Metabolism of glucose in relation to the lipid synthesis in the fruit of Persea americana MILL.

Studies on the lipogenesis in the fruit of avocado were undertakento elucidate the metabolism of glucose relative to the lipidsynthesis as an important process. The relative participationof the pentose phosphate pathway was determined. Approximately30% of the glucose metabolized by catabolic pathways was directlyoxidized to release carbon dioxide and to provide about 50%of the total reducing power responsible for the fatty acid synthesis.Whereas carbon number 1 of glucose was incorporated into theglyceryl moiety, carbon number 6 was incorporated into the fattyacyl moiety of glycerolipids in the tissue slices of the developingfruit. From the experiments in vitro, it may be concluded that,besides glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme andisocitrate dehydrogenase participate in the provision of NADPH₂for the fatty acid synthesis in the mesocarp of avocado fruit. ¹Present address: Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture,Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan (Received January 13, 1969; )     

Comparison of carbon dioxide fixation and the fine structure in various assimilatory tissues of Amaranthus retroflexus L

The pattern for primary products of CO₂-fixation and the chloroplaststructure of Amaranthus retrqflexus L., a species which incorporatescarbon dioxide into C₄ dicarboxylic acids as the primary productof photosynthesis, were compared in various chlorophyll containingtissues,i.e., foliage leaves, stems, cotyledons and pale-greencallus induced from stem pith. Despite some morphological differencesin these assimilatory tissues, malate and aspartate were identifiedas the major compounds labelled during a 10 sec fixation of¹⁴CO₂ in all tissues. Whereas, aspartate was the major componentin C₄-dicarboxylic acids formed in foliage leaves, malate predominatedas the primary product in stems, cotyledons and the pale-greencallus. The percentage of ¹⁴C-radioactivity incorporated intoPGA and sugar-P esters increased and ¹⁴C-sucrose was detectedin the prolonged fixation of ¹⁴CO₂ in the light, not only infoliage leaves, but also in stems and cotyledons. ¹ This work was supported by a Grant for Scientific ResearchNo. 58813, from the Ministry of Education, Japan. ² Present address: Institute of Applied Microbiology, Universityof Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ³ Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University ofGeorgia, Athens 30601. Georgia, U. S. A. (Received July 10, 1971; )     

Inhibition of sweet potato glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase by NADPH2 and ATP

NADPH₂ and ATP competitively inhibit sweet potato glucose 6-phosphatedehydrogenase with NADP and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), respectively.At pH 8.0, a Lineweaver-Burk plot of the reciprocal rate againstreciprocal G6P concentration was concave downwards in the presenceand absence of ATP, whereas a double reciprocal plot followedthe Michaelis-Menten relationship at pH 7.0, irrespective ofthe presence of ATP. Many of the other metabolic intermediatestested had no effects on the enzyme reaction. ¹ This paper constitutes Part 96 of the Phytopathological Chemistryof Sweet Potato with Black Rot and Injury. ² Present address: Institute of Applied Microbiology, Universityof Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113. (Received October 20, 1971; )     

Possible Involvement of Abscisic Acid in Increases in Activities of Two Vacuolar H+-Pumps in Barley Roots under Aluminum Stress

Levels of abscisic acid (ABA) in barley roots increased upontreatment with AlCl₃. Treatment with AlCl₃ or ABA increasedboth ATP-dependent and PP_i-dependent H⁺-pumping activities intonoplast-enriched membrane vesicles. Increase in the H⁺-pumpingactivities caused by aluminum stress could result from increasedlevels of ABA. ¹Present address: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science,Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036 Japan     

Photosynthetic metabolism of 14CO2 in the process of the "glucose-bleaching" of Chlorella protothecoides

Changes in photosynthetic carbon metabolism during the glucosebleaching of Chlorella protothecoides cells were investigatedusing NaH¹⁴CO₃ as tracer. Several hours after incubating thegreen algal cells in the glucose medium in the dark, the ratesof ¹⁴C-incorporation into glucose polymers and sucrose decreasedand the incorporation into the lipid fraction (fatty acids)greatly increased. At this stage, the rate of photosynthetic¹⁴CO₂ fixation and the chlorophyll content were practicallythe same as in the starting green cells. Afterwards, the photosyntheticcapacity and chlorophyll content continued to decrease throughoutthe experimental period. In contrast, when photosynthetic ¹⁴CO₂fixation of green cells was carried out in the medium containingglucose, the rate of ¹⁴C-incorporation into glucose polymersincreased, though there was no change in the incorporationsinto sucrose and the lipid fraction. ¹Part of this investigation was reported at the Conference "ComparativeBiochemistry and Biophysics of Photosynthesis" (Japan-U.S. CooperativeScience Program) held at Hakone, Japan in 1967. ²Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University,Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan. (Received June 10, 1974; )     

A Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana That Defines a New Locus for Glycine Decarboxylation

A novel photorespiratory mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, designatedgld2, was isolated based on a growth requirement for abnormallyhigh levels of atmospheric CO₂. Photosynthetic CO₂ fixationwas inhibited in the mutant following illumination in air butnot in atmosphere containing 2% O₂. Photosynthetic assimilationof ¹⁴CO₂ in an atmosphere containing 50% O₂ resulted in accumulationof 48% of the soluble label in glycine in the mutant comparedto 9% in the wild type. The rate of glycine decarboxylationby isolated mitochondria from the mutant was reduced to 6% ofthe wild type rate. In genetic crosses, the mutant complementedtwo previously described photorespiratory mutants of A. thalianathat accumulate glycine during photosynthesis in air due todefects in glycine decarboxylase (glyD, now designated gld1)and serine transhydroxymethylase (stm). Because glycine decarboxylaseis a complex of four enzymes, these results are consistent witha mutation in a glycine decarboxylase subunit other than thataffected in the gld1 mutant. The two gld loci were mapped tochromosomes 2 and 5, respectively. ³Present address: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, MichiganState University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A. ⁴Present address: Department of Applied Bioscience, Facultyof Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060 Japan ⁵Present address: Department of Biology, Carnegie Institutionof Washington, 290 Panama Street, Standford, CA 94305, U.S.A.     

An effective time for CO2 gas treatment in overcoming self-incompatibility in Brassica

An investigation was made to determine the effective time forCO₂ treatment in overcoming self-incompatibility in Brassica.CO₂ was effective when supplied to a self-pollinated flowerwhile hundreds of pollen grains were germinating on the stigma.Since the effective time coincides with the attachment of pollentubes to papilla cells, it is thought that CO₂ produces a metabolicchange in these cells during attachement. ¹Part of a thesis submitted for the Dr. of Agr. degree by thesenior author at Tohoku University. ²Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada-ku,Kobe, Japan. (Received December 7, 1972; )     

Sodium Stimulates Regeneration of Phosphoenolpyruvate in Mesophyll Chloroplasts of Amaranthus tricolor

Mesophyll chloroplasts were isolated from leaves of a Na⁺-requiringNAD-malic enzyme type, dicotyledonous C₄ plant, Amaranthus tricolorL. The chloroplasts converted pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvateunder illumination, and the conversion was stimulated by Na⁺.This observation may explain the requirement for Na⁺ of someC₄ plants. ² Present address: Institute for Life Science Research, NihonNohyaku Co., Ltd., Kawachi-Nagano, Osaka, 586 Japan     

Induction of Cold Hardiness by Salt Stress Involves Synthesis of Cold- and Abscisic Acid-Responsive Proteins in Potato (Solanum commersonii Dun)

Salt stress has been found to increase frost tolerance in someherbaceous species. In an attempt to understand the molecularbasis of the frost tolerance induced by salt stress, the effectof salt (100 mM NaCl) on total proteins in stem-cultured potatoplantlets (Solarium commersonn Dun) was analyzed on two-dimensionalgels. Nine salt-induced proteins were identified after 24 hsalt treatment, at which time cold hardiness increased by threedegrees. Direct comparisons of the proteins with those inducedby cold- and abscisic acid(ABA)-treatments revealed that fiveof the salt-induced proteins were also induced by cold(4°/2°C)-treatmentand seven were also induced by ABA(40µM)-treatment. Threeproteins (M_rr/pls 13/7.0, 27/6.6 and 48/6.9) were induciblein both cold- and ABA-treatments in association with frost hardening.After 6 h salt treatment, endogenous ABA levels in plantletleaves showed a transient six-fold increase before cold hardinessdeveloped. The results suggest that salt-induction of cold hardinessinvolves the synthesis of cold and ABA-responsive proteins andthe alteration of protein synthesis is mediated by ABA elevatedupon salt stress. This study also suggests that a subset ofproteins induced by cold and ABA-treatments are related to saltstress. ¹Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 20787 of the MinnesotaAgricultural Experimental Station, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A. ²Present address: Department of Biochemistry Willard Hall, KansasState University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A. ³Present address: Via G.B. Marino 13, 80125-Napoli, Italy ⁴Present address: Institute of Biological Chemistry, WashingtonState Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A.     

Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Root-Form Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase from Zea mays: Comparison with the C4-Form Enzyme

A full-length cDNA for maize root-form phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC) was isolated. In the coding region, the root-form PEPCshowed 76 and 77% identity with the C₄- and C₃-form PEPCs ofmaize, respectively, at the nucleotide level. At the amino acidlevel, the root-form was 81 and 85% identical to the C₄- andC₃-form PEPCs, respectively. The entire coding region was insertedinto a pET32a expression vector so that it was expressed underthe control of T7 promoter. The purified recombinant root-formPEPC had a V_max value of about 28 mol min^–1(mg protein)¹at pH 8.0. The K_m values of root-form PEPC for PEP and Mg²⁺were one-tenth or less of those of C₄-form PEPC when assayedat either pH 7.3 or 8.0, while the value for HCO^–₃ wasabout one-half of that of C₄-form PEPC at pH 8.0. Glucose 6-phosphateand glycine had little effect on the root-form PEPC at pH 7.3;they caused two-fold activation of the C₄-form PEPC. The K_i(L-malate) values at pH 7.3 were 0.12 and 0.43 raM for the root-and C₄-form PEPCs, respectively. Comparison of hydropathy profilesamong the maize PEPC isoforms suggested that several stretchesof amino acid sequences may contribute in some way to theircharacteristic kinetic properties. The root-form PEPC was phosphorylatedby both mammalian cAMP-dependent protein kinase and maize leafprotein kinase, and the phosphorylated enzyme was less sensitiveto L-malate. ¹These authors contributed equally to this work. ²Present address: Otsuka Chemical Co. Ltd., 463 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho,Tokushima, 771-0130 Japan. ³Present address: Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Research Center,1-98, Kasugade, Naka 3-cho-me, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-0022Japan.     

Sodium Requirement of Monocotyledonous C4 Plants for Growth and Nitrate Reductase Activity

The effects of Na application on growth and nitrate reductaseactivity of seven C₄ plant species, Zea mays, Echinochloa crus-galli,Panicum miliaceum, Panicum coloratum, Panicum dichotomiflorum,Panicum maximum and Chloris gayana were studied. Except forZ. mays and P. miliaceum, Na application enhanced growth significantly,and concurrent increases in nitrate reductase activities weredetected in Panicum coloratum, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Panicummaximum and Chloris gayana. ¹Present address: International Research Institute, Ciba GeigyJapan Ltd., Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan. ²Present address: Photobiology Lab., Research Institute forFood Science, Kyoto Univ., Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan. (Received May 2, 1988; Accepted August 22, 1988)     

Characterization of Hexose Transporter for Facilitated Diffusion of the Tonoplast Vesicles from Pear Fruit

Tonoplast vesicles were prepared from the flesh tissue of maturepear fruit. Sugar uptakes into the vesicles determined by twodifferent methods, the membrane and the gel filtration methods,were quite similar. The uptake was highest for glucose and subsequently,in order, for fructose, sucrose and sorbitol. It was not stimulatedby addition of ATP, although the vesicles could create a protongradient. However, the uptakes were significantly inhibitedby p-chloromercuribenzene sulphonate (PCMBS, SH-reagent andinhibitor of sugar transporter). Further, the PCMBS-sensitiveuptakes of glucose and fructose saturated with their increasedconcentrations. Thus, these PCMBS-sensitive uptakes are mediatedby the transporter of facilitated diffusion. The uptakes ofglucose or fructose each had two K_m values. K_m values for glucosewere 0.35 and 18 mM, and those for fructose were 1.6 and 25raM. The uptake of 0.2 mM glucose was inhibited by 2 mM fructoseand that of 2 mM fructose was inhibited by 2 mM glucose, butneither was inhibited by sucrose or sorbitol. O-methyl-glucose(OMG) also inhibited both the glucose and fructose uptakes.Therefore, the same transporter may mediate both glucose andfructose uptakes at lower concentrations; this hexose transportsystem differed from the sucrose and sorbitol transport systems. ¹Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. ²Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University,1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981 Japan.     

NO2 Suppression of Light-Induced Nitrate Reductase in Squash Cotyledons

NADH-nitrate reductase (NR) (EC 1.6.6.1 [EC] ) activity in the cotyledonsof squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) seedlings showed daily variationwhen the seedlings were subjected to an alternating light-darkcycle. When the seedlings were transferred into continuous darkness,NR activity rose at first and then decreased continuously. Irradiationafter continuous darkness induced a rapid increase in NR activity;this light induction of NR activity was inhibited completelyby fumigation with 4 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). This inhibitoryeffect of NO₂ was prominent even at 1 ppm and became more pronouncedas the concentration of NO₂ increased. NO₂ fumigation did notremarkably affect the content of reductant (NADH) in the cotyledons.The results of immunoblotting using anti-NR serum indicatedthat irradiation induced the increase in the NR-polypeptidecontent and NO₂ fumigation inhibited the increase, suggestingthat NO₂ put an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of NR inducedby irradiation. ⁴ Present address: College of Environmental Health, Azabu University,Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan ⁵ Present address: Faculty of Home Economics, Otuma Women'sUniversity, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102, Japan (Received October 21, 1987; Accepted January 13, 1988)     

Relationship between light-induced potential change and internal ATP concentration in tonoplast-free Chara cells

The effect of the intracellular concentration of ATP ([ATP]₁)on the light-induced potential change (LPC) in tonoplast-freeChara cells was studied. The LPC was hardly affected by loweringthe [ATP]₁ by about 1/10 or by raising it to about 10 timesthe normal cytoplasmic concentration (0.5–1.3 mM). Theinsensitivity of LPC to [ATP]₁ excludes the possibility thatan increase in [ATP]₁ due to photosynthesis may induce the LPC.However, extreme lowering of the [ATP]₁ to about 1–2 µMcompletely inhibited LPC, although photosynthetic O₂ evolutionwas not significantly inhibited. This fact supports the hypothesisthat light stimulates the putative H⁺pump fueled by ATP. Theuncoupling agents DNP and CCCP greatly depolarized the membrane,and inhibited LPC strongly, but they did not decrease [ATP]₁.Photosynthetic O₂ evolution was inhibited to some extent by2 µM CCCP and strongly inhibited by 0.1 mM DNP. Sincethe membrane resistance increased significantly, these chemicalsare believed to act on the membrane as an inhibitor of the electrogenicH⁺ pump not as an H⁺conductor. Introduction of 1 mM ATP intocells treated with uncouplers, to a large extent restored theirability to produce LPC although the membrane potential in darknesswas maintained at a low level. ¹Present address: Niigata College of Pharmacy, 5829 Kamishinei-cho,Niigata 950-21, Japan. ²Present address: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Collegeof Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan. ³Present address: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science,University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan. (Received March 9, 1979; )     

Percent PFR-Dependent Germination of Spores in Pteris vittata

The phytochrome-dependent germination of spores was studiedin the fern Pteris vittata. Brief irradiations with red lightgiven at 0 and 25?C resulted in very similar germination rates.Irradiation with far-red light cancelled this promotive effect,irrespective of the temperature at which tested. The maximumrate of germination was induced by red light of ca. 70Jm^–2and half of the rate was induced by ca. 15Jm^–2 When sporesimbibed in the dark were kept for 1 h at 0 or 25?C under irradiationswith monochromatic lights from 660 to 730 nm at 10 nm intervals,spore germination was induced depending upon the establishedphotostationary states of phytochrome at both temperatures tested.The percent of P_FR estimated in spores that had been irradiatedbriefly with red light was consistent with that resulted fromphotostationary states under different monochromatic lightsin terms of the percent of germination of a spore population.The threshold of the % P_FR required for the germination of eachspore ranged widely from a few percent to 80% of the P_FR. Thisdiversity may vary the timing of germination in nature. ¹ Partial preliminary results of this research were introducedin a review by M.F. (1978). ³ Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,Tokyo Metropolitan University, Setagaya, Tokyo 158, Japan. (Received May 15, 1982; Accepted August 5, 1982)     

Action Spectra Confirm Two Separate Actions of Phytochrome in the Induction of Flowering in Lemna paucicostata 441

Action spectra studies have shown that in the short day plant(SDP) Lemna paucicostat441 there are at least two actions ofphytochrome in the induction of flowering. At the beginningof the dark period far-red light inhibited flowering, and theaction spectrum corresponded to the absorption spectrum of P_FR,while at the middle of the inductive dark period both red andfar-red light were inhibitory. The action spectrum for the redlight corresponded to that of PR absorption, but there was activityin the region beyond 720 nm which exactly coincided with theabsorption by P_FR observed at the beginning of the dark period,indicating that at the middle of the dark period there was absorptionby both P_R and P_FR. The difference in quantum efficiency betweenthe red and far-red light effects was about 60-fold. These resultsare consistent with there being a stable pool of P_FR necessaryfor the induction of flowering and another pool of phytochromein a different cellular environment which participates in thenight-break reaction as P_R. ¹ Present address: School of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science,Lancashire Polytechnic, Preston PR1 2TQ, U.K. ² 2 Present address: Division of Environmental Biology, NationalInstitute for Environmental Studies, Yatabemachi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305, Japan. ³ Present address: Division of Plant Biological Regulation,The Riken Institute for Frontier Research Program, Hirosawa,Wako-shi, 351-01, Japan. (Received December 13, 1986; Accepted July 17, 1987)     

The metabolism of L-[6-14C]ascorbic acid in detached grape leaves

Grape leaves (Vitis labrusca L.) that are removed from the positionopposite the flower cluster either 28 or 14 days before anthesiscleave L-ascorbic acid (AA) at the C4-C5 bond into a C₄ and,presumably, a C₂ fragment. Leaves taken from this position 14days after anthesis fail to cleave AA. The C₄ fragment is utilizedfor L(+)-tartaric acid (TA) biosynthesis while the C₂ fragmentis recycled into hexose and products of the hexose metabolism.When [6-₁₄C]AA is the source of the label, the sucrose-derivedglucose from labeled leaves has a distribution of ₁₄C in thecarbon skeleton as follows: Cl, 35%; C2, 14%; C3, 4%; C(4+5),13% and C6, 34%. The effect of inhibitors of the glycolate pathwayon [6-^l4C]AA metabolism is examined. ¹This work was supported by Grant No. GM-22427 from the NationalInstitute of General Medical Science, National Institute ofHealth, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland.This is Scientific paper No. 5305, Project 0266, College ofAgricultural Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman,WA 99164, U.S.A. ²Present address: The Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto University,Kyoto 606, Japan. (Received August 29, 1979; )     

Demonstration of light-induced potential change in Chara cells lacking tonoplast

Chara cells without tonoplasts, prepared by replacing the cellsap with EGTA-containing media, showed essentially the samepattern of light-induced changes in membrane potential and membraneresistance as normal cells although the concentrations of ionsand ATP in the cytoplasm decreased considerably (1/3–1/10)after loss of the tonoplast. Removal of the tonoplast reducedthe rate of photosynthetic O₂ evolution to about 50% of thatof normal cells but did not affect the magnitude of light-inducedpotential change. Not a full but a certain level of electronflow seems necessary to activate the putative electrogenic H⁺-pump. ¹ Present address: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science,University of Tokyo, Japan. ² Present address: Niigata College of Pharmacy, Niigata 950-21,Japan. (Received September 4, 1978; )     

Changes in Levels of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase with Induction of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

Expanded leaves of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. performingC₃ photosynthesis were induced to perform pronounced Crassulaceanacid metabolism (CAM) by exposing the plant roots to higherNaCl concentration. Levels of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylaseactivity increased 10-fold during the 7-day induction period.Densitometric analysis of Coomassie-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) polyacrylamide gradient slab gels of leaf extracts, preparedduring the course of CAM induction, revealed that at least fivebands of polypeptides increased in content (kilodalton valuesof 98, 91, 45, 41, 38). Higher levels of three additional polypeptides(kilodalton values of 102, 76, 33) became apparent after tissuehad been grown for 2 weeks at 400 mM NaCl. Of these polypeptides,that having a mass of 98 kilodaltons was identified as the subunitof PEP carboxylase by comparison with the corresponding bandfrom partially purified PEP carboxylase from the same tissue.Only a faint 98 kilodalton band was evident on SDS gels fortissue operating in the C₃ mode; staining intensity at thislocation increased with increasing NaCl-salinity in the rootingmedium until CAM was fully induced. These data provide evidencefor net synthesis of PEP carboxylase and several other proteinsduring the induction of CAM in M. crystallinum. ¹ Present address: USDA, P. O. Box 867 Airport Rd., Beckley,WV. 25801, U.S.A. ² Present address: Department of Botany, Washington State University,Pullman, Washington 99164, U.S.A. ³ Present address: Botanisches Institut der Universit?t, MittlererDallenbergweg 64, 8700 W?rzburg, W.-Germany. (Received October 27, 1981; Accepted March 15, 1982)     

Metabolism of p-Hydroxybenzoate via Hydroxyquinol by Trichosporon cutaneum WY2-2: Characterization of the Pathway using Superoxide Dismutase as a Stabilizer of Hydroxyquinol

Trichosporon cutaneum WY2-2 was shown to metabolize p-hydroxybenzoatevia protocatechuate and hydroxyquinol. Using superoxide dismutaseas a stabilizer of hydroxyquinol, the conversion of protocatechuateto hydroxyquinol and the ring fission process of hydroxyquinolwere confirmed. Hydroxyquinol was chemically identified as theproduct of protocatechuate hydroxylase reaction. Partially purifiedprotocatechuate hydroxylase was highly specific for protocatechuate;its K_m values for protocatechuate and NADH were 17.6 and 12.4µM, respectively. It catalyzed equimolar CO₂ formation,NADH oxidation and O₂ consumption from protocatechuate. Hydroxyquinoldioxygenase was highly specific for hydroxyquinol, with a K_mof 2.9 µM. ¹A preliminary account of this work was presented at the 81stMeeting of the Chubu-branch of Agricultural Chemical Societyof Japan, Gifu, October, 1980. ²Present address: Biological Institute, Faculty of Science,Nagoya University, Nagoya 464, Japan. ³Present address: Shin Nihon Chemical Co. Ltd... 19-10, Showa-cho,Anjoh, Aichi 446, Japan. (Received November 15, 1985; Accepted August 27, 1986)