大肠杆菌tyrR基因剔除及其对苯丙氨酸生物合成的影响

TyrR是大肠杆菌芳香族氨基酸生物合成和运输途径中的一种全局性调控蛋白质。采用双交换同源重组的方法定位突变大肠杆菌染色体tyrR基因 ,在该基因中插入带有卡那霉素抗性基因的DNA片段 ,使之失活 ,实现基因剔除。经PCR、DNA测序、lacZ报告基因等多种方法证实了基因剔除的可靠性。tyrR基因剔除后 ,大肠杆菌芳香族氨基酸生物合成中受TyrR蛋白调控的关键酶的酶活力有所提高 :3 脱氧 2 阿拉伯庚酮糖 7 磷酸合成酶(DAHPS ,由aroG编码 )酶活力提高了 1.0 8倍 ,转氨酶 (AT ,由tyrB编码 )酶活力提高了 2 .70倍 ;突变菌株发酵生产苯丙氨酸的能力提高了 1.5 9倍 ;同时 ,与芳香族氨基酸运输相关的通透酶基因aroP(P)的阻遏被解除 ,细胞运输芳香族氨基酸的能力提高了 70 .2 %。     

Analysis of Urs(g)-Mediated Glucose Repression of the Gal1 Promoter of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Repression of GAL1 expression during growth on glucose is mediated in part by cis-acting promoter elements designated URSG. We show that oligonucleotides containing sequences from two regions of URSG confer glucose repression upon a heterologous promoter. Repression caused by URSG is dependent on trans-acting factors of the glucose repression pathway and is independent of orientation or location within a promoter, suggesting that URSG contains binding sites for a glucose-activated repressor protein(s). Genetic analysis identified three apparently novel genes (URR1, URR3 and URR4) that are specifically required for URSG-mediated repression and may encode such repressor proteins. Mutations in the URR genes suppress the defect in URSG derepression caused by a snf1 mutation.     

Mutational analysis of repression and activation of the tyrP gene in Escherichia coli.

In a previous report it had been suggested that the tyrP gene of Escherichia coli may be expressed from two separate promoters. We have endeavored to confirm this suggestion by primer extension studies and the separate subcloning of each of these promoters. In these studies, we found a single promoter whose expression was repressed by TyrR protein in the presence of tyrosine and activated by TyrR protein in the presence of phenylalanine. Two adjacent TYR R boxes, with the downstream one overlapping the tyrP promoter, are the likely targets for the action of TyrR protein. Mutational analysis showed that both TYR R boxes were required for tyrosine-mediated repression but that only the upstream box was required for phenylalanine-mediated activation. In vitro DNase protection studies established that whereas in the absence of tyrosine TyrR protein protected the region of DNA represented by the upstream box, at low TyrR protein concentrations both tyrosine and ATP were required to protect the region of DNA involving the downstream box and overlapping the RNA polymerase binding site.     

Mutations in the tyrR gene of Escherichia coli which affect TyrR-mediated activation but not TyrR-mediated repression.

Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to further characterize amino acid residues necessary for the activation of gene expression by the TyrR protein. Amino acid substitutions have been made at positions 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 16. TyrR mutants with amino acid substitutions V-5-->P (VP5), VF5, CS7, CR7, DR9, RI10, RS10, and ER16 show no or very little activation of expression of either mtr or tyrP. In each case, however, the ability to repress aroF is unaltered. Amino acid substitutions at positions 4, 6, and 8 have no effect on activation. Small internal deletions of residues 10 to 19, 20 to 29, or 30 to 39 also destroy phenylalanine- or tyrosine-mediated activation of mtr and tyrP. In these mutants repression of aroF is also unaltered. In activation-defective tyrR mutants, expression of mtr is repressed in the presence of tyrosine. This tyrosine-mediated repression is trpR dependent and implies an interaction between TrpR and TyrR proteins in the presence of tyrosine.     

A genetic analysis of various functions of the TyrR protein of Escherichia coli.

The TyrR protein is involved in both repression and activation of the genes of the TyrR regulon. Correction of an error in a previously published sequence has revealed a Cro-like helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain near the carboxyl terminus. Site-directed mutagenesis in this region has generated a number of mutants that can no longer repress or activate. Deletions of amino acid residues 5 to 42 produced a protein that could repress but not activate. The central domain of TyrR contains an ATP-binding site and is homologous with the NtrC family of activator proteins. A mutation to site A of the ATP-binding site and other mutations in this region affect tyrosine-mediated repression but do not prevent activation or phenylalanine-mediated repression of aroG.