黄芪多糖对RNase和RNase抑制因子的作用

黄芪多糖-Ⅱ(简称APS-2)系葡萄糖聚合体,分子量12,300,其作用与黄芪多糖(APS)相似。小鼠和大鼠皆腹腔注射200mg/kg/day×3J小鼠实验表明APS-2有显著抑制肝、脾碱性RNase活力的作用,对血清RNase活力无作用,对酸性RNase无明显抑制。大鼠实验表明对肝碱性RNase只有104,000×g部分有显著抑制作用,而对10,000×g部分无影响。对肝碱性RNase的抑制因子具显著性增强作用。因此黄芪多糖的作用是通过增强RNase抑制因子和抑制RNase活力,使RNA的分解代谢降低,从而引起RNA累积和合成速率的降低。     

固相RNasin亲和层析RNase

大鼠肝RNasin与溴化氰活化的Sepharose 4B反应制备了固相大鼠肝RNasin。用固相大鼠肝RNasin亲和层析大鼠肝中性RNase,可以将其分为两部分。固相大鼠肝RNasin可以亲和层析牛胰RNase的结果说明,牛胰和大鼠肝RNase在二级和三级结构上都非常相似。这为大鼠肝RNase来源于胰脏的观点提供了一个新证据。固相RNasin可以亲和吸附大肠杆菌RNase说明原核细胞RNase与真核细胞RNase在分子起源方面有一定的亲缘关系。固相RNasin柱层析为纯化RNase提供了一个简便的新方法。     

细胞毒性RNase及其抗肿瘤活性

核糖核酸酶(ribonuclease,RNase)是一类核酸水解酶,它们广泛存在于动植物中,除了具有水解RNA的活性外,有的还有一定的细胞毒性。根据结构的相似性,这些RNase属于RNase A超家族(RNase A superfamily)。RNaseA超家族包含了以牛胰核糖核酸酶为原型的不同来源的脊椎动物核糖核酸酶。细胞毒性RNase显示出抑制肿瘤细胞生长的活性,因而有望应用于肿瘤治疗中。本文对RNase A超家族中的几个成员棗核糖核酸酶A(ribonuclease A,RNaseA)、豹蛙抗癌酶(onconase,ONC)、牛蛙核糖核酸酶(Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease,RC-RNase)、牛精液核糖核酸酶(bovine seminal ribonuclease,BS-RNase)和amphinase(Amph)的结构及抗肿瘤活性进行了综述。     

用RNase保护试验检测珠蛋白基因表达

mRNA的定量分析是基因表达调控研究中应用的重要方法.与斑点杂交、RNA印迹法相比,用RNase保护试验测定RNA具有灵敏度高、操作简便等优点.应用RNase保护试验成功地对转基因鼠中人βE-珠蛋白基因及鼠a-珠蛋白基因的表达水平进行了分析.     

大肠杆菌RNaseⅢ基因的克隆与表达

目的：克隆并在原核表达系统中表达RNaseⅢ基因。方法：提取大肠杆菌JM109株的基因组DNA,以之为模板扩增得到RNaseⅢ基因全序列,将该编码序列克隆到原核表达载体pET-22b（＋）中,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导重组RNaseⅢ表达。结果与结论：在大肠杆菌中克隆到了RNaseⅢ的全基因,经测序证明与数据库中报道的序列一致;表达的重组RNaseⅢ主要以包涵体形式存在。     

Neurospora Crassa RNase N_1的分离与纯化

前言前文报道了红色链孢霉核糖核酸酶N_1(N.Crassa RNase N_1)高产菌株的选育及其核糖核酸酶(RNase)作用碱基专一性的鉴定。本文主要介绍核糖核酸酶N_1的分离与纯化。我们在高井等人方法的基础上,作了某些改进。该方法有效地用于大量制备,并达到了较高的纯度。     

Neurospora Crassa RNase N_1的分离与纯化

前言前文报道了红色链孢霉核糖核酸酶N_1(N.Crassa RNase N_1)高产菌株的选育及其核糖核酸酶(RNase)作用碱基专一性的鉴定。本文主要介绍核糖核酸酶N_1的分离与纯化。我们在高井等人方法的基础上,作了某些改进。该方法有效地用于大量制备,并达到了较高的纯度。     

Essential cysteine residues for human RNase κ catalytic activity

Human RNase κ is an endoribonuclease expressed in almost all tissues and organs and belongs to a highly conserved protein family bearing representatives in all metazoans. To gain insight into the role of cysteine residues in the enzyme activity or structure, a recombinant active form of human RNase κ expressed in Pichia pastoris was treated with alkylating agents and dithiothreitol (DTT). Our results showed that the human enzyme is inactivated by DDT, while it remains fully active in the presence of alkylating agents. The unreduced recombinant protein migrates on SDS/PAGE faster than the reduced form. This observation in combination with the above findings indicated that human RNase κ does not form homodimers through disulfide bridges, and cysteine residues are not implicated in RNA catalysis but participate in the formation of intramolecular disulfide bond(s) essential for its ribonucleolytic activity. The role of the cysteine residues was further investigated by expression and study of Cys variants. Ribonucleolytic activity experiments and SDS/PAGE analysis of the wild-type and mutant proteins under reducing and non-reducing conditions demonstrated that Cys7, Cys14 and Cys85 are not essential for RNase activity. On the other hand, replacement of Cys6 or Cys69 with serine led to a complete loss of catalytic activity, indicating the necessity of these residues for maintaining an active conformation of human RNase κ by forming a disulfide bond. Due to the absolute conservation of these cysteine residues, the Cys6-Cys69 disulfide bond is likely to exist in all RNase κ family members.     

RNase A超家族多样性的产生及宿主防御

胰核糖核酸酶家族也被称为RNase A家族,包含了与牛胰核糖核酸酶同源的所有脊椎核糖核酸酶.从20世纪初.RNase A超家族就成为生物化学、结构生物学、酶学、进化学等领域的研究热点.最新的进化研究显示,脊椎动物RNase A家族起源于宿主防御功能,本文就RNaseA超家族多样性的产生及其宿主防御功能进行综述.     

细菌中RNase HI介导RNA降解的研究进展

在细菌细胞中,为了维持基因组稳定和正常的生命活动,RNase HI通常以降解RNA/DNA杂合链中RNA的方式来防止复制中引物的积累以及转录中R环的形成。RNase HI对底物的识别主要依赖于DNA与RNA结合槽,对底物的催化主要依赖于DEDD基序和位于活性位点附近柔性环中的一个组氨酸。以Mg²⁺为代表的金属离子在催化过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。杂交双链中ssDNA突出部分的类型决定了RNase HI的作用模式：在没有突出或在ssDNA的5′端存在突出部分的情况下,RNase HI作为一种非序列特异性核酸内切酶随机地降解RNA;当ssDNA的3′端存在突出部分时,RNase HI依靠5′核酸外切酶活性对RNA进行连续切割。RNase HI、Rep、DinG和UvrD通过与单链DNA结合蛋白(single-stranded DNA-binding protein, SSB)的C端尾部的6个残基相互作用被招募到复制叉附近,并可能以协作的方式解决复制-转录冲突。RNaseHI的缺失或活性降低将引起DNA结构不稳定、基因突变、转录装置回溯和复制不协调等一系列有害后果。RN...     

Cordycepin Analogs of 2–5 a as Activators of RNase L: Study of the Structural Requirements for RNase L Activation

Abstract

Enzymatically and chemically synthesized cordycepin analogs of 2–5A^? trimer and tetramer were found to be biologically active as protein synthesis inhibitors in intact cultured human fibroblast and murine L929 cells ^1,2. In rabbit reticulocyte lysates, the cordycepin tetramer analog of 2–5A inhibits protein synthesis through binding to and activation of RNase L³. Our present results using L929 cell extracts provide direct evidence that the cordycepin analogs of 2–5A can bind to and activate RNase L.     

Does domain swapping improve the stability of RNase A?

Self-assembling complexes have potential as novel supramolecular biomaterials but domain swapped complexes have yet to investigated in this capacity. Bovine ribonuclease A (RNase A) is a useful model protein as it is able to form a range of three dimensional domain swapped structures, including dimers, trimers and tetramers that have similar catalytic ability. However, little work has been carried out investigating the physical characteristics of these complexes. In an effort to characterise the strength of these oligomeric interactions, analytical ultracentrifugation was carried out to measure the dissociation of higher order complexes, using fluorescent tags to test for dissociation at very low concentrations. Results of this work suggest that the oligomers form a very tight complex, with no evidence of dissociation down to 250 pM. RNase A oligomers also had similar thermal stability to that of monomeric enzyme, suggesting that the main limiting factor in RNase A stability is the tertiary, rather than quaternary structure. Following thermal unfolding of RNase A, the protein refolded upon cooling, but returned to the monomeric state. This latter result may limit the potential of domain swapping as a means of material assembly.     

Characterization of Staphylococcus epidermidis Polynucleotide phosphorylase and its interactions with ribonucleases RNase J1 and RNase J2

Polynucleotide phosphorylase catalyzes both 3′-5′ exoribonuclease and polyadenylation reactions. The crystal structure of Staphylococcus epidermidis PNPase revealed a bound phosphate in the PH2 domain of each protomer coordinated by three adjacent serine residues. Mutational analysis suggests that phosphate coordination by these serine residues is essential to maintain the catalytic center in an active conformation. We note that PNPase forms a complex with RNase J1 and RNase J2 without substantially altering either exo-ribonuclease or polyadenylation activity of this enzyme. This decoupling of catalytic activity from protein-protein interactions suggests that association of these endo- or exo-ribonucleases with PNPase could be more relevant for cellular localization or concerted targeting of structured RNA for recycling.     

水稻XIOsPR10蛋白的原核表达及其RNase活性研究

PR10(病程相关蛋白10)类蛋白与植物的抵御外来病害及系统获得性抗性(SAR)有着紧密联系,而且许多PR10类蛋白都具有RNase活性,并通过这种活性抵抗外源病害。根据获得的XIOsPR10基因,将其构建到pET28a中,通过原核表达及磁珠纯化获得目的蛋白,通过RNA消化实验证实XIOsPR10重组蛋白具有RNase活性,进一步揭示了XIOsPR10蛋白的功能。     

诱发RNase A活性的最低水含量阈值的测定

通过ＲＮａｓｅＡ的水合等温线,确定ＲＮａｓｅＡ吸附水时所处的相对湿度及其水合值的关系;通过将酶与底物的水溶液在低温下混合,冰冻和冷干后的酶－底物复合物在不同相对湿度下与水相互作用（酶反应）两天,经０．０１ＮＮａＯＨ猝灭反应后用紫外差吸收光谱法测相对酶活;从而建立了含微量水的ＲＮａｓｅＡ活性的测定方法,并得到诱发ＲＮａｓｅＡ活性的最低水含量阈值约为０．１６克水／克酶,即当一个ＲＮａｓｅＡ分子周围有约１２２个水分子时ＲＮａｓｅＡ开始具有生物活性。