Plasma Levels of Trace Elements Have an Implication on Interferon Treatment of Children with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

This study evaluated the plasma levels of trace elements in children with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and assessed whether they can be a factor that affects the response to interferon alpha (IFN-α) treatment. The study included 35 cases (ten girls, 25 boys) aged 3–13 years with chronic HBV infection and the control group. Plasma levels of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) were measured before IFN-α treatment and biochemical, virological, and histopathologic response to treatment were assessed. Children were followed for at least 15 months. Although plasma Cu levels showed no difference between the groups, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn levels were significantly lower in the study group before treatment. Fourteen cases (40%) showed biochemical response; 17 (48.6%) showed virological response; 16 (47.6%) showed histopathologic response, and ten (28.6%) showed response according to all three parameters. Plasma Cu and Mn levels of patients with triple response showed no difference; but Mo, Se, and Zn levels were significantly lower (p?<?0.001) in the study group. No difference was observed between responders and nonresponders (p?>?0.05). Plasma levels of Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn are lower in children with chronic HBV infection compared to healthy children. The pretreatment levels of these elements did not show difference between responders and nonresponders to IFN-α.     

Evaluation of the Content of Antimony,Arsenic, Bismuth,Selenium, Tellurium and Their Inorganic Forms in Commercially Baby Foods

The purpose of the investigation is to reveal the influence of dietary calcium on fluorosis-induced brain cell apoptosis in rat offspring, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. Sprague–Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, fluoride group, low calcium, low calcium fluoride group, and high calcium fluoride group. SD male rats were used for breeding only. After 3 months, male and female rats were mated in a 1:1 ratio. Subsequently, 18-day-old gestation rats and 14- and 28-day-old rats were used as experimental subjects. We determined the blood/urine fluoride, the blood/urine calcium, the apoptosis in the hippocampus, and the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, namely Bcl-2, caspase 12, and JNK. Blood or blood/urine fluoride levels and apoptotic cells were found significantly increased in fluorosis rat offspring as compared to controls. Furthermore, the Bcl-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels significantly decreased, and caspase 12 mRNA levels significantly increased in each age group as compared to controls. Compared with the fluoride group, the blood/urine fluoride content and apoptotic cells evidently decreased in the high calcium fluoride group, Bcl-2 mRNA expression significantly increased and caspase 12 mRNA expression significantly decreased in each age group. All results showed no gender difference. Based on these results, the molecular mechanisms of fluorosis-induced brain cell apoptosis in rat offspring may include the decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA expression level and increase in caspase 12 mRNA expression signaling pathways. High calcium intake could reverse these gene expression trends. By contrast, low calcium intake intensified the toxic effects of fluoride on brain cells.     

Variations in concentration of fluoride in blood plasma of pregnant women and their possible consequences for amelogenesis in a fetus

The aim of the study was to assess the fluoride exposure of pregnant women living in Poznan (Poland) by examination of fluoride levels in blood plasma.

The subjects of the study were 31 pregnant women aged 22–34 years in the course of regular pregnancy. Data concerning the sources of fluoride exposure such as diet, oral hygiene measures and topical application of fluoride procedures, were collected from each individual with a questionnaire. Samples of blood plasma were drawn in the 28th, 33rd week of pregnancy and during delivery. The analysis evaluating the fluoride concentration in the samples was carried out with the use of fluoride electrode ORION (model 96-09). The data were statistically analyzed using the program Statistica for Windows.

Mean value of fluoride concentration in the samples of blood plasma from the 28th week of pregnancy was lower than the mean concentration detected in the 33rd week of pregnancy (3.29 and 3.73 μmol/l, respectively). These values suggest that apart from drinking water, there were other important sources of fluoride in the examined sample.

The results indicate that a reliable assessment of fluoride exposure in a given population cannot be based solely on the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. Relatively high levels of fluoride in blood plasma of examined women suggest that there is no need for fluoride supplementation in this group of patients.     

百令胶囊联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者氧化应激、T淋巴细胞亚群及营养状态的影响*

目的:探讨百令胶囊联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者氧化应激、T淋巴细胞亚群及营养状态的影响。方法:选取我院于2015年6月至2017年4月期间接受MHD治疗的慢性肾衰竭患者72例为研究对象。按照数表法将患者随机分为对照组(n=36)和实验组(n=36)。两组患者均行MHD治疗,实验组患者在此基础上给予百令胶囊联合左卡尼汀治疗,疗程均为6个月。比较两组治疗前、治疗6个月后的氧化应激指标:血浆丙二醛(MDA)、血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)、血浆总高半胱氨酸(tHcy)水平,免疫功能指标:CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+,营养状态指标:血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PA)、总胆固醇(TCh)、三酰甘油(TG)、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]。结果:两组患者治疗6个月后MDA、t Hcy水平下降,且实验组低于对照组(P0.05);治疗6个月后实验组患者GSHPx水平高于治疗前与对照组(P0.05),而对照组GSHPx水平与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,实验组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平高于治疗前及对照组,而CD8~+低于治疗前及对照组(P0.05)。实验组治疗6个月后Hb、Alb、PA水平高于治疗前及对照组,而Lp(a)低于治疗前及对照组(P0.05),实验组患者TCh、TG水平与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组治疗6个月后Hb、Alb、PA、TCh、TG、Lp(a)水平与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:百令胶囊联合左卡尼汀可减轻MHD患者氧化应激反应,调节T淋巴细胞亚群,同时改善患者营养状况,值得临床推广应用。     

不溶性钙盐离子积在磷及氢氟酸烧伤中毒救治中的参考作用

目的根据不溶性钙盐离子积计算,将血钙控制于正常水平,从而将血磷酸与氟控制在致死性浓度以下,达到解救磷与氢氟酸烧伤中毒目的。方法氢氟酸与黄磷于新西兰兔背部皮肤致致死性磷与氢氟酸烧伤,伤后动物分为：氢氟酸烧伤组（HF,n=10）;氢氟酸烧伤钙治疗组（HF-Ca,n=10）;磷烧伤组（P,n=12）与磷烧伤钙治疗组（P-Ca,n=12）,汽油烧伤对照组（G,n=12）。两治疗组均给予钙治疗以将血钙水平控制在正常水平以上,观测伤后死亡率与血氟、磷、血总钙、游离钙水平。结果氢氟酸烧伤组伤后血氟（1．15±0．12）×10^-4mol／L,动物死亡率100％;磷烧伤后血磷显著升高,动物死亡率75％;两组血游离钙均较正常显著降低（P〈0．05）,钙治疗将血钙维持于正常水平后,7d内动物死亡率降低至普通烧伤的30％水平。结论维持血钙于正常水平能够防治磷及氢氟酸烧伤致死性中毒,这一结果能够从不溶性盐离子积计算中加以解释。     

同型半胱氨酸与H型高血压左室肥厚的相关性及马来酸依那普利叶酸片的干预效果

目的:探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与H型高血压左室肥厚的相关性及马来酸依那普利叶酸片的干预效果。方法:选取达州市中心医院于2015年8月-2017年7月收治的450例原发性高血压患者,根据血浆Hcy水平将患者分为Hcy正常组(n=134)和H型高血压组(n=316),比较Hcy正常组、H型高血压组患者超声心动图检测指标的差异,并对Hcy水平与左心室结构改变进行相关性分析。同时将316例H型高血压患者随机分为观察组(n=158)和对照组(n=158),其中对照组患者给予马来酸依那普利片治疗,观察组给予马来酸依那普利叶酸片治疗。两组均连续治疗24个月。分别于治疗前、治疗后6个月、12个月、24个月检测血压、血浆Hcy和左心室质量指数(LVMI)水平,观察脑卒中及药物不良反应发生情况。结果:H型高血压组左室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室质量(LVM)、LVMI均较Hcy正常组增大(P0.01)。血浆Hcy与LVPWT、IVST、LVM及LVMI呈正相关(r=0.652、0.526、0.736、0.786,均P0.05);治疗后6个月、12个月、24个月,观察组与对照组的H型高血压患者收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)水平及观察组Hcy、LVMI均较治疗前降低(P0.05),且观察组SBP、DBP、Hcy及LVMI均低于同时间点的对照组(P0.05)。两组均未见严重药物不良反应发生,观察组脑卒中发生4例(2.53%)较对照组12例(7.59%)明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血浆Hcy水平是影响原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚的危险因素;马来酸依那普利叶酸片干预H型高血压患者后可显著降低血压、血浆Hcy水平,改善患者左心室肥厚程度,降低脑卒中发生率。     

Effect of a taurine treatment on the regression of existing atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits fed on a high-cholesterol diet

We studied whether taurine has any regressive effect on existing atherosclerotic lesions and lipid peroxidation in rabbits fed on a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. The cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels, as well as the aortic histopathological findings were examined in rabbits that had been fed on a cholesterol-containing diet for 8 months [0.5% cholesterol (w/w) for 3 months and subsequently 0.25% cholesterol (w/w) for 5 months], and then for a further 4 months on a normal diet with or without taurine treatment [1% (w/v) in the drinking water]. High levels of lipid and lipid peroxide induced by the HC diet were observed to decline in the plasma, liver and aorta of atherosclerotic rabbits, as well as a slight retardation in aortic atherosclerotic lesions during the regression period. Although no significant differences in the lipid and lipid peroxide levels in the plasma and aorta were found between the regressed groups with or without the taurine treatment, the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta was less in the taurine-treated regressed group than in the non-treated regressed group. However, the liver MDA and DC levels were lower in the regressed rabbits with the taurine treatment in the non-treated group. These results indicate that the taurine treatment may accelerate the regression of cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits without having any effect on the plasma and aorta lipid and lipid peroxide levels.     

限制性液体复苏对失血性休克复苏患者血浆TNF-alpha、IL-6 水平的影响

目的：探究限制性液体复苏对失血性休克复苏患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-alpha）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平的影响,为临床治 疗失血性休克选择液体复苏方式提供依据。方法：选择2010 年1 月~2015 年6 月期间,我院收治出血性休克患者63例为研究对 象;采用随机数字法将其分为观察组（32 例）和对照组（31 例）,观察组患者给予限制性液体复苏,对照组患者给予传统充分复苏; 观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血浆TNF-alpha、IL-6 水平的变化。结果：观察组患者给予复苏液体的输入量为（1.95± 0.35）L,对照组 患者给予输液量为（3.61± 0.56）L,观察组患者给予的复苏液输入量显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗前两组 患者血浆TNF-alpha及IL-6 水平不存在显著差异（P>0.05）;治疗后两组患者血浆TNF-alpha及IL-6 水平均显著上升,且观察组患者血浆 TNF-alpha及IL-6水平均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：限制性液体复苏能够明显降低失血性休克患者的出 血量,稳定机体血流动力学,保证机体重要脏器的血流灌注,有利于改善患者血浆TNF-琢和IL-6 水平,提高治疗效果,改善预后。     

Influence of coffee on fluoride metabolism in rats

Concomitant intragastric administration of sodium fluoride and coffee resulted in a significantly higher (P less than 0.01) plasma fluoride level than intake of the same amount of fluoride with water. The same result was obtained when coffee was substituted with an equivalent amount of caffeine. Comparison of plasma fluoride levels by total area under the curve of plasma fluoride concentration versus time indicated an almost 2-fold difference. Although the mechanism(s) is not known, it appears that caffeine is responsible for the present observation. This finding could help explain the variations in the incidence of dental fluorosis among people living in optimally fluoridated communities.     

促甲状腺素受体抗体及白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-6在Graves病131I治疗中的变化及临床意义

目的:研究促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)及白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)在Graves病~(131)I治疗中的变化并分析其临床意义。方法:选取2015年8月-2016年8月于我院接受~(131)I治疗的Graves病患者112例为研究对象,按照第6个月的甲状腺功能检查结果的不同分为治愈组(n=54),缓解组(n=21)和甲减组(n=37)。分别比较治疗前、治疗3个月、6个月后三组患者的甲状腺功能指标以及TRAb、IL-2、IL-6水平。结果:治疗前三组患者游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗3个月、6个月后三组患者FT3、FT4水平均明显低于治疗前,而TSH水平明显高于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗3个月、6个月后甲减组FT3、FT4水平均明显低于治愈组、缓解组,治愈组又明显低于缓解组,TSH水平明显高于治愈组、缓解组,治愈组又明显高于缓解组(P0.05)。治疗前三组患者TRAb、IL-2、IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗3个月后三组患者TRAb水平均明显高于治疗前(P0.05),治疗6个月后治愈组与甲减组患者TRAb水平与治疗前比较无统计学差异(P0.05),但缓解组患者TRAb水平高于甲减组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗3个月、6个月后,治愈组与甲减组患者IL-2、IL-6水平均低于治疗前,而缓解组高于甲减组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:TRAb、IL-2、IL-6可作为评估Graves病~(131)I治疗后的指标,通过检测三项指标治疗前后水平变化情况,从而为临床预后评估提供指导作用。     

The Relationship of PTH Bst BI Polymorphism, Calciotropic Hormone Levels, and Dental Fluorosis of Children in China

The aim of this study was to explore the association of parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene Bst BI polymorphism, calciotropic hormone levels, and dental fluorosis of children. A case-control study was conducted in two counties (Kaifeng and Tongxu) in Henan Province, China in 2005-2006. Two hundred and twenty-five children were recruited and divided into three groups including dental fluorosis group (DFG), non-dental fluorosis group (NDFG) from high fluoride areas, and control group (CG). Urine fluoride content was determined using fluoride ion selective electrode; PTH Bst BI were genotyped using PCR-RFLP; osteocalcin (OC) and calcitonin (CT) levels in serum were detected using radioimmunoassay. Genotype distributions were BB 85.3% (58/68), Bb 14.7% (10/68) for DFG; BB 77.6% (52/67), Bb 22.4% (15/67) for NDFG; and BB 73.3% (66/90), Bb 27.7% (24/90) for CG. No significant difference of Bst BI genotypes was observed among three groups (P > 0.05). Serum OC and urine fluoride of children were both significantly higher in DFG and NDFG than in CG (P < 0.05, respectively), while a similar situation was not observed between DFG and NDFG in high fluoride areas (P > 0.05). Serum OC level of children with BB genotype was significantly higher compared to those with Bb genotype in high fluoride areas (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference of serum CT or calcium (Ca) was observed. In conclusion, there is no correlation between dental fluorosis and PTH Bst BI polymorphism. Serum OC might be a more sensitive biomarker for detecting early stages of dental fluorosis, and further studies are needed.     

西格列汀对2 型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿影响的研究

目的:研究西格列汀对2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿的影响,分析其可能机制和临床应用价值。方法:选取160例伴微量白蛋白尿的2型糖尿病患者,随机分为西格列汀组和其他药物组,各80例。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗3个月后血糖水平、尿微量白蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白及血浆还原型谷胱甘肽水平。结果:经3个月治疗,两组患者空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、Hb A1c均较治疗前下降,但差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05);西格列汀治疗组患者尿微量白蛋白和血浆Hs-CRP水平明显下降,血浆还原型谷胱甘肽水平明显升高,与其他口服药物治疗组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:西格列汀可能通过改善机体炎症状态,降低氧化和应激水平等机制降低2型糖尿病患者的尿微量白蛋白水平。     

肾衰宁胶囊联合血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能及血液流变学的影响

目的:探讨肾衰宁胶囊联合血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能及血液流变学的影响。方法:选取中国医科大学本溪中心医院于2015年1月-2017年9月期间收治的慢性肾功能衰竭患者80例为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=40)与研究组(n=40),两组患者均给予血液透析治疗,研究组在此基础上联合使用肾衰宁胶囊治疗,疗程均为3个月。观察并比较两组患者治疗3个月后临床疗效及不良反应发生情况,比较两组患者治疗前、治疗3个月后血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平及全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞比容。结果:研究组患者总有效率为92.50%(37/40),高于对照组的67.50%(27/40),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗3个月后Scr、BUN水平较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05);而两组患者治疗3个月后eGFR水平较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组患者治疗3个月后的全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度以及红细胞比容均低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组不良反应发生率为7.50%,与研究组的10.00%比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肾衰宁胶囊联合血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者有较好的治疗效果,能够改善患者肾功能状况,同时稳定患者血液流变学,并且安全性较好。     

Hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LH secretion in aging female rats

Age-related changes in hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion were studied in young (6 months), middle-aged (12 months) and old (18 months) female rats. The LHRH levels in the mid-hypothalamic area were higher in intact middle-aged and old females than in young ones. Additionally, there was no age difference in the hypothalamic LHRH levels in male rats. In order to clarify the significance of this age-related increase in female rats, we examined the effects of progesterone treatment in estrogen-primed ovariectomized young and old rats on the LHRH levels in the median eminence (ME) and on plasma LH levels. We found phasic changes in ME-LHRH and plasma LH levels in estrogen-primed rats following progesterone treatment in rats of both ages, but the progesterone-induced change in ME-LHRH levels tended to be delayed in old rats compared with young females. This delay may correspond to the delayed onset, slow and low magnitude of plasma LH increase in old females. The ME-LHRH levels were generally higher in old rats than in young rats. Nevertheless, we found that the increase in plasma LH in response to progesterone treatment in estrogen-primed ovariectomized females was smaller in old rats than young rats. These results suggest that the LHRH secretory mechanism changes with age in female rats. Such alterations may result in the accumulation of LHRH in the mid-hypothalamic area and an increase in ME-LHRH.     

腹膜透析和血液透析对终末期肾脏疾病患者钙磷代谢及微炎症状态的影响

目的:探讨腹膜透析(PD)和血液透析(HD)对终末期肾脏疾病(ESRD)患者钙磷代谢及微炎症状态的影响。方法:选择2016年1月~2017年2月我院收治的ESRD患者94例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为PD组(47例)和HD组(47例),PD组给予非卧床持续性PD治疗,HD组给予HD治疗,治疗6个月后比较两组血清钙磷代谢水平和微炎症状态,并统计两组并发症的发生率。结果:治疗6个月后,两组血清钙水平与治疗前相比显著升高,血清磷水平显著降低(P0.05),但HD组与PD组比较无差异(P0.05);治疗6个月后,两组血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平较治疗前明显升高,且HD组高于PD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗6个月后,两组降钙素原(PCT)水平与治疗前相比显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但HD组与PD组比较无差异(P0.05);PD组感染、低蛋白血症的发生率高于HD组,HD组高血压、心律失常、充血性心衰的发生率高于PD组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PD和HD治疗均可改善ESRD患者钙磷代谢紊乱,但两者都将加剧患者微炎症反应,其中HD对患者微炎症状态的影响更大。     

Fluoride absorption: independence from plasma fluoride levels

The concept that there are physiologic mechanisms to homeostatically regulate plasma fluoride concentrations has been supported by results in the literature suggesting an inverse relationship between plasma fluoride levels and the absorption of the ion from the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. The validity of the relationship was questioned because of possible problems in the experimental design. The present work used four different methods to evaluate the effect of plasma fluoride levels on the absorption of the ion in rats: (i) the percentage of the daily fluoride intake that was excreted in the urine; (ii) the concentration of fluoride in femur epiphyses; (iii) the net areas under the time-plasma fluoride concentration curves after intragastric fluoride doses; and (iv) the residual amounts of fluoride in the gastrointestinal tracts after the intragastric fluoride doses. None of these methods indicated that plasma fluoride levels influence the rate or the degree of fluoride absorption. It was concluded that, unless extremely high plasma fluoride levels are involved (pharmacologic or toxic doses), the absorption of the ion is independent of plasma levels. The results provide further evidence that plasma fluoride concentrations are not homeostatically regulated.     

鼻内镜下低温等离子刀鼻后神经切断术与鼻内镜下鼻后神经切断术对中重度变应性鼻炎的近远期疗效及安全性分析

摘要 目的：探讨鼻内镜下低温等离子刀鼻后神经切断术与鼻内镜下鼻后神经切断术对中重度变应性鼻炎的近远期疗效及安全性。方法：选择2019年3月到2021年3月来我院诊治的变应性鼻炎患者90例,将其随机分为对照组与观察组,对照组中48例,观察组42例,对照组给予鼻内镜下鼻后神经切断术治疗,观察组给予鼻内镜下低温等离子刀鼻后神经切断术治疗。对比两组患者术前、术后3个月及术后1年的喷嚏、鼻塞、鼻痒、流涕临床症状评分、临床疗效、生活质量评分、血清血管活性肠肽5水平,对比两组并发症发生率。结果：术后3个月及术后1年,两组临床症状评分降低,且观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）;术后3个月,两组的临床症状评分低于同组间术后1年,但对比无差异（P>0.05）。术后3个月及术后1年,观察组的治疗有效率均较高（P<0.05）。术后3个月及术后1年,两组生活质量评分降低,且观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）;术后3个月,两组的生活质量评分高于同组间术后1年,但对比无差异（P>0.05）。术后3个月及术后1年,两组血清血管活性肠肽5水平降低,且观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）;术后3个月,两组的血清血管活性肠肽5水平低于同组间术后1年,但对比无差异（P>0.05）。观察组的并发症发生率较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论：与鼻内镜下鼻后神经切断术相比,鼻内镜下低温等离子刀鼻后神经切断术可提高中重度变应性鼻炎的近远期疗效,且安全性较好。     

不同剂量的多乐氟对学龄前儿童尿氟浓度的影响

目的:观察儿童使用不同剂量的多乐氟氟化钠护齿剂(Duraphat)对其尿氟浓度的影响,为Duraphat应用于群防群治提供理论依据。方法:采用氟离子选择电极法,将53名3~4岁儿童按班别分成三组,分别使用0.2 m L及0.05 m L Duraphat涂布儿童牙齿,检测涂氟前和涂氟后1、2、3 d的尿氟浓度,并进行组内和组间比较。结果:各组使用Duraphat后尿氟浓度逐渐增加,涂氟后2 h开始与涂氟前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),涂氟后3~4 h尿氟浓度达到高峰,至21 h后与涂氟前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);3岁0.2 m L组与0.05 m L组在涂氟后2~4 h的尿氟浓度比较差异有显著性(P0.05),其他时间比较均无显著性差异(P0.05);0.05 m L3岁组与4岁组比较尿氟浓度无明显差别(P0.05);3岁初次用氟组和4岁多次用氟组涂氟前尿氟无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:儿童口腔局部用氟对其尿氟浓度有影响,随局部用氟剂量的增加而增加;年龄对儿童尿氟浓度无明显影响;Duraphat在体内无远期氟蓄积,在一定剂量内使用Duraphat可起到较好的防龋效果。     

不同声功率聚焦超声治疗不同时期胰腺癌疗效分析

目的:对不同声功率聚焦超声治疗不同时期胰腺癌疗效进行分析。方法:以胰腺癌患者为研究对象,分为低功率组和高功率组,其中低功率组治疗功率为100249 W,高功率组治疗功率为250350 W,以疼痛缓解效果、肿瘤坏死体积和体积消融率、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth facto,VEGF)和肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)水平、并发症和生存时间为指标,评价治疗效果。结果:低功率疼痛缓解总有效率为97.5%,高功率组总有效率为92.5%,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);所有患者的胰腺癌肿瘤均呈现不同程度的坏死,且坏死区域体积在13个月内逐渐缩小,表现为增强扫描无强化,肿瘤周围存在环形强化带;高功率组IIIIV期患者的肿瘤体积消融率显著高于低功率组(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,低功率组和高功率组IIIIV分期患者的VEGF和HGF水平均显著下降,与低功率组相比,高功率组各时期VEGF和HGF水平降低更显著(P<0.05);高功率组和低功率组并发症发生率分别为12.5%和15.0%,经比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后低功率组患者中位生存期为6.37±1.13个月,高功率组患者中位生存期为6.72±1.34个月,经比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:不同声功率聚焦超声消融治疗不同时期胰腺癌均有较好疗效,减轻患者疼痛,延长中位生存期,安全性较好。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后急性胰腺炎患者的血浆白蛋白水平的变化与预后的相关性

摘要 目的：探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术前后急性胰腺炎患者的血浆白蛋白水平的变化与预后的相关性。方法：2015年8月到2019年1月选择在本院诊治的急性胰腺炎患者68例,根据治疗方法的不同分为经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(encoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography,ERCP)组和保守治疗组,同期选择在本院进行体检的非胰腺炎患者34例作为对照组。ERCP组患者都给予经内镜逆行胰胆管造影手术治疗,保守治疗组给予内科保守治疗。记录血浆白蛋白水平变化情况,及预后并进行相关性分析。结果：ERCP组和保守治疗组入院时的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、C-反应蛋白、降钙素原均显著高于对照组,淋巴细胞计数、白蛋白均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且上述指标ERCP组和保守治疗组变化无统计学意义 (P>0.05)。在ERCP组和保守治疗组中,术后1 d血浆白蛋白水平低于术前1 d(P<0.05),但是术后3 d、术后7 d显著高于术前1 d,且ERCP组术后术后3 d、术后7 d血浆白蛋白水平显著高于保守治疗组 (P<0.05)。在ERCP组治疗的总有效率显著高于保守治疗组（P<0.05）;两组并发症发生率对比无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在ERCP组中,选取白蛋白、降钙素原水平等因素,通过logistic回归分析证实白蛋白、降钙素原为影响患者预后的主要危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：急性胰腺炎患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影手术前后血浆白蛋白水平有显著波动,白蛋白、降钙素原与患者预后显著相关,可预测患者的预后。