链霉菌C-3662产生的纤溶活性蛋白酶的纯化与理化性质

 从链霉菌 C- 3662发酵上清液中 ,通过硫酸铵沉淀 ,CM- Sepharose Fast Flow和 Phenyl-Sepharose Fast Flow等层析色谱 ,分离纯化得到了具有纤溶活性的蛋白酶 CGW- 3,反向 HPLC鉴定纯度为 90 % ;每立升发酵上清液可得到 8mg纯品 ,活性回收率 46% ,CGW- 3为一单肽链蛋白 ,分子量 2 2 72 1 ,对丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 PMSF敏感 ,对 EDTA不敏感 ;其 N端 1 5个氨基酸的顺序为 VVGGTRAAQGEFPFM,与微生物来源的胰蛋白酶类丝氨酸蛋白酶有较高的同源性 . CGW- 3的等电点 p I9.0 ,纤溶活性的最适 p H为 7.5～ 8.0 ,对温度比较敏感 .CGW- 3不仅具有直接降解纤维蛋白作用 ,而且能够激活纤溶酶原     

Purification and characterization of a propanol-tolerant neutral protease from Bacillus sp. ZG20

Abstract

A propanol-tolerant neutral protease was purified and characterized from Bacillus sp. ZG20 in this study. This protease was purified to homogeneity with a specific activity of 26,655?U/mg. The recovery rate and purification fold of the protease were 13.7% and 31.5, respectively. The SDS-PAGE results showed that the molecular weight of the protease was about 29?kDa. The optimal temperature and pH of the protease were 45?°C and 7.0, respectively. The protease exhibited a good thermal- and pH stability, and was tolerant to 50% propanol. Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺ and Tween-80 could improve its activity. The calculated K_m and V_max values of the protease towards α-casein were 12.74?mg/mL and 28.57?µg/(min mL), respectively. This study lays a good foundation for the future use of the neutral protease from Bacillus sp. ZG20.     

An Organic Solvent-Tolerant Alkaline Lipase from Cold-Adapted Pseudomonas mandelii: Cloning,Expression, and Characterization

Various yeast strains were screened for production of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA) from 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BD) by a resting cell system. Many yeasts were found to oxidize 1,3-BD to 3-HBA. Among them, Hansenula anomala IFO 0195 produced (S)-(+)-3-HBA of the highest optical purity. Reaction temperature and addition of glucose were significantly effective on the optical .purity and production of the acid. When resting cells of this strain were incubated at 27°C in an optimal reaction mixture containing 60.0 mg/ml 1,3-BD, 2.0% CaC0₃, and 1.0% glucose, 26.7 mg/ml of 3-HBA were produced with 88% enantiomer excess for 2 days. Dominant accumulation of (S)-(+)-3-HBA might be due to enantioselective degradation of (R)-(-)-3-HBA, though both (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-1,3-BD are oxidized by the strain.     

产碱性蛋白酶嗜碱芽孢杆菌的筛选及其研究

利用造纸黑液对土样进行富集,筛选出3株碱性蛋白酶酶活力较高的嗜碱芽孢杆菌X1、X2、X3。对它们的生长曲线,产酶曲线,在不同C、N源、pH值、盐浓度下的产酶活力进行的研究表明:3株嗜碱芽孢杆菌(Bacillussp.JBX1、X2、X5)酶活力较高(达到100U/mL),X2最高酶活可达140U/mL。最适pH值为9.5,碳源中的蔗糖,氮源中的酵母浸提物和硝酸钠均利于产酶。X1、X5两株嗜碱芽孢杆菌均表现出较强的耐盐耐高渗透压的能力。X1在11%的NaCl浓度下生长良好,酶活仍然达到80U/mL以上。而X2和X5对温度的耐受性比较强,在经70℃处理15min后依然保持了80%以上的酶活力,所产蛋白酶为高温碱性蛋白酶,从而为进一步的应用和研究奠定了基础。     

碱性蛋白酶工程菌发酵条件及重组酶的纯化和性质的研究

在5L发酵罐中对重组碱性蛋白酶工程菌株BP071高产碱性蛋白酶的条件进行了研究,通过提高通气量和改变搅拌转速,BP071可在发酵40 h内达到产酶高峰,酶活力最高可达24480 u/mL。利用快速蛋白液相层析（FPLC）技术,建立了快速高效纯化碱性蛋白酶的方案。发酵液通过硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-A-50脱色及聚乙二醇浓缩得粗酶,再经过CM-Sephadex-C-50、Sephadex-G-75柱层析后得到了单一组份的重组碱性蛋白酶,酶纯度提高了76.2倍。SDS-PAGE显示重组碱性蛋白酶分子量为28 kD。酶学性质研究表明,酶的最适作用pH为11,最适作用温度为60℃,具有良好的pH稳定性和热稳定性。Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺对酶的稳定性有促进作用,Hg²⁺、Ag⁺、PMFS和DFP能强烈抑制酶的活力。SDS和Urea对酶的活力无影响。     

Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Thermophilic Organic Solvent-Tolerant Lipase from Bacillus sp. DR90

The objective of the present study was the isolation, molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a thermophilic organic solvent-resistant lipase from Bacillus sp. DR90. The lipase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using pET-28a(+) vector. The purification of recombinant lipase was conducted by nickel affinity chromatography and its biochemical properties were determined. The lipase sequence with an ORF of 639 bp contains the conserved pentapeptide Ala-His-Ser-Met-Gly. His-tagged recombinant lipase had a specific activity of 1,126 U/mg with a molecular mass of 26.8 kDa. The cloned lipase was optimally active at pH 8.0 and 75 °C representing high stability in broad ranges of temperature and pH. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the major compounds released during the lipase-catalyzed reaction of p-nitrophenyl derivatives as well as the substrate specificity. The purified lipase showed high compatibility towards various organic solvents, surfactants and commercial solid/liquid detergents; therefore the recombinant DR90 lipase could be considered as a probable candidate for future applications, predominantly in detergent processing industries.     

Purification and Characterization of an Alkaline Protease from the Marine Yeast <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aureobasidium pullulans</Emphasis> for Bioactive Peptide Production from Different Sources

The extracellular alkaline protease in the supernatant of cell culture of the marine yeast Aureobasidium pullulans 10 was purified to homogeneity with a 2.1-fold increase in specific protease activity as compared to that in the supernatant by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex™ G-75), and anion-exchange chromatography (DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow). According to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data, the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 32.0 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were 9.0 and 45°C, respectively. The enzyme was activated by Cu²⁺ (at a concentration of 1.0 mM) and Mn²⁺ and inhibited by Hg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, and Co²⁺. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, but weakly inhibited by EDTA, 1–10-phenanthroline, and iodoacetic acid. The K _m and V _max values of the purified enzyme for casein were 0.25 mg/ml and 0.0286 μmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. After digestion of shrimp protein, spirulina (Arthospira platensis) protein, proteins of marine yeast strains N3C (Yarrowia lipolytica) and YA03a (Hanseniaspora uvarum), milk protein, and casein with the purified alkaline protease, angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of the resulting peptides reached 85.3%, 12.1%, 29.8%, 22.8%, 14.1%, and 15.5%, respectively, while the antioxidant activities of these were 52.1%. 54.6%, 25.1%, 35%, 12.5%, and 24.2%, respectively, indicating that ACE inhibitory activity of the resulting peptides from the shrimp protein and antioxidant activity of those produced from the spirulina protein were the highest, respectively. These results suggest that the bioactive peptides produced by digestion of the shrimp protein with the purified alkaline protease have potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.     

Purification and Characterization of a Thermostable Alkaline Protease from Alkalophilic Thermoactinomyces sp. H8682

Protease secreted into the culture medium by alkalophilic Thermoactinomyces sp. HS682 was purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state through only two chromatograhies using Butyl-Toyopearl 650M and SP-Toyopearl 650S columns. The purified enzyme has an apparent relative molecular mass of 25, 000 according to gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column and SDS-PAGE and an isoelectric point above 11.0.

Its proteolytic activity was inhibited by active-site inhibitors of serine protease, DFP and PMSF, and metal ions, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺. The enzyme was stable toward some detergents, sodium perborate, sodium triphosphate, sodium-n-dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, at a concentration of 0.1% and pH 11.5 and 37°C for 60 min. The optimum pH was pH 11.5–13.0 at 37°C and the optimum temperature was 70°C at pH 11.5. Calcium divalent cation raised the pH and heat stabilities of the enzyme. In the presence of 5 mM CaCl₂, it showed maximum proteolytic activity at 80°C and stability from pH 4–12.5 at 60°C and below 75°C at pH 11.5. The stabilization by Ca²⁺ was observed in secondary conformation deduced from the circular dichroic spectrum of the enzyme. The protease hydrolyzed the ester bond of benzoyl leucine ester well. The amino acid terminal sequence of the enzyme showed high homology with those of Microbiol serine protease, although alanine of the NH₂-terminal amino acid was deleted.     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌HY—69耐热金属蛋白酶基因表达产物的纯化及性质研究

利用ＣＭ纤维素离子交换层析法,从宿主细胞枯草芽孢杆菌ＭＩ１１３中纯化了嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌ＨＹ６９的耐热金属蛋白酶基因的表达产物,达电泳纯。该酶的最适反应温度为７０℃,有着较好的热稳定性和极高的盐酸胍抗性。７０℃的半寿期为４５ｍｉｎ。在３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的盐酸胍中变性２０ｍｉｎ,仍残余近４０％的酶活。利用凝胶过滤和ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ,测定其分子量均为２７０００±１０００。通过ＣＤ光谱得知,该酶含有６６％的α螺旋,２８％的β转角,６％的无规则卷曲,无β折叠。利用ＣＤ光谱和荧光光谱研究了该酶在盐酸胍变性过程中的构象变化,推测其主要是通过增加包装效率,减少无规则卷曲来提高酶的稳定性。     

1398中性蛋白酶的色谱柱纯化与分子鉴定

1398食品级蛋白酶是一种由枯草芽胞杆菌1398发酵产生的用于食品加工处理的中性蛋白酶。目前国内生产工艺制取的固体酶制剂存在菌体未分离、产品颜色深、酸臭味大等缺点。本文以开发无色无臭的液体蛋白酶制剂为目的,对蛋白酶的发酵后提取、纯化工艺等进行了深入研究,分别考察了离子交换树脂层析和工业级大孔树脂对发酵液中1398中性蛋白酶的分离纯化效果,对纯化后的蛋白酶进行了Maldi-Tof质谱分析,并对编码该蛋白酶的基因进行了测序和序列分析,为进一步利用基因工程重组技术生产该蛋白酶奠定了研究基础。     

Purification and characterization of alkaline soda-bleach stable protease from Bacillus sp. APP-07 isolated from Laundromat soil

The detergent-compatible alkaline protease was produced from the bacterial strain Bacillus sp. APP-07 isolated from Laundromat soil of Solapur, Maharashtra, India. The culture was grown in 1000?ml capacity baffled flask with a working volume of 100?ml and incubated at 55?°C for 33?h on a rotary shaker. After incubation, alkaline protease was partially purified by the sequential method of acetone precipitation followed by nominal molecular weight limit (NMWL) cut-off ultrafiltration using 50?K and 10?K filters. Finally, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatographic purification was performed to obtain 3.12 fold purified alkaline protease enzyme with a 66.67% final yield. The purified enzyme showed 31907.269 units (U) of enzyme activity containing 8741.718?U/mg of specific enzyme activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme was confirmed about 33.0?kDa (kDa) by the SDS-PAGE analysis. The purified enzyme was stable at higher pH and temperature range, with an optimum pH 10.5 and temperature 55?°C. The enzyme showed excellent stability and compatibility in various detergents, surfactants, bleach, and oxidizing agents. The enzyme activity enhanced in the presence of Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, and surfactants, whereas; the phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) and Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) completely inhibit the enzymatic activity, which pointed out that the enzyme affiliated to serine-centered metalloproteases family.In conclusion, the remarkable tolerance and stability of the enzyme explored the promising candidature for the several potential applications in the laundry detergents. The sustainability of the enzyme might serve several possible applications in the laundry detergents, leather industries, and other harsh industrial processes.     

海洋细菌QD80低温碱性蛋白酶的基因克隆和性质

对海洋细菌QD80所产低温碱性蛋白酶进行了基因克隆和序列分析,对此酶的性质进行了初步研究.此酶基因开放阅读框架为1377bp,分子量为49.9kD.此序列上游-8bp处为该基因的SD序列,-10区和-35区分别有5′TAGAAT3′和5′TTGACC3′的保守序列.该酶最适pH为9.5,最适反应温度为30℃,在10℃酶活力仍能保持30%以上.该酶对氧化剂H2O2的抗氧化作用明显,浓度达到4gL时酶活仍保留85%.该蛋白酶的低温适应性和抗氧化特性将对其在低温洗涤领域的应用提供广泛的潜在应用价值.     

冬瓜蛋白酶的分离纯化及其部分性质研究(英文)

冬瓜的果肉中发现了丰富的蛋白水解酶.用硫酸铵将冬瓜果肉汁分级盐析,得到粗酶液.再经DEAE-Sepharose FF离子交换层析和Superdex-75柱层析等步骤得到一种电泳纯的冬瓜蛋白酶.SDS-PAGE测得其分子量为64 kDa.以酪蛋白做底物时,该酶的最适反应温度为70℃,最适作用pH为6.5,在pH 4.5～10.5,40～70℃范围内较稳定.PMSF强烈抑制该蛋白酶的活性.另外,Hg~(2+)对该酶有强烈的抑制作用,Mn~(2+)离子对其有保护作用,Zn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和Cu~(2+)等离子对其活性没有影响.     

海洋弧菌褐藻胶裂解酶的分离纯化及性质

从海带糜烂物中分离到一株高产胞外褐藻胶裂解酶的海洋弧菌 (Vibriosp .QY10 1) ,利用硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析、凝胶过滤层析等方法从发酵液中分离纯化了褐藻胶裂解酶 (alginatelyase)。SDS PAGE电泳结果表明 ,该酶分子量为 39kD。酶反应最适pH为 7.5 ,最适反应温度为 30℃。Na 、Ca2 、Mn2 对酶活性有促进作用 ,Fe2 、Ni2 以及EDTA对酶活性有抑制作用。酶的底物专一性初步分析结果表明 ,该酶具有降解多聚古罗糖醛酸[poly(G) ]及多聚甘露糖醛酸 [poly(M) ]的活性。     

Characterization of a keratinolytic protease produced by the feather-degrading Amazonian bacterium Bacillus sp. P45

Abstract

An extracellular keratinolytic protease produced by Bacillus sp. P45 was purified and characterized. The keratinase had a molecular weight of approximately 26 kDa and was active over wide pH and temperature ranges, with optimal activity at 55°C and pH 8.0. However, this enzyme displayed low thermostability, being completely inactivated after 10 min at 50°C. Keratinase activity increased with Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Triton X-100, ethanol and DMSO, was stable in the presence of the reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanol, and was inactivated by SDS. PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) completely inactivated and EDTA strongly inhibited the enzyme, indicating that the keratinase is a serine protease depending on metal ions for optimal activity and/or stability. Accordingly, analysis of tryptic peptides revealed sequence homologies which characterize the keratinase as a subtilisin-like serine protease. The purified enzyme was able to hydrolyze azokeratin and keratin azure. Casein was hydrolyzed at higher rates than keratinous substrates, and 2-mercaptoethanol tended to enhance keratin hydrolysis. With synthetic substrates, the keratinase showed a preference for aromatic and hydrophobic residues at the P1 position of tetrapeptides; the enzyme was not active, or the activity was drastically diminished, towards shorter peptides. Keratinase from Bacillus sp. P45 might potentially be employed in the production of protein hydrolysates at moderate temperatures, being suitable for the bioconversion of protein-rich wastes through an environmentally friendly process requiring low energy inputs.     

圆弧青霉碱性脂肪酶的分离纯化和特性

圆弧青霉突变株ＰＧ３７ 发酵液经离心、硫酸铵盐析、疏水层析、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤分离纯化得到了比活性为每毫克蛋白质５ ２００ ｕ 的碱性脂肪酶, 纯化倍数１６ ．５ , 得率３３．２％ , 在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）和ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ）上均呈现单一蛋白质条带。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ 和凝胶过滤分别测得酶的分子量为２７．５ ｋＤ和２９ ｋＤ, 表明该酶以单体形式存在。Ｎ末端１０ 个氨基酸的序列测定结果为ＡＴＡＤＡＡＡＦＰＤ, 与已知的碱性脂肪酶的Ｎ 末端序列没有同源性。酶学特性研究结果表明, 该酶的最适作用温度为２５ ℃, 在３０ ℃以下稳定,４０ ℃处理２０ ｍｉｎ 仅残留３０ ％ 酶活性;ｐＨ 稳定范围在６．５～１０．５ , 最适ｐＨ 为１０ ．０ 。低浓度的碱性蛋白酶对ＰＧ３７ 碱性脂肪酶活性的影响较小, 可同时添加在洗涤剂中。     

枯草芽孢杆菌TM903嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶的纯化及酶学性质研究

目的：对枯草芽孢杆菌TM903嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶进行分离纯化及酶学性质研究。方法：经加热、硫酸铵盐析和SephadexG-100凝胶过滤,对枯草芽孢杆菌TM903中的嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶进行分离纯化,并对其酶学性质进行研究。结果：酶的最适反应温度为65℃,最适反应pH值为7．5,在30-50℃时热稳定性较好;K^＋对该酶有激活作用,而Na^＋、ca^＋、Mg^＋、Mn^＋等金属离子对该酶有抑制作用;Km值为2．11mmol／L,Vmax值为0．84mmol／（min·L）。结论：分离纯化了枯草芽孢杆菌TM903嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶,并研究了其酶学性质,为利巴韦林的发酵工艺优化提供了重要的酶学理论基础。     

枯草芽孢杆菌ZC-7中性蛋白酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

枯草芽孢杆菌ZC-7的发酵液,经离心分离得到粗酶液,再经硫酸铵盐析、中空纤维膜除盐浓缩、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析、Sephadex G-75柱层析等步骤获得电泳纯的中性蛋白酶。SDS-PAGE测得其分子量大约为42KDa。以酪蛋白为底物时,该酶的Km为5×10-3,Vmax为2.5×104ug/min,酶的最适作用pH为7.0,最适反应温度为55℃,在pH6.5～8.0, 40℃以下较稳定,对1mol/L H2O2具有一定的耐受性。EDTA、异丙醇和乙醇对该酶有抑制作用,Ca2+、Mg2+和Li+离子对其具有保护作用。     

ATP依赖的人Lon蛋白酶的表达、纯化及其活性鉴定

ATP依赖的人Lon蛋白酶是一种同质寡聚、环状的蛋白酶,主要位于细胞线粒体基质中。许多研究表明,Lon蛋白酶对于维护细胞的内环境稳定起着重要作用,并参与线粒体蛋白质量控制和代谢调控。将pPROEX1 His6-Lon重组质粒在Escherichia coli Rosetta 2菌株中诱导表达用Ni2＋柱亲和层析法纯化,获得纯度较高的目的蛋白。经纯化后,Lon蛋白酶的比酶活达到0.17 U/mg。通过多肽底物Rhodamine 110、bis-（CBZ-L-alanyl-L-alanine amide）[（Z-AA）2 Rh110]的降解检测显示,Lon蛋白酶具有肽酶活性,并被ATP所刺激。Casein和线粒体转录因子A降解实验表明,纯化的Lon蛋白酶具有蛋白水解活性,而且蛋白水解活性依赖于ATP。