast strains that belong to different genera and species. The iron- and zinc-enriched capability of strain LN-17 was higher than the others. The highest iron and zinc contents of the strain were obtained when the strain grew up under the following conditions: The strain was incubated (5%, v/v) in 50 mL wort medium (pH 6.0) with 100 mg/L Fe ion and 120 mg/L Zn ion. The medium was loaded into a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask and shaken in a rotary shaker (200 rpm) at 30°C for 60 h. Ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate were chosen as the source of Fe and Zn. The Fe and Zn contents of the dry cells were determined by atomic absorption spectrum analysis. Under the optimized cultivation conditions, the Fe and Zn contents reached 7.854 mg/g dry cells and 4.976 mg/g dry cells.     

离子注入麦角甾醇酵母选育及发酵工艺

通过离子注入诱变筛选到产麦角甾醇酵母高产菌,得率较出发菌提高55％～60％。对高产菌进行发酵条件优化,发现其对发酵通氧量有更高的要求,培养基中添加10％的糖或0．1％的Ca（NO3）2对麦角甾醇发酵有明显促进作用。     

羊毛生物整理复合酶L86发酵工艺优化研究

采用L9（34）正交试验对L86复合酶生产菌的发酵培养基进行优化、并通过溶氧浓度调节和中期补加蛋白水解液对发酵过程进行调控。结果表明较优的培养基组成为（g/100ml）：黄豆粉4.0、玉米粉1.0、鱼粉0.6、蚕蛹粉0.6、CaCl20.5、NH4Cl1.0、Na2HPO4·2H2O 0.4;通气量控制30h前1:0.5、30-50h1:1.0、50h后1:1.2 v/v/m。在上述条件下摇瓶,酸性蛋白酶酶活10000u/ml、纤维素CMC酶3600u/ml;在0.5m3搅拌罐中扩大中试平均发酵单位酸性蛋白酶5500u/ml、纤维素CMC酶2200u/ml。     

产蓝色素放线菌细胞化学组分及16S rDNA序列分析

对分离自南京土壤中的一株高产水溶性蓝色素的放线菌菌株Streptomyces sp.进行了细胞化学组分及16S rDNA序列分析。细胞化学组分分析结果表明待定菌株的细胞壁含LL－DAP及甘氨酸,全细胞水解物含葡萄糖及核糖,全细胞脂肪酸组分主要为14－17碳的脂肪酸,其中anteiso-15和iso-16为主要组分,应归入链霉菌属。基于16S rDNA序列的聚类结果表明所选菌株基本分成9个分支,能够产生可溶性蓝色素的菌株聚成其中两个分支,即以S.coelicolor为代表的分支和以S.cyaneus为代表的分支,待定菌株与Streptomyces in-digocolor的相似性为99.4%,属于S.cyaneus分支。     

糙皮侧耳和康氏木霉二步混合发酵生产饲料蛋白的研究

研究了糙皮侧耳 (Pleurotusostreatus)和康氏木霉C 3(TrichodermaKoningiiC 3)降解稻草生产饲料蛋白的发酵工艺。发酵产物的粗蛋白含量达到 2 2 .7% ,粗纤维降解率为 34 %。     

L-天冬酰胺酶工程菌株培养条件及稳定性

L-天冬酰胺酶工程菌株的酶活和表达水平受菌体生物量和诱导时间的影响。在生物量Ａ６００03×１０左右,热诱导4h酶活力和表达水平可达到较高水平。葡萄糖对酶的生成有阻遏作用,当葡萄糖浓度大于025%时,对工程菌酶的合成造成阻遏。确定了工程菌培养的培养基、pH值、接种量等因素。重组质粒pASN在\%E.coli\% JM105,TG1和AS1357等宿主菌中具有很好的稳定性,工程菌培养50代以上重组质粒保留90%以上,在LB和M\|3培养基中也较稳定。     

玉米胚性愈伤组织的长期继代及其染色体分析

对５种基因型幼胚诱导的愈伤组织继代培养表明,玉米胚性愈伤组织的长期继代受基因型,培养基成分,激素,培养条件的影响。适时继代,逐代筛选对胚性保持起重要作用。适当降低培养温度（１２±２℃）有利于愈伤组织的保存和胚性保持,可以减少愈伤组织长期继代所需的物质和工作量。长期继代培养的胚性愈伤组织,胚状体发生能力和植株再生率无显著变化,但正常苗的再生频率显著下降。观察愈伤组织细胞染色体发现：（１）基因型对不同倍性细胞的比例有明显影响。（２）随着继代时间的延长,二倍体细胞下降,四倍体和非二倍体细胞增多。（３）愈伤组织中出现多种染色体结构变异,这些结构变异有可能导致非整倍体细胞的形成。     

EVALUATION OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM CAROB PODS BY Zymomonas mobilis AND Saccharomyces cerevisiae IN SOLID SUBMERGED FERMENTATION

Bioethanol production from carob pods has attracted many researchers due to its high sugar content. Both Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been used previously for this purpose in submerged and solid-state fermentation. Since extraction of sugars from the carob pod particles is a costly process, solid-state and solid submerged fermentations, which do not require the sugar extraction step, may be economical processes for bioethanol production. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioethanol production in solid submerged fermentation from carob pods. The maximum ethanol production of 0.42 g g^?1 initial sugar was obtained for Z. mobilis at 30°C, initial pH 5.3, and inoculum size of 5% v/v, 9 g carob powder per 50 mL of culture media, agitation rate 0 rpm, and fermentation time of 40 hr. The maximum ethanol production for S. cerevisiae was 0.40 g g^?1 initial sugar under the same condition. The results obtained in this research are comparable to those of Z. mobilis and S. cerevisiae performance in other culture mediums from various agricultural sources. Accordingly, solid submerged fermentation has a potential to be an economical process for bioethanol production from carob pods.