新型Taq Man-MGB探针在结核分枝杆菌实时PCR检测中的应用

为建立一种比现有方法敏感、准确性高、重复性好的结核分枝杆菌DNA定性定量检测方法 ,以TaqMan探针技术为基础 ,运用TaqMan MGB探针 ,实时检测临床标本中的结核分枝杆菌DNA .用来自临床标本的DNA及克隆于载体的IS6 1 1 0序列检测所建立方法的有效性 .结果显示 ,所建立方法的最低检测限度为 1个基因拷贝 反应 ,在每反应 1 0 0 ～ 1 0 8拷贝范围内 ,Ct 值同DNA量的对数呈线性关系 .同一模板不同时间或同一时间不同管内扩增 ,所得Ct 值恒定 .用该方法检测 37例结核分枝杆菌培养阳性的痰液标本 ,敏感度为 1 0 0 % ;用该方法检测 1 6例TB系列阴性参考品 ,特异性为1 0 0 % .结果表明 ,所建立的方法是用于结核分枝杆菌定性定量检测较理想的方法     

Diagnostic challenges of single plaque-like lesion paucibacillary leprosy

The diagnosis of single-lesion paucibacillary leprosy remains a challenge. Reviews by expert dermatopathologists and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results obtained from 66 single-plaque biopsy samples were compared. Histological findings were graded as high (HP), medium (MP) or low (LP) probability of leprosy or other dermatopathy (OD). Mycobacterium leprae-specific genes were detected using qPCR. The biopsies of 47 out of 57 clinically diagnosed patients who received multidrug therapy were classified as HP/MP, eight of which were qPCR negative. In the LP/OD (n = 19), two out of eight untreated patients showed positive qPCR results. In the absence of typical histopathological features, qPCR may be utilised to aid in final patient diagnosis, thus reducing overtreatment and delay in diagnosis.     

Comparative Evaluation of Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for Routine Enumeration of Specific Bacterial DNA in Aquatic Samples

Summary Three quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, the internal standard method (IS-PCR), competitive PCR (cPCR) and most probable number-PCR (MPN-PCR), were compared in terms of their ability to quantify specific bacterial DNA in environmental samples. Serially diluted Pseudomonas putida BH, the target bacterium, was inoculated into sterilized potassium phosphate buffer (PPB), river water and activated sludge, total DNA was extracted, and the number of pheB genes carried by P. putida BH in each sample was enumerated. IS-PCR and cPCR could not quantify the pheB gene at low concentrations (1.0 × 10³ copies ml^-1 in all samples and 1.0 × 10⁴ copies ml^--1 in some samples) and tended to give overestimations because of differences in amplification efficiencies between pheB gene and the internal standard/competitor in a reaction tube. Although reproducibility of MPN-PCR was slightly lower than that of the other two methods, MPN-PCR was the most sensitive, enabling us to quantify the pheB gene at 1.0 × 10³ copies ml^--1, and it had a good correlation with the inoculum size of P. putida BH. These results suggest that MPN-PCR is the best suited for routine microbial monitoring in natural environmental samples because of the simple handling, the ease of modification as occasion demands and the wide detection range, especially at low cell densities of the target microbe.     

牙菌斑形成早期微生物定植规律的定量PCR研究

目的观察牙面彻底清洁后24 h内牙面上定植的变异链球菌、伴放线放线杆菌和总微生物的数量变化。方法 8名健康成人接受全口洁治后,分别于6、12和24 h收集龈上菌斑,提取菌斑内细菌的基因组DNA。设计变异链球菌、伴放线放线杆菌和总菌特异性引物,获得目的基因,克隆于大肠埃希菌DH5α感受态细胞,测序后获得质粒标准品。将样本和梯度稀释的质粒标准品进行SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测,绘制标准曲线,确定样本中变异链球菌、伴放线放线杆菌和总菌DNA拷贝数。结果牙面彻底清洁6 h后即有大量变异链球菌定植,变异链球菌拷贝数占总菌的0.32%,24 h后增加到0.67%。12 h时定植的变异链球菌拷贝数高于6 h,差异有统计学意义（P=0.031）,24 h后继续增加（P=0.024）。12 h时定植的总菌拷贝数高于6 h,差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）,24 h后继续增加（P=0.042）。牙菌斑中伴放线放线杆菌的拷贝数低于103。结论早期牙菌斑中12 h定植的变异链球菌和总菌数量高于6 h,且24 h内不断增加,仅有少量伴放线放线杆菌定植。     

持家基因作为相对定量内标物的稳定性比较

定量PCR是在PCR定性技术基础上发展起来的核酸定量技术,定量检测时常用编码甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶、β-肌动蛋白、28S和18SrRNA等的持家基因作为内部参照,这些基因被认为在某些类型细胞中的表达是恒定的。近年来,很多研究者发现上述持家基因的表达水平并不稳定,利用它们作为内标来定量并不准确。因此,在进行定量实验时应选择适当的2种或2种以上的内参基因,以减少检测标本间的差异。     

适用于分离人肠道中双歧杆菌的选择性培养基

【目的】比较并评价5种双歧杆菌选择性培养基对人源双歧杆菌的分离效果,试图筛选出一种适用于人肠道中双歧杆菌分离培养的选择性培养基。【方法】采集6份健康人粪便样品稀释涂布于5种选择性培养基上,厌氧培养后计数菌落并挑选单菌落进行鉴定。同时提取样品中细菌宏基因组DNA,应用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(Denaturing Gel Gradient Electrophoresis,DGGE)和荧光定量PCR技术(Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction,q-PCR)揭示样品中双歧杆菌种类和数量,并以此为依据,客观评价上述5种选择性培养基的分离效果。【结果】BSM培养基和BLM培养基上双歧杆菌的计数结果与q-PCR的定量结果最为接近,并显著高于其它3种培养基。BLM培养基上分离到双歧杆菌的种类与DGGE图谱多样性分析的结果最为接近。【结论】BLM培养基是一种适用于人肠道中双歧杆菌分离培养的选择性培养基。     

临床皮炎外瓶霉荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

目的 建立基于TaqMan探针技术的皮炎外瓶霉荧光定量PCR检测方法.方法 通过对皮炎外瓶霉ITS区域基因组序列（GenBank：JN675373.1）进行分析,设计合成特异性引物和荧光标记探针,优化荧光定量PCR反应条件.以临床标本中分离的皮炎外瓶霉为阳性菌株,及其他种类真菌和细菌作为阴性对照菌株,从特异性、敏感性及重复性方面对该方法检测效果进行评价.结果 该研究设计的引物和探针能扩增皮炎外瓶霉特异性序列.临床分离得到的皮炎外瓶霉在反应中有明显扩增曲线,而甄氏外瓶霉、棘状外瓶霉、烟曲霉、白色念珠菌、新生隐球菌、马内菲青霉等20株菌在CT值≤38范围内均未有扩增;利用基因重组构建的标准品完成了标准曲线的绘制,在1.0×103～1.0×107拷贝数（Cp）内具有良好的线性关系（R2=1.000）,最低可检出量为10 Cp/μL.结论 成功建立了荧光定量PCR检测皮炎外瓶霉方法,该法特异度强、敏感度高、重复性好,将有助于临床皮炎外瓶霉感染的早期诊断和针对性治疗.     

The use of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for identification and enumeration of Lactobacillus buchneri in silage

Aims:  To detect and quantify Lactobacillus buchneri in plant samples with the aid of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.
Methods and Results:  DNA from silage samples spiked with different amounts of L. buchneri cells was isolated using a lysozyme/sodium dodecyl sulfate lysis and phenol/chloroform extraction method. The DNA served as a template for PCR amplification with primers specific for the bacterium. The primers were developed by comparison of 16S rDNA sequences from different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and testing for specificity with 11 different strains of LAB. As few as 100 L. buchneri colony-forming units per gram of silage could be detected. Additionally, the technique was successfully applied to quantify the population of L. buchneri in two cultivars of corn with or without inoculation.
Conclusions:  The PCR assay provided a specific and rapid tool for identifying and enumerating L. buchneri in silage samples.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The use of microbial inoculants for silage production is a safe and environment friendly practice, but the full potential of such additives can only be achieved with a better understanding of the fate and activity of the microbes involved. The current study describes a methodology to detect and enumerate L. buchneri , a micro-organism used as an inoculant.     

早晚牙菌斑变异链球菌定植差异的定量PCR检测

目的 采用实时荧光定量PCR检测白天和晚上所形成牙菌斑生物膜中变异链球菌的数量,比较早晚牙菌斑中变异链球菌定植的差异.方法 收集30名健康成人全口口腔洁治后白天和晚上形成的龈上菌斑,提取细菌基因组DNA.合成变异链球菌特异性引物,纯化PCR产物获得目的基因连接于pTA-TA载体,克隆于大肠埃希菌DH5 α感受态细胞.选取阳性克隆测序后纯化质粒DNA,获得质粒标准品.将样本和梯度稀释的质粒标准品进行SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR检测,确定标准曲线,定量样本中变异链球菌DNA的拷贝数.结果 早晚牙菌斑细菌基因组DNA样本的扩增曲线均在标准品的扩增曲线范围内.晚上所形成牙菌斑中定植的变异链球菌数量(对数值7.67 ±0.77)高于白天定植的变异链球菌数量(对数值7.25±0.62)(P =0.007).结论 牙菌斑的微生物定植存在日夜节奏变化,晚上所形成牙菌斑中变异链球菌数量多于白天.     

Stress induces tRNA cleavage by angiogenin in mammalian cells

tRNAs play a central role in protein translation, acting as the carrier of amino acids. By cloning microRNAs, we unexpectedly obtained some tRNA fragments generated by tRNA cleavage in the anticodon loop. These tRNA fragments are present in many cell lines and different mouse tissues. In addition, various stress conditions can induce this tRNA cleavage event in mammalian cells. More importantly, angiogenin (ANG), a member of RNase A superfamily, appears to be the nuclease which cleaves tRNAs into tRNA halves in vitro and in vivo. These results imply that angiogenin plays an important physiological role in cell stress response, except for the known function of inducing angiogenesis.