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1.
One hundred and thirty seven isolates of Candida species were isolated from antiobiotic associated diarrhoea cases and were examined to study the role of Candida in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in infants. The quantitative estimation of yeast population by simple gram stain smear revealed more than 70% of the cases had 3+ score. The isolates further screened for detection of -lactamases. Among the isolated Candida sp, -lactamases was secreted by C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. Further, 46% of the Candida isolates were found to be produced 741–1110 mU/ml of -lactamases, suggesting that these enzyme would inactivate penicillin group of drugs and cause failure in the therapy directed against other diarrhoegenic bacteria.Abbreviation AAD
antibiotic associated diarrhoea 相似文献
2.
Determination of Candida species represents an important problem derived from the clinical implications of the species belonging to this genus. DNA probes have already been used for the epidemiology of Candida albicans, as well as for taxonomic analysis of Candida and other genera, although these probes are based on non-species-specific DNA sequences. In this work we carried out a 48-h assay, allowing the identification of C. albicans from clinical isolates, using DNA probes based on C. albicans LEU2 and URA3 genes. Another probe related to C. albicans SEC18 gene was shown not to be C. albicans specific. 相似文献
3.
The proportion of Candida and non- Candida species in the clinical material from patients. with respiratory-tract diseases was determined. C. albicans was isolated in 102 cases. An additional 89 strains of yeasts, isolated in association with respiratory diseases, belonged
to 10 non- albicans Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. The prevailing species, which occurred in 47 cases, was C. parapsilosis. C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. guilliermondii were isolated in 12, 10, and 9 cases, respectively. Four strains of C. krusei and three strains of C. lusitaniae and one strain each of C. freyschussii, C. robusta, C. zeylanoides, and Cryptococcus neoformans were also isolated. 相似文献
4.
Fatty acid composition of the lipids produced by four strains of Candida species was studied. Oleic acid was the principal fatty acid. Cellular lipids of Candida sp. and C. pulcherima were rich in palmitic acid. Lipids from C. lipolytica contained a significant amount of palmitoleic acid, whereas C. farinosa produced oil rich in stearis and α-linolenic acid. Analysis of cellular lipids of Candida sp. and C. pulcherima during growth on a nitrogen-limited medium showed that oils accumulated in the exponential growth phase were more unsaturated
than those accumulated in the decelerating and stationary phases. In a chemostat culture, Candida sp. accumulated about 40% of lipid. The specific rate of lipid formation, at a dilution rate of D=0.09/h, was 35 mg of lipid per g of biomass per h and the yield of lipid on glucose was 11.4%. 相似文献
5.
Forty strains of Candida and one of Torulopsis were isolated from patients with cutaneous candidiasis. The isolates comprised 29 strains of C. albicans, 7 strains of C. tropicalis, 2 strains of C. guilliermondii, and one each of C. parakrusei, C. lipolytica, and T. famata were identified by the ordinary method. Besides the common pathogen C. albicans, a few other species of Candida may be etiologic organisms of cutaneous candidiasis. These strains were re-examined by combined use of sucrose agar slants and slide agglutination tests with IgG monofactorial antibodies as a rapid identification method, especially for determining serotypes of C. albicans. The new method was useful and reliable for rapid identification of C. albicans and related species. All strains of C. albicans isolated from skin lesions proved to be standard serotypes of C. albicans.
Zusammenfassung Vierzig Stämme vonCandida und eins vonTorulopsis wurden aus Kranken mit kutanen Candidamykosen isoliert. Neunundzwanzig Stämme vonC. albicans, 7 vonC. tropicalis, 2 vonC. guilliermondii, und je einer vonC. parakrusei, C. lipolytica undT. famata wurden mit dem ordinären Methode identifiziert. Außer dem gewohnlichen Erreger,C. albicans, konnten auch ein Paar andere Spezies vonCandida als den Erreger betrachtet werden. Sechsunddreißig Stämme vonC. albicans undC. tropicalis wurden mit der von uns verbesserten kombinierten serologischen und biologischen Methode untersucht, besonders um den Serotypus vonC. albicans festzusetzen. Die neue Methode war gut und zuverlässig als die rapide Identification vonC. albicans und verwandten Spezies. Alle aus der Hautläsion isoliertenC. albicans waren der in Japan allgemeine Serotypus vonC. albicans. 相似文献
6.
Non-albicans Candida species and other rare yeasts have emerged as major opportunistic pathogens in fungal infections. Identification of opportunistic yeasts in developing countries is mainly performed by phenotypic assay, which are time-consuming and prone to errors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate PCR-RFLP as a routinely used identification technique for the most clinically important Candida species in Iran and make a comparison with a novel multiplex PCR, called 21-plex PCR. One hundred and seventy-three yeast isolates from clinical sources were selected and identified with sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of rDNA (LSU rDNA) sequencing as the gold standard method. The results were compared with those obtained by PCR-RFLP using MspI restriction enzyme and the 21-plex PCR. PCR-RFLP correctly identified 93.4% of common pathogenic Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and P. kudriavsevii (=?C. krusei)) and was able to identify 45.5% of isolates of the uncommon yeast species compared to the D1/D2 rDNA sequencing. Compared with PCR-RFLP, all common Candida species and 72.7% of uncommon yeast species were correctly identified by the 21-plex PCR. The application of the 21-plex PCR assay as a non-sequence-based molecular method for the identification of common and rare yeasts can reduce turnaround time and costs for the identification of clinically important yeasts and can be applied in resource-limited settings. 相似文献
7.
Summary A survey was made of the yeasts occurring in the intestinal tract of wild species of Drosophila occurring in the Yosemite Region of California. Two hundred and forty one yeasts, representing 42 species and varieties,
were identified. Each isolate was obtained from a different fly. Almost half of the isolates belong to Saccharomyces. The most common species in this genus were S. montanus (36 isolates), S. veronae (30 isolates), S. cerevisiae var. tetrasporus (22 isolates) and S. drosophilarum (13 isolates). Further species are listed in Table 1. Zygosaccharomyces fermentati Naganishi was shown to be a distinct species and not a synonym of S. cerevisiae. In order to avoid confusion with another yeast of the same name, it has been proposed to change the name Z. fermentati to S. montanus Naganishi. Two new species of Saccharomyces were described, S. wickerhamii and S. kluyveri. S. mangini var. tetrasporus has been renamed S. cerevisiae var. tetrasporus. A non-cellobiose attacking strain of S. drosophilarum has been designated tentatively S. drosophilarum var. acellobiosa. A new species of the genus Pichia was described as P. xylosa. Saccharomyces pastori and Saccharomyces pini were transferred to the genus Pichia on the basis of arguments given in the preceding paper. A new species of Trichosporon was described as Tr. aculeatum on the basis of the presence of characteristic needlelike cells. Common species besides those mentioned in Saccharomyces were Hansenula angusta (19), Kloeckera apiculata (15), Kl. magna (13), and Torulopsis stellata (10). Other genera represented were Hanseniaspora, Cryptococus, Rhodotorula, Candida and Oospora. Evidence was obtained that many species of imperfect genera consist of distinctly different physiological types. 相似文献
8.
A total of 102 Candida species were isolated from blood cultures from January 1997 to October 1999. Using assimilation of carbohydrate test, 52
(51.0%) of the Candida sp. were identified as C. parapsilosis, 25.5% (26) were C. tropicalis. C. albicans made up 11.8% (12), 6.9% (7) were C. rugosa, 3.8% (4) C. glabrata and 1% (1) C. guilliermondii. No C. dubliniensis was found in the study. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests showed that all Candida species were sensitive to nystatin, amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Although all isolates remained sensitive to fluconazole,
intermediate susceptibility was found in 3 C. rugosa isolates. Antifungal agents with high frequency of resistance were econazole, clotrimazole, miconazole and 5-fluorocytosine.
Candida species found to have resistance to these antifungal agents were non- C. albicans.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
An electron microscopic comparison was made of five species of Candida, namely: C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea and C. tropicalis. The cell wall, plasma membrane and the cytoplasm with its organelles were described. The cell wall of C. tropicalis was twice as thick as the cell wall in the other species. C. krusei appeared with distinct, rather elaborate wall sculpturing, a feature not pronounced in the other four species. A single nucleus with nucleolus appeared only in micrographs of C. guilliermondii and C. krusei. At the same time, large central electron-luscent area (vacuole) appeared in the cells of C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis and C. stellatoidea. The cytoplasm of C. tropicalis was characterized by a granular appearance. Budding cells and pseudohyphae appeared similar to single cells in their general organelles. Such organelles in species studied were similar to these reported for other yeasts. These include: mitochondria, lipid granules, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and vacuoles.Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, San Antonio, Texas.In partial fulfillment of the requirement of course work for Master of Science, Incarnate Word College, San Antonio. 相似文献
10.
Candida bogoriensis, C.buffonii, C.diffluens, C.foliarum and C.javanica, produce an extracellular polysaccharide which contains galactose, glucose, mannose, fucose and rhamnose. These sugars were also found in cell-wall preparations of the same yeast species. The cell-wall preparations of C.diffluens and C.foliarum included capsular material. The similarity in composition of the extracellular polysaccharides and components of the cell wall suggests that both are synthetized by the same enzymatic system. The five Candida species may be closely related. 相似文献
11.
In this study, we investigated the yeasts colonization of genus Candida, including C. dubliniensis, isolated of HIV-infected patients oral cavities and we accessed in vitro susceptibility pattern of the Candida isolates to four antifungal agents. Out of 99 patients investigated, 62 (62.6%) were colonized with yeasts. C. albicans was the prevailing species (50%). C. dubliniensis isolates were not recovered in our study. We verified that 8.1% of the yeasts isolated were resistant to fluconazole, 8.1%
to itraconazole and 3.2% to voriconazole. The isolates demonstrated very low voriconazole MICs, in which 79% (49/62) presented
values of 0.015 μg/ml. All Candida isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. The results reported here showed that although C. albicans continues to be present in one-half of oral Candida carriage of HIV-infected patients, Candida non-albicans species are increasing among these patients. Besides, the findings of resistant isolates endorse the role of
antifungal susceptibility testing whenever antifungal treatment with azoles is planned. 相似文献
12.
The general size and composition of the extant yeast populations in 13 polluted freshwater habitats were surveyed. Subsequently the yeast populations in three of the 13 locations were quantitatively determined and compared. The three locations had (A) low pollution levels, (B) heavy industrial waste pollution, and (C) heavy domestic waste pollution.The yeast population at location A was dominated by Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus isolates. At station B Rhodotorula and Candida were predominant. Candida isolates were in the majority at location C and Rhodotorula strains were second in frequency, but were much lower in proportion of the population than at the other two habitats.These polluted waters in general had large yeast populations, ranging as high as 27,000 yeasts per 100 ml, and averaging approximately 3000 yeasts per 100 ml.The presence of human wastes was especially associated with large increases in the proportion of Candida yeasts in the environment. The genus Rhodotorula was consistently present at all locations, but the genus Cryptococcus was a major component of the yeast population only in non-polluted or lightly polluted fresh water.We appreciate the assistance of the Calumet Area Surveillance Program, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Chicago, in the collection of water samples. This investigation was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Research Grant No. AI 04642 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 相似文献
13.
Summary A survey was made of the yeasts occurring in slime fluxes of Quercus kellogii (black oak), Abies concolor (red fir) and in certain mushrooms and dead logs in the mountains of the Yosemite region of California. Most of the 134 isolates
identified were found to be non-fermentative or poorly fermentative (fermenting glucose only and usually weakly). The isolates
were placed in the following genera: Pichia (34), Debaryomyces (35), imperfect forms of Hansenula (39), Endomyces (3), Saccharomyces (2), Candida (11), Trichosporon (7), Torulopsis (1), Cryptococcus (1) and Sporobolomyces (1). Four new species have been described, Pichia silvestris, Pichia quercibus, Pichia carsonii and Debaryomyces fluxorum. P. quercibus and P. carsonii are unusual representatives of the genus Pichia in that they form a very primitive pseudomycelium and lack pellicles on malt extract. To accommodate such species an amended
diagnosis of the genus Pichia has been proposed by Phaff in an accompanying paper. Saccharomyces pastori, of which 12 isolates were obtained, has been transferred to the amended genus Pichia as P. pastori (Guilliermond) nov. comb. 相似文献
14.
The incidence of non- albicans Candida and non- Candida species isolated from the urine of patients admitted to various departments of the Faculty Hospital of the Medical Faculty of Šafárik University in Košice was examined. From a total of 94 samples of analyzed urine 58 strains of C. albicans and 36 strains of yeasts belonging to 6 species of non- albicans Candida and non- Candida spp. were detected: C. parapsilosis (n=23), C. tropicalis (6), C. krusei (3), C. robusta (2), C. catenulata (1) and Cryptococcus neoformans (1). In relation to the diagnosis, the yeasts were isolated from patients suffering from a kidneys disease, epididymitis,
diabetes, neoplastic diseases, urogenital anomalies, obstructive uropathy, cystitis, prostatitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome,
and others. 相似文献
15.
Infections caused by Candida yeasts are common in elderly individuals. Seventy-five isolates of Candida spp. were obtained from saliva samples of 136 institutionalized elderly individuals resident in six retirement homes of Belo
Horizonte, Brazil. Forty-seven isolates (62.66%) were identified as Candida albicans, 15 (20%) as C. tropicalis, 7 (9.33%) as C. glabrata, 4 (5.33) as C. parapsilosis, and 2 (2.67%) as C. guilliermondii. Among the 136 elderly individuals studied, 49 (36%) were male and 87 (64%) were female. Ages ranged from 60 to 90 years
old. Sixty-three (46.3%) of the institutionalized individuals were denture wearers and, among them, 53 (84.1%) carried Candida yeasts in the oral cavity. Forty-four subjects presented lesions in the oral mucosa and among these, 36 (82%), had positive
culture for Candida spp. The samples were tested for the in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole and 5-flucytosin, and great variations were observed in the minimum
inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these drugs according to the species. 相似文献
16.
The yeast Candida albicans coaggregates with a variety of streptococcal species, an interaction that may promote oral colonization by yeast cells. C. albicans and Candida tropicalis are the yeasts most frequently isolated from the human oral cavity and our data demonstrate that both these species bind to Streptococcus gordonii NCTC 7869 while two other Candida species ( Candida krusei and Candida kefyr) do not. Adherence of C. albicans was greatest when the yeast had been grown at 30° C to mid-exponential growth phase. For 21 strains of C. albicans there was a positive correlation between the ability to adhere to S. gordonii and adherence to experimental salivary pellicle. Whole saliva either stimulated or slightly inhibited adherence of C. albicans to S. gordonii depending on the streptococcal growth conditions. The results suggest that the major salivary adhesins and coaggregation adhesins of C. albicans are co-expressed. 相似文献
17.
Identifications of ubiquinone isoprenologues are presented for isolates identified with six species of Taphrina and for isolates of the two species of Symbiotaphrina. All had Q-10 as the major ubiquinone system. The inclusion of T. populina and S. buchneri, the respective type species, establishes this as the value for these genera. Both species of Symbiotaphrina were urease positive even though, according to the literature, they are unable to utilize urea as a sole nitrogen source. The urease results for the Taphrina isolates were mixed. 相似文献
18.
The incidence of candidemia and invasive candidiasis have increased markedly due to the increasing number of immunocompromised
patients. There are five major medically important species of Candida with their frequency of isolation in the diminishing order namely Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. In addition, there are numerous other species of Candida which differ in their genetic makeup, virulence properties, drug susceptibilities and sugar assimilation capabilities. In
this report, an unusual Candida species was isolated from the blood of two leukaemic patients. Conventional culture and biochemical tests identified the
Candida species as C. parapsilosis. Using fungal-specific oligonucleotide primers ITS1 and ITS4, we managed to amplify the ribosomal RNA gene and its internal
transcribed spacer region from the genomic DNA of these isolates. The PCR products were then purified and subjected to automated
DNA sequencing using BLAST and CLUSTAL sequence analysis identified these isolates to be Candida orthopsilosis. Candida orthopsilosis is a new species recently identified in 2005, being morphologically indistinguishable from C. parapsilosis and was previously classified as a subspecies of C. parapsilosis. This report highlights the importance of complementing traditional culture and biochemical-based identification methods
with DNA-based molecular assays such as PCR as the latter is more superior in terms of its discriminatory power and speed. 相似文献
19.
Candida-associated denture stomatitis was demonstrated by its cultivation in 171 out of 240 patients examined with partial or total
dentures. After taking smears from lesions of the oral mucosa (tongue, cheeks, palate) and the contiguous denture surface
by cotton wool swabs and inoculating them onto Sabouraud glucose agar and CHROMagar Candida, individual yeast species were identified by a germ tube. filamentous, and assimilation tests employing the commercial kit
AuxaColor. Seven Candida species were identified in smears from the oral mucosa lesions and the contiguous denture surface: C. albicans (95 patients), C. tropicalis (26). C. parapsilosis (20), C. krusei (14), C. guilliermondii (12), C. lusitaniae (1) and C. freyschusii (1). Diabetes mellitus, neoplastic diseases, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy were identified
as some of the large number of factors predisposing patients to stomatitis prothetica. 相似文献
20.
Investigation of yeasts from Antarctic regions revealed that certain species of Candida have heterobasidiomycetous life cycles. Two distinct but overlapping groups of species were found: heterothallic and self-sporulating species. Candida scottii is a heterothallic species with the following life cycle: opposite mating types will conjugate and develop a dikaryotic mycelium with clamp connections. Karyogamy occurs in the teliospore which germinates and produces a promycelium. Meiosis takes place in the promycelium, followed by development of haploid sporidia to complete the life cycle. In addition, C. scottii has a self-sporulating phase. From a single cell, in the apparent absence of mating, a uninucleate mycelium is produced that lacks clamp connections. Teliospores, promycelia and sporidia develop that appear similar to those produced from dikaryotic mycelium.The self-sporulating species have life histories similar to the self-sporulating phase of C. scottii; except that heterothallism has not been observed.Based on these life histories the new genus Leucosporidium is proposed with two heterothallic species ( Leu. scottii and Leu. capsuligenum) and five self-sporulating species ( Leu. antarcticum, Leu. frigidum, Leu. gelidum, Leu. nivalis and Leu. stokesii. Leu. antarcticum) and Leu. stokesii have not been described under the genus Candida.Contribution No. 1138 from the Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Miami, Fla.This study was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Office of Antarctic Programs, Grant GA-3957. The authors are grateful to Dr. E. Marelli for editing the Latin diagnosis. 相似文献
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