Balneomonas flocculans gen. nov., sp. nov., a new cellulose-producing member of the alpha-2 subclass of Proteobacteria

A new bacterial strain capable of producing cellulose was isolated from a hot spring. The isolate was Gram-negative, aerobic, and rod-shaped. The optimum temperature for growth was 40-45 degrees C. Methanol, glucose and other common carbohydrates were not utilized as sole growth substrates. Thiosulfate was not oxidized. The G+C content of the DNA was determined to be 64.0 mol%. Comparative 16S rDNA analysis indicated that Bosea thiooxidans and some strains of the genus Methylobacterium were the nearest relatives. The isolate can be distinguished from these relatives by its defectiveness in methanol utilization and thiosulfate oxidation. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogeny, it is proposed that the isolate be designated Balneomonas flocculans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is TFBT (= JCM 11936T, = KCTC 12101T, = IAM 15034T, = ATCC BAA-817T).     

Rhodovarius lipocyclicus gen. nov. sp. nov., a new genus of the alpha-1 subclass of the Proteobacteria

A bacterial strain (CCUG 44693T) was recovered during an industrial hygiene control. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that it represents a new lineage in the alpha-1 subclass of the Proteobacteria, with the highest sequence similarity of 93.3% to the type strain of Muricoccus roseus. In the polyamine pattern spermidine was the predominant compound. The polar lipid profile consisted of the major lipids phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl dimethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl cholin and an unknown amino lipid. The major respiratory quinone was a ubiquinone Q-10 and the major whole cell fatty acids were 19:0 cyclo omega8c and 18:1 omega7c. The isolate also contained 18:1 2-OH and other fatty acids typical for members of the alpha-1 subclass of the Proteobacteria in addition to 10:0 2-OH in low amounts, not detected in members of closely related genera. The strain grew heterotrophically and strictly aerobically and formed red-colored colonies on tryptone soy agar. Bacteriochlorophyll a could not be detected by direct spectrophotometric analyses of aerobically grown cells. On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses, chemotaxonomic and biochemical characteristics, we propose that strain CCUG 44693T (CIP 108310T) represents a new genus of the alpha-1 subclass of the Proteobacteria for which we propose the name Rhodovarius lipocyclicus gen. nov. sp. nov.     

Oceanicella actignis gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic slightly thermophilic member of the Alphaproteobacteria

Two isolates, designated PRQ-67^T and PRQ-68, with an optimum growth temperature of about 50 °C, growth range in medium containing between 1 and 9% NaCl and an optimum pH for growth between 7.5 and 8.0, were recovered from a shallow marine hot spring on a beach, Praia do Fogo, at Ribeira Quente, on the Island of São Miguel in the Azores. Comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences show these strains to be most closely related (93.1–94.7% similarity) to species of the genus Amaricoccus, within the family Rhodobacteraceae. Strains are non-pigmented and form non-motile pleomorphic cells that stain Gram-negative, are aerobic, oxidase and catalase positive. The major fatty acids are C_18:1ω7c and C_18:1ω7c 11-methyl. Ubiquinone 10 is the major respiratory quinone. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and one aminolipid. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, physiological and biochemical characteristics we describe a new species of a novel genus represented by strain PRQ-67^T (=DSM 22673^T = LMG 25334^T) for which we propose the name Oceanicella actignis.     

Teichococcus ludipueritiae gen. nov. sp. nov., and Muricoccus roseus gen. nov. sp. nov. representing two new genera of the alpha-1 subclass of the Proteobacteria

Two bacterial isolates (170/96T and 173/96T) were recovered from the indoor building materials of a children's day care center. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequences of both isolates indicated they both represent new lineages in the alpha-1-subclass of the Proteobacteria, with the highest sequence similarities of 93.7% and 93.6%, respectively to the type strain of Paracraurococcus ruber. When directly compared both isolates showed a 93.4% sequence similarity of their 16S rRNAs. The major respiratory quinone in both strains was a ubiquinone with 10 isoprenoid units and the major whole cell fatty acid of both strains was 18:1 omega7c. Both isolates also contained 18:1 2-OH and other fatty acids typical for members of the alpha-1 subclass of the Proteobacteria. Both strains were heterotrophic and strictly aerobic and formed slightly red-colored colonies on tryptone soy agar. Bacteriochlorophyll a could not be detected by direct spectrophotometric analyses of aerobically grown cells. On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses, physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that strains 170/96T and 173/96T represent two new genera and new species of the alpha-1 subclass of the Proteobacteria for which we propose the names Teichococcus ludipueritiae gen. nov. sp. nov., and Muricoccus roseus gen. nov. sp. nov., respectively.     

Tepidamorphus gemmatus gen. nov., sp. nov., a slightly thermophilic member of the Alphaproteobacteria

Two isolates, with an optimum growth temperature of about 45–50 °C and an optimum pH for growth between 7.5 and 8.5, were recovered from a hot spring in the Furnas area on the Island of São Miguel in the Azores. Strains form irregular rod-shaped cells are motile and stain Gram negative. The cells multiply by budding. These strains are non-pigmented, strictly aerobic, catalase and oxidase positive. These organisms assimilated carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids. The major fatty acids are 19:0_{cyclo ω8c} and 18:0. Ubiquinone 10 is the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine in addition to one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified glycolipid. Bacteriochlorophyll a, puf genes and RuBisCo genes were not detected. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene shows the strains to cluster with species of the genera Afifella, Rhodobium, Anderseniella and Amorphus to which they have sequence similarity in the range 93–94%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, physiological and biochemical characteristics we describe a new species of a novel genus represented by strain CB-27A^T (=DSM 19345^T=LMG 24113^T) for which we propose the name Tepidamorphus gemmatus.     

Defluvibacter lusatiae gen. nov., sp. nov., a new chlorohenol-degrading member of the alpha-2 subgroup of proteobacteria.

The two Gram-negative bacterial strains S1 and S4 were isolated from activated sludge of an industrial waste water treatment plant and exhibited a stable capability to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, 4-chlorophenol and phenol. The cells were short rods with a polar flagellum, being mesophilic, strictly aerobic, oxidase-positive, and chemoorganotrophic. They utilized a range of amino acids, but only a restricted number of carbohydrates. Reassociation experiments with DNA from strains S1 and S4 revealed high interstrain similarity, indicating, that both strains belong to the same species. The phylogenetic position was determined by comparison of the almost complete 16S rDNA sequence of strain S1 with sequences of related bacteria. Strain S1 clustered with members of the alpha-2 subgroup of the Proteobacteria by forming a separate lineage within the radiation of Mesorhizobium, Phyllobacterium and Sinorhizobium. Both strains can be differentiated from members of related taxa by a set of physiological and chemotaxonomic properties including the ability to grow with norvaline, L-tryptophan, putrescine, glutarate and malonate, and by the presence of spermidine as major polyamine and of 12:0 3OH as fatty acid. Strain S1 is described as type strain of a new species and assigned to a new genus with the proposed name Defluvibacter lusatiae.     

Meiothermus timidus sp. nov., a new slightly thermophilic yellow-pigmented species

Several yellow-pigmented isolates, with optimum growth temperatures between 55 and 60 degrees C, were recovered from hot springs in Central Portugal and the Azores. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA showed that these organisms represented a new species of the genus Meiothermus. The new isolates could be distinguished from other strains of the species of the genus Meiothermus by biochemical characteristics and the fatty acid composition because they had very high levels of iso C15:0 and iso C17:0 and very low levels of anteiso C17:0 and iso C16:0. On the basis of the results presented here we propose the name Meiothermus timidus for the new species represented by strains SPS-243(T) (=LMG 22897(T)=CIP 108604(T)), RQ-10 and RQ-12.     

Wangella harbinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae

A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-J3^T, was isolated from soybean root (Glycine max (L.) Merr) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain NEAU-J3^T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae. The strain was observed to form an extensively branched substrate mycelium, which carried non-motile oval spores with a smooth surface. The cell walls of strain NEAU-J3^T were determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose, ribose and glucose were detected as whole-cell sugars. The major menaquinones were determined to be MK-9(H₄) and MK-9(H₆). The phospholipids detected were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were determined to be C_16:0, C_18:1 ω9c, C_18:0, C_17:0, C_17:1 ω7c, anteiso-C_17:0, C_16:1 ω7c and C_15:0. The DNA G + C content was 62.5 mol%. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides, strain NEAU-J3^T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Wangella harbinensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Wangella harbinensis is strain NEAU-J3^T (=CGMCC 4.7039^T = DSM 45747^T).     

Thermohydrogenium kirishiense gen. nov. and sp. nov., a new anaerobic thermophilic bacterium

Six strains of a new anaerobic thermophilic non-sporeforming bacterium were isolated in pure culture from industrial yeast biomass. Cells were rod-shaped (0.4–0.8×1.0–11.0 m), non-motile. They stained gram-negative, but outer membrane was not present. The growth occurred between 45–75 °C, the optimal temperature is 65°. Optimal pH value was 7.0–7.4. The bacterium utilized for growth several sugars, starch and yeast extract. The best source of nitrogen was peptone. The main fermentation products of glucose were ethanol, acetate, H₂ and CO₂. As minor products isopropanol, butanol, butyrate and lactate were found. Glucose was metabolized via the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway. Cytochromes and quinones were not found. DNA-base composition was 33.2–34.0 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization and 5S rRNA nucleotide sequences showed distantly related of isolated stains to phenotypical similar bacteria. It was proposed to consider the isolated bacterium as Thermohydrogenium kirishiense gen. nov. and sp. nov.     

Sphingopyxis granuli sp. nov., a beta-glucosidase-producing bacterium in the family Sphingomonadaceae in alpha-4 subclass of the Proteobacteria

Strain Kw07T, a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from granules in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactor used in the treatment of brewery wastewater. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Kw07T belongs to the alpha-4 subclass of the Proteobacteria, and the highest degree of sequence similarity was determined to be to Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida IFO 15033T(97.8%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain Kw07T possesses a quinone system with the predominant compound Q-10, the predominant fatty acid C18:1 omega7c, and sphingolipids, all of which corroborated our assignment of the strain to the Sphingopyxis genus. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain Kw07T represents a distinct species. Based on these data, Kw07T (=KCTC 12209T=NBRC 100800T) should be classified as the type strain for a novel Sphingopyxis species, for which the name Sphingopyxis granuli sp. nov. has been proposed.     

Imantonia rotunda gen. et sp. nov., a new member of the Haptophyceae

Imantonia rotunda, a new member of the Haptophyceae, is described and records of its distribution are given. It is characterised by a distinctive “bicycle-wheel” type of scale and does not bear a haptonema.     

Zhizhongheella caldifontis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Comamonadaceae

An alkalitolerant, thermotolerant, strictly aerobic and Gram-staining negative bacterial strain, designated YIM 78140^T, was isolated from a water sample in Hehua hot spring, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The colonies were light brown, convex and circular. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM 78140^T indicated that it was clustered with members of β-Proteobacteria (with the similarity from 96.9 to 93.6 %). Good growth occurred at 40–50 °C, pH 8.0–9.0 and in the presence of 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant ubiquinones were Q-8 and Q-9. The major fatty acids were C_16:0, C_17:0 cyclo, C_18:1 ω7c and summed feature 3. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 70.8 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic analysis allowed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain YIM 78140^T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Therefore, the strain YIM 78140^T represents a novel genus of the family Comamonadaceae, for which the name Zhizhongheella caldifontis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78140^T (= BCRC 80649^T = KCTC 32557^T).     

Sediminihabitans luteus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cellulomonadaceae isolated from sea sediment

Two novel Gram-positive actinobacteria, designated H97-3^T and H83-5, were isolated from marine sediment samples and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. Both strains formed vegetative hyphae in the early phase of growth but the hyphae eventually fragmented into coccoid cells. The peptidoglycan type was found to be A4α. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H₄), and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_17:0 and C_16:0. The DNA G+C content was 74.0–74.9 mol %. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that strains H97-3^T and H83-5 represented novel members of the family Cellulomonadaceae. Their nearest phylogenetic neighbours were the members of the genus Oerskovia, with a similarity of 98.3–98.4 %. However, strains H97-3^T and H83-5 were distinguishable from the members of the genus Oerskovia and the other genera of the family Cellulomonadaceae in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. The result of the DNA–DNA hybridization indicated that strains H97-3^T and H83-5 belonged to the same species. Therefore, strains H97-3^T and H83-5 represent a novel genus and species of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Sediminihabitans luteus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of S. lutes is H97-3^T (=NBRC 108568^T = DSM 25478^T).     

Alexandriicola marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Rhodobacteraceae isolated from marine phycosphere

Two yellow-pigmented bacterial strains, LZ-14 ^T and ABI-LZ29, were isolated from the cultivable phycosphere microbiota of the highly toxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09 and demonstrated obvious microalgae growth-promoting potentials toward the algal host. To elucidate the taxonomic status of the two bioactive bacterial strains, they were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. Both strains were found to be Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile; to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone; summed feature 8, C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and summed feature 3 as the major fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids as the predominant polar lipids. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, phylogenomic inferences and phenotypic characteristics, the strains could be clearly distinguished from phylogenetically closely related species and formed a distinct monophyletic lineage in the family Rhodobacteraceae. The size of the draft genome of strain LZ-14 ^T is 4.615 Mb, with a DNA G?+?C content of 63.3 mol%. It contains ten predicted secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and core genes for bacterial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Therefore, strain LZ-14 ^T (= CCTCC AB 2017230 ^T?=?KCTC 62342 ^T) represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alexandriicola marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed.

     

Genome sequence and description of Timonella senegalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the suborder Micrococcinae

Timonella senegalensis strain JC301^T gen. nov., sp. nov. is the type strain of T. senegalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new species within the newly proposed genus Timonella. This bacterial strain was isolated from the fecal flora of a healthy Senegalese patient. In this report, we detail the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. Timonella senegalensis strain JC301^T exhibits the highest 16S rRNA similarity (95%) with Sanguibacter marinus, the closest validly published bacterial species. The genome of T. senegalensis strain JC301^T is 3,010,102-bp long, with one chromosome and no plasmid. The genome contains 2,721 protein-coding genes and 72 RNA genes, including 5 rRNA genes. The genomic annotation revealed that T. senegalensis strain JC301^T possesses the complete complement of enzymes necessary for the de novo biosynthesis of amino acids and vitamins (except for riboflavin and biotin), as well as the enzymes involved in the metabolism of various carbon sources, chaperone genes, and genes involved in the regulation of polyphosphate and glycogen levels.     

Meiothermus granaticius sp. nov., a new slightly thermophilic red-pigmented species from the Azores

Two red-pigmented isolates, with optimum growth temperatures between 45 and 50 °C, were recovered from a hot spring in the Furnas, Área da Fonte 1825 on the Island of São Miguel in the Azores. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these organisms represented a new species of the genus Meiothermus. These new isolates could be distinguished from other strains of the species of the genus Meiothermus primarily by the fatty acid composition and polar lipid pattern, since they did not possess 2-OH fatty acids or glycolipid variant GL-1a. Moreover, the two new isolates had the lowest growth temperature range of any of the known species of the genus Meiothermus. On the basis of the results presented here we propose the name Meiothermus granaticius for the new species represented by strains AF-68^T (=DSM 23260^T = LMG 25524^T) and AF-49 (=DSM 23259 = LMG 25525).