Postmortem Blood Sugar and Blood Urea Nitrogen Determinations

Glucose and urea nitrogen determinations were made on blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples collected during 160 postmortem examinations in order to determine the usefulness of such tests in diagnosing diabetes and uremia at the time of autopsy. The results indicated that: (1) Blood is unsuitable for postmortem glucose determination, and no postmortem normal can be established. (2) Cerebrospinal fluid gave more uniform but very low glucose values. (3) Diabetics as a group had very high postmortem glucose levels but showed a marked overlap with non-diabetics. (4) Infants less than 3 months of age showed high postmortem glucose values. (5) Postmortem blood urea nitrogen and cerebrospinal fluid urea nitrogen levels were within normal limits in previously healthy persons who died suddenly from accidental causes. (6) Hospital autopsy cases had high urea nitrogen levels. (7) Postmortem urea nitrogen levels higher than 100 mg.% were indicative of uremia.     

An Evaluation of the Urograph Method for Blood Urea Nitrogen Estimation

Analysis of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) on 160 sera by Urograph and autoanalysis revealed excellent correlation if the results of the Urograph method were reported in one of three ranges: under 20 mg. %, between 20 and 50 mg. %, and over 50 mg. %. Because of the simplicity of the Urograph method, it is suggested that this procedure should be useful for night, weekend and emergency analyses, or possibly for mass screening of BUN levels where automated equipment is not available.     

不同尿素氮水平尿毒血清对人脐静脉内皮细胞的影响

目的:观察不同BUN水平尿毒血清对体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的影响,并探讨尿毒症患者动脉粥样硬化发病的可能机制.方法:比色法测定HUVEC上清液NO、MDA的水平;免疫细胞化学法测定胞浆iNOS表达;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定上清液iNOS蛋白水平.结果:尿毒血清各组均可上调HUVEC的MDA生成,且以BUN≥50 mmol/L的尿毒血清组对MDA上调最明显(P<0.01);尿毒血清各组可下调HUVEC的NO生成,呈BUN浓度依赖性关系(P<0.01);尿毒血清各组可激活HUVEC的iNOS,诱导细胞生成大量NO,但随着BUN水平的升高,NO、iNOS呈下降趋势,BUN≥50 mmol/L尿毒血清组下降显著(P<0.01).结论:尿毒血清对HUVEC有毒性作用,呈BUN浓度依赖性关系,尤其是BUN≥50 mmol/L时,细胞损伤更为加重.     

亲水色谱法分析白坚木皮醇的研究

白坚木皮醇是天然橡胶制胶乳液中存在的一种具有极高药用价值的天然化合物,多存在于制胶废水中。由于其极性高且溶于水,在常用的反相液相色谱柱中保留值较低,分析和分离都较困难。本研究选用SHI-SEIDO PC HILIC色谱柱建立了亲水色谱法(HILIC)测定白坚木皮醇的方法。以乙腈-水(V/V,60/40)为流动相,二极管阵列(DAD)为检测器时,检测波长为190 nm,白坚木皮醇的保留因子为1.07,线性范围为0.05～4mg/mL,检测限0.01 mg/mL。     

The Use of Urograph for the Determination of Urea Nitrogen Concentration in Serum and Plasma

The accuracy and precision of Urograph, a commercial preparation of chromatography papers designed for the determination of urea nitrogen in plasma and serum, were assessed. Results of duplicate determinations were compared with those of two acceptable quantitative procedures, (1) automated diacetyl monoxime and (2) modified Van Slyke and Cullen analysis. Values for serum specimens obtained by Urograph were significantly higher than those found by the Autoanalyzer method. The confidence limits for the Urograph procedure ranged from 12.5% for plasma to 26.6% for sera, whereas the corresponding values were 6.9% and 7.0% for Autoanalyzer. This lack of precision with Urograph appeared to be due mainly to the presence of a few strips in which only partial migration occurred. The papers yielded low values following 81/2 months of storage in the refrigerator; the test was temperature-sensitive.     

Electrolyte,Blood Urea Nitrogen and Glucose Level Screening in Medical Admissions: Impact on Patient Management

Investigators have failed to show the usefulness of screening electrolyte—sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate—blood urea nitrogen and glucose levels. In spite of this, we observed that that practice continues to be widely used at our university medical center. Using a form of consensus analysis, we examined the records of 301 admissions to the medicine service to determine whether laboratory tests were done for diagnostic or screening purposes and whether screening test results led to changes in patient management. Of the 1,764 tests done, 716 (40.6%) were for screening purposes. Only 2 (0.3%) screening test abnormalities led to any therapeutic changes, and many false-positive tests led to unnecessary diagnostic retesting.     

高效液相色谱测定鱼体组织中鱼静安的浓度

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)建立了测定鱼体的鱼血,鱼脑,鱼肉和鱼肝中的鱼静安(MS222)的浓度方法,样品用重蒸水匀浆,离心15min(12000r/min),将上清液用045μm过滤膜过滤,用YWGC18分析柱,流动相为02mol/min磷酸缓冲液(pH31)∶甲醇=85∶15,紫外测试波长223nm,平均回收率鱼血8778%,鱼脑9530%,鱼肉9230%,鱼肝7700%。     

Site-Specific Limitations of Using Urea as a Nitrogen Source in Biodegradation of Petroleum Wastes in Soil

Nutrient addition is important to achieving the carbon/nitrogen balance and successful biodegradation of petroleum contaminants. Urea has been considered as a preferred nitrogen source in enhancing biodegradation, because of its high nitrogen content and commercial availability. This study investigated urea in the biodegradation of petroleum-contaminated soils collected from an arid and sandy area in Egypt. Ammonium nitrate served as the nitrogen amendment control in this study. Biodegradation of petroleum-contaminated soils from Wyoming was monitored as a comparison. Addition of urea failed to improve the enhancement of biodegradation of petroleum-impacted soil from the Egyptian site; in addition, urea demonstrates an adverse effect on the biodegradation rates. Results indicate that urea or its intermediates may inhibit the microorganisms involved in petroleum degradation. Data from this study suggest that the application of urea in the enhancement of biodegradation of petroleum compounds should consider site specificity, and may not be applicable in geological areas or soils structures similar to those in this study.     

Determination of Thymidine Phosphorylase Activity in Human Blood Cells and Fibroblasts by a Nonradiochemical Assay Using Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

In this study, we demonstrated that the highest activity of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) was found in peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells followed by that of thrombocytes and granulocytes whereas no activity of TP could be detected in erythrocytes. The activity of TP in leukocytes proved to be intermediate compared to the TP activity observed in PBM cells and granulocytes. The activity of TP also was readily detectable in human fibroblasts.     

Thrombohemorrhagic Response to Noradrenaline Following Heterologous Blood Transfusion: A Preliminary Report

Normal rats are extremely tolerant to heterologous blood transfusion; however, after subcutaneous injection of noradrenaline, they lose this tolerance and respond with severe thrombohemorrhagic reactions both at the site of injection and in internal organs, particularly the kidney.In histological structure, the topical and general manifestations of this thrombohemorrhagic response are virtually identical with those of the local and general Sanarelli-Shwartzman phenomenon, respectively.Among the blood specimens tested, those of the dog, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, chicken and man were most effective in inducing this type of noradrenaline hypersensitivity. The blood of the duck and hamster as well as homologous rat blood proved to be virtually or completely inefficacious.The possible theoretical and clinical implications of a noradrenaline test for potential blood-borne thrombohemorrhagic factors are briefly discussed.     

Blood Types in Relation to Depressions and Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Report

The distribution of the ABO, A₁, D, E, C, and Kell blood types in relation to selected psychiatric diagnoses was studied in over 700 consecutive admissions to a provincial mental hospital. Predicted relationships based upon recent work in other laboratories were supported by consistent trends approaching statistical significance. In addition, blood group O was found to be significantly associated with involutional melancholia.     

Making Autoradiographs of Individual Blood Cells

Single blood cell autoradiographs were made by smearing blood, diluted with serum, directly upon the emulsion of an Eastman NTB plate. After exposure, the plates were developed in D19. A 10% sodium sulfate solution was used for the photographic fixing to prevent lysis of the cells. After staining with Wright's stain the cells and autographs could be examined simultaneously under the microscope.