从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗Acr蛋白人源单链抗体

目的:从天然的大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选特异的抗结核分枝杆菌晶体蛋白( alpha-crystallin Acr)的人源抗体.方法:以结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白包被免疫管,通过对噬菌体抗体库进行4轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”的过程从大容量抗体库中筛选特异性抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的抗体,并对可变区序列进行了测序分析.将特异性的噬菌体抗体感染HB2151菌,经IPTG诱导表达,制备了抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体;对其序列和抗原结合活性进行分析鉴定.结果:经过4轮筛选,获得了43个与结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白结合的阳性克隆,其中29个特异结合的克隆;测序分析有26不同的可变区片段;通过可溶性单链抗体(scFv)表达筛选到14株特异性结合Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体克隆;经过基因测序,分析了可变区基因的亚群.成功制备了可溶性单链抗体.Westren blotting分析证实筛选的人源单链抗体能与天然蛋白结合.结论:利用单链大容量抗体库获得抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的噬菌体抗体并且成功制备抗结核分枝杆菌Acr天然蛋白的可溶性单链抗体,为今后的研究和应用奠定基础.     

从免疫及天然噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗rP27Kip1单链抗体的研究

用重组p27Kip1蛋白(rP27Kip1) 免疫小鼠,从免疫和未经免疫的小鼠脾脏抽提mRNA并扩增小鼠H链(H链)及L链(L链)基因,分别组装成单链可变区片段(ScFv)基因,构建噬菌体免疫抗体库及天然抗体库. 文库仅经一轮抗原-抗体亲和筛选后,用TaqⅠ/HinfⅠ酶切分析转化子. 获自免疫抗体库的64个克隆中,有11个克隆的酶切片段相同,而天然抗体库的64个克隆的片段则都彼此不同,但有1个克隆的酶切片段与免疫抗体库的11个克隆酶切片段相同. 将这些酶切图谱相同的重组片段分别克隆入原核表达载体pET28b(+),并在大肠杆菌(E. coli)中表达,表达产物经ELISA分析,证实可特异结合rP27Kip1抗原,一方面说明在抗体筛选过程中辅以酶切图谱分析,可以有效提高筛选效率,另一方面,也说明从噬菌体抗体库筛选特异性抗体是制备单克隆抗体(McAb)的理想途径之一.     

全人源抗肝癌噬菌体单链抗体库的构建与筛选鉴定

体外致敏并用EBV转化肝癌患者的PBMC．用PCR分别扩增VH和VL基因并组成ScFv基因．将ScFv基因与载体fuse5连接后,电击转化大肠杆菌MC1061,构建噬菌体呈现型ScFv库．用人肝癌细胞及人肝细胞对初级噬菌体抗体库进行亲和富集及phage-ELISA筛选．筛选获得的阳性克隆进行ELISA及免疫组化鉴定并测序．结果表明,经EBV转化的4例肝癌患者PBMC,ELISA检测均有抗肝癌抗体产生,经多次PCR,扩增出6种VH（γ、μ）和9种VL（κ、λ）基因,经连接组成54种ScFv基因．将ScFv基因与载体连接后,导入大肠杆菌MC1061,得到库容为1．0×10^8的初级噬菌体抗体库,全长ScFv基因的插入率为80％．用人肝癌细胞系HepG2和人肝细胞系QSG-7701对抗体库进行三轮正负淘选和富集后,从中随机挑取533个克隆进行ELISA筛选,得到179个阳性克隆,阳性率为33．6％．将179个阳性克隆进一步进行其他细胞系的鉴定,发现克隆A82对肝癌细胞系HepG2、人胚肾上皮细胞系HEK293呈强阳性反应,免疫组织化学结果显示与人肝细胞癌组织有特异性反应,而不与正常肝组织反应．且A82的相对亲和力为2．4mol／L,解离常数Kd为5．32×10^-9mol／L,显示其亲和力较高．对克隆A82进行测序分析,结果表明：A82全长742bp,含linker cDNA序列45bp,重链可变区基因与人胚系IgVH3-23有94.3％的同源性,轻链可变区基因与人胚系IgV4-2有94．9％的同源性,V．D．J分别属于VH3-23-D2-21-JH6-linker-V4-2-JL2．由上述结果可见,应用体外抗原致敏方法和EBV转化技术联合噬菌体抗体库技术,构建了库容量达1×10^8的全人源抗肝癌单链抗体库,通过细胞ELISA和免疫细胞化学鉴定,获得的噬菌体抗体克隆A82具有较强的特异性,为肝癌的临床诊断及导向治疗奠定了基础．     

全人源抗结肠癌噬菌体单链抗体库的构建及筛选鉴定

采用体外致敏法和EBV转化技术联合噬菌体展示技术构建噬菌体呈现型单链抗体库.从中筛选获得阳性克隆,并进行ELISA、免疫组化及测序鉴定.结果得到了库容为4.0×109的初级噬菌体抗体库,全长ScFv(Single-chain Fv)基因的插入率为90%.筛选获得两个克隆对HT-29呈强阳性反应,而与HFF等人正常细胞系呈弱阳性或阴性反应.免疫组织化学鉴定表明克隆F12与结肠癌组织和结肠癌旁组织阳性率的差别有统计学意义.由上述结果可见构建库容量达4.0×109的全人源抗结肠癌噬菌体单链抗体库是完全可行的,经筛选及鉴定获得了特异性较强的噬菌体克隆,为结肠癌的临床导向诊断和治疗奠定了基础.     

噬菌体抗体库的构建及抗乳腺癌细胞单链抗体的筛选

构建抗人乳腺癌细胞MCF 7的噬菌体单链抗体库 ,从中筛选MCF 7细胞特异性单链抗体。用MCF-7细胞免疫BALB C小鼠 ,取脾脏 ,提取总RNA ,用RT-PCR技术扩增小鼠抗体重链 (V_H)和轻链 (V_L)可变区基因 ,经重叠PCR(SOE-PCR) ,在体外将V_H和V_{L连接成单链抗体 (scFv)基因 ,并克隆到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中 ,电转化至大肠杆菌TG1,经辅助噬菌体超感染 ,构建噬菌体单链抗体库。从该抗体库中筛选特异性识别MCF-7细胞的噬菌体单链抗体 ,将表面展示单链抗体的单克隆噬菌体转化大肠杆菌TOP10进行可溶性表达。成功地构建了库容为12×10⁶ 的抗MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的单链抗体库 ,初步筛选到了与MCF 7细胞特异性结合的scFv,Westernblot检测表明 ,在大肠杆菌TOP10中实现了单链抗体可溶性表达}     

噬菌体抗体库技术

噬菌体抗体库技术用ＰＣＲ扩增出抗体的全套可变区基因,通过噬菌体表面表达技术,把Ｆａｂ段或单链抗体表达在噬菌体表面,经过“吸附－洗脱－扩增”过程筛选并富集特异性抗体。     

抗EGFRvIII噬菌体抗体库的构建和筛选

目的：应用噬菌体展示技术筛选针对表皮生长因子受体突变体Ш (epidermal growth factor receptor variant type Ⅲ, EGFRvIII)的单链抗体 (single chain Fv, scFv)。方法：利用原核表达纯化的人EGFRvIIIex蛋白和高表达EGFRvIIIex的小鼠成纤维细胞系NIH3T3免疫小鼠,扩增VH和VL片段并拼装成scFv 基因,连接至噬菌粒pCANTAB 5E,电击转化Hpd3cells,构建噬菌体单链抗体库,并进行3轮富集筛选。在第4轮筛选时,采用了降低抗原浓度的方法。然后将筛选得到的阳性克隆测序分析,转化E.coli HB2151,IPTG 诱导可溶性scFv 的表达。结果：构建了库容为7.9×107 的噬菌体单链抗体库。经过第4轮低浓度抗原筛选,得到了较高亲和力的克隆。取单个阳性克隆测序分析结果表明,该抗EGFRvIII scFv 基因序列长807 bp,编码268个氨基酸。IPTG诱导后表达的可溶性scFv 可分别与纯化的EGFRvIIIex抗原以及细胞表面的EGFRvIIIex结合。结论：利用噬菌体抗体库筛选得到了高亲和力的抗EGFRvIII scFv,为开发针对EGFRvIII的抗体药物提供了靶向载体分子。     

应用噬菌体抗体库技术制备特异抗人纤维蛋白鼠单链抗体

应用Pharmacia公司的重组噬菌体抗体系统,从经过人交联纤维蛋白特异抗原D二聚体(DD)免疫过的鼠脾细胞mRNA中构建出组合单链抗体(ScFv)cDNA文库。文库cDNA克隆到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E,转化大肠杆菌TG1,得到2.5×10~5个氨苄抗性菌落。通过噬菌体表面呈现,用DD对表达的重组噬菌体单链抗体文库进行三轮亲和富集获得一株特异抗DD的噬菌体单链抗体(ScFvA11)。经Phage-ELISA鉴定,呈现在噬菌体表面的ScFvA11与DD结合的ELISA阳性滴度小于10~7tfu/ml,而与人纤维蛋白原结合的ELISA滴度大于10~(10)tfu/ml,两者相差1000倍以上。表明ScFvA11具有较好的DD结合特异性。经序列分析,ScFvA11cDNA全长729bp,其中Vh基因354bp,编码118个氨基酸;Vl基因327bp,编码108个氨基酸;Vh与Vl之间为(Gly_4Ser)_315个氨基酸连接肽。     

抗EGFRvⅢ噬菌体抗体库的构建和筛选

目的:应用噬菌体展示技术筛选针对表皮生长因子受体突变体Ш(epidermal growth factorreceptor variant typeⅢ,EGFRvIII)的单链抗体(single chain Fv,scFv)。方法:利用原核表达纯化的人EGFRvIIIex蛋白和高表达EGFRvIIIex的小鼠成纤维细胞系NIH3T3免疫小鼠,扩增VH和VL片段并拼装成scFv基因,连接至噬菌粒pCANTAB5E,电击转化Hpd3cells,构建噬菌体单链抗体库,并进行3轮富集筛选。在第4轮筛选时,采用了降低抗原浓度的方法。然后将筛选得到的阳性克隆测序分析,转化E.coliHB2151,IPTG诱导可溶性scFv的表达。结果:构建了库容为7.9×107的噬菌体单链抗体库。经过第4轮低浓度抗原筛选,得到了较高亲和力的克隆。取单个阳性克隆测序分析结果表明,该抗EGFRvIII scFv基因序列长807bp,编码268个氨基酸。IPTG诱导后表达的可溶性scFv可分别与纯化的EGFRvⅢex抗原以及细胞表面的EGFRvⅢex结合。结论:利用噬菌体抗体库筛选得到了高亲和力的抗EGFRvⅢ scFv,为开发针对EGFRvⅢ...     

噬菌体抗体库的优化

噬菌体抗体组合文库技术作为噬菌体展示和抗体组合文库两种技术的集成,由于它具有库容量大、特异性高、和敏感性强的优点而被誉为抗体技术的第三次革命。但是由于一些技术上的原因,使得它无法得到广泛的应用,本文就其优化进行综述。     

Construction of a large synthetic human scFv library with six diversified CDRs and high functional diversity

Antibody phage display provides a powerful and efficient tool for the discovery and development of monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic and other applications. Antibody clones from synthetic libraries with optimized design features have several distinct advantages that include high stability, high levels of expression, and ease of downstream optimization and engineering. In this study, a fully synthetic human scFv library with six diversified CDRs was constructed by polymerase chain reaction assembly of overlapping oligonucleotides. In order to maximize the functional diversity of the library, a β-lactamase selection strategy was employed in which the assembled scFv gene repertoire was fused to the 5′-end of the β-lactamase gene, and in-frame scFv clones were enriched by carbenicillin selection. A final library with an estimated total diversity of 7.6 × 10⁹, greater than 70% functional diversity, and diversification of all six CDRs was obtained after insertion of fully randomized CDR-H3 sequences into this proofread repertoire. The performance of the library was validated using a number of target antigens, against which multiple unique scFv sequences with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range were isolated.     

Antibodies against non-immunizing antigens derived from a large immune scFv library

Target-specific antibodies can be rapidly enriched and identified from an antibody library using phage display. Large, naïve antibody libraries derived from synthetic or unimmunized sources can yield antibodies against virtually any antigen, whereas libraries from immunized sources tend to be smaller and are used exclusively against the antigen of immunization. In this study, 25 scFv libraries made from the spleens of immunized rabbits, each with a size ranging from 10⁸ to higher than 10⁹, were combined into a single large library with > 10¹⁰ individual clones. Panning of this combined library yielded target-specific rabbit scFv clones against many non-immunizing antigens, including proteins, peptides, and a small molecule. Notably, specific scFv clones against a rabbit self-antigen (rabbit serum albumin) and a phosphorylated protein (epidermal growth factor receptor pTyr1173) could be isolated from the library. These results suggest that the immune library contained a significant number of unimmunized clones and that a sufficiently large immune library can be utilized similarly to a naïe library, i.e., against various non-immunizing antigens to yield specific antibodies.     

噬菌体抗体库筛选技术

噬菌体展示技术（Ｐｈａｇｅ Ｄｉｓｐｌａｙ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ）为制备高亲和性抗体提供了有力的工具。噬菌体抗体库的筛选是其中关键的环节,为了提高筛选效率,用包被在固体表面的抗原进行筛选的传统方法不断地被改进,如宿主菌直接洗脱和双层膜筛选系统和抗抗体替代抗原筛选系统。将噬菌体感染宿主菌的过程与筛选过程相关联,产生了选择性感染筛选系统。     

鼠源性人乳腺癌单链抗体库的构建与乳腺癌相关抗体的筛选

目的:获得乳腺癌的噬菌体呈现型单链抗体(scFv)库,筛选与乳腺癌细胞特异结合的抗体,为乳腺癌的诊断和治疗奠定基础。方法:用乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、T47D、MDA-MB-435免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾脏提取总RNA,用RT-PCR分别扩增抗体重、轻链可变区(VH和VL)基因,经Linker连接形成scFv基因片段。将scFv基因片段与噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E的连接产物转化大肠杆菌TG1。用辅助噬菌体M13KO7进行超感染,获得重组噬菌体抗体。选用乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和人正常肝细胞系HL02做正负差异的筛选细胞,通过5轮筛选,随机挑取克隆,经phage-ELISA筛选特异性结合MCF-7细胞的scFv。结果:构建了1个库容为1.3×106的单链抗体库。筛选到2株与MCF-7细胞有较高结合活性的噬菌体-单链抗体scFv-873和scFv-874。数据库搜索表明这2株单链抗体基因是与以往抗体序列不同的新基因。用Westernblot检测了这2株单链抗体在琥珀密码子非抑制型菌株TOP10中的表达情况。结论:筛选到2个与乳腺癌细胞结合特异性较好的单链抗体,为乳腺癌的诊断和治疗研究奠定了基础。     

Selection and characterization of high affinity VEGFR1 antibodies from a novel human binary code scFv phage library

VEGFR1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. It is upregulated in angiogenic endothelial cells and expressed on human tumor cells as well. VEGFR1 positive hematopoietic progenitor cells home to sites of distant metastases prior to the arrival of the tumor cells thus establishing a pre-metastatic niche. To discover high affinity human antibodies selective for VEGFR1 molecular imaging or for molecularly targeted therapy, a novel phage display scFv library was assembled and characterized. The library was constructed from the humanized 4D5 framework that was mostly comprised tyrosine and serine residues in four complimentarity determining regions (CDRs). The library produced diverse and functional antibodies against a panel of proteins, some of which are of biomedical interest including, CD44, VEGFA, and VEGFR1. After panning, these antibodies had affinity strong enough for molecular imaging or targeted drug delivery without the need for affinity maturation. One of the anti-VEGFR1 scFvs recognized its cognate receptor and was selective for the VEGFR1.     

Large scale production of phage antibody libraries using a bioreactor

One of the limitations of the use of phage antibody libraries in high throughput selections is the production of sufficient phage antibody library at the appropriate quality. Here, we successfully adapt a bioreactor-based protocol for the production of phage peptide libraries to the production of phage antibody libraries. The titers obtained in the stirred-tank bioreactor are 4 to 5 times higher than in a standard shake flask procedure, and the quality of the phage antibody library produced is indistinguishable to that produced using standard procedures as assessed by Western blotting and functional selections. Availability of this protocol will facilitate the use of phage antibody libraries in high-throughput scale selections.     

Large scale production of phage antibody libraries using a bioreactor

One of the limitations of the use of phage antibody libraries in high throughput selections is the production of sufficient phage antibody library at the appropriate quality. Here, we successfully adapt a bioreactor-based protocol for the production of phage peptide libraries to the production of phage antibody libraries. The titers obtained in the stirred-tank bioreactor are 4 to 5 times higher than in a standard shake flask procedure, and the quality of the phage antibody library produced is indistinguishable to that produced using standard procedures as assessed by Western blotting and functional selections. Availability of this protocol will facilitate the use of phage antibody libraries in high-throughput scale selections.     

基因工程抗体中噬菌体抗体库技术的应用

通过基因工程可以大规模地制备能与人相容的单克隆抗体或片段。其中,噬菌体抗体抗库技术可以模拟体内抗体产生和成熟过程,不经细胞杂交,甚至不经免疫制备针对任何抗原的单克隆抗体。就基因工程抗体及噬菌抗体库技术的发展与应用作一概述 。     

An efficient method for variable region assembly in the construction of scFv phage display libraries using independent strand amplification

Phage display library technology is a common method to produce human antibodies. In this technique, the immunoglobulin variable regions are displayed in a bacteriophage in a way that each filamentous virus displays the product of a single antibody gene on its surface. From the collection of different phages, it is possible to isolate the virus that recognizes specific targets. The most common form in which to display antibody variable regions in the phage is the single chain variable fragment format (scFv), which requires assembly of the heavy and light immunoglobulin variable regions in a single gene.

In this work, we describe a simple and efficient method for the assembly of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions in a scFv format. This procedure involves a two-step reaction: (1) DNA amplification to produce the single strand form of the heavy or light chain gene required for the fusion; and (2) mixture of both single strand products followed by an assembly reaction to construct a complete scFv gene. Using this method, we produced 6-fold more scFv encoding DNA than the commonly used splicing by overlap extension PCR (SOE-PCR) approach. The scFv gene produced by this method also proved to be efficient in generating a diverse scFv phage display library. From this scFv library, we obtained phages that bound several non-related antigens, including recombinant proteins and rotavirus particles.     

An efficient method for variable region assembly in the construction of scFv phage display libraries using independent strand amplification

Phage display library technology is a common method to produce human antibodies. In this technique, the immunoglobulin variable regions are displayed in a bacteriophage in a way that each filamentous virus displays the product of a single antibody gene on its surface. From the collection of different phages, it is possible to isolate the virus that recognizes specific targets. The most common form in which to display antibody variable regions in the phage is the single chain variable fragment format (scFv), which requires assembly of the heavy and light immunoglobulin variable regions in a single gene. In this work, we describe a simple and efficient method for the assembly of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions in a scFv format. This procedure involves a two-step reaction: (1) DNA amplification to produce the single strand form of the heavy or light chain gene required for the fusion; and (2) mixture of both single strand products followed by an assembly reaction to construct a complete scFv gene. Using this method, we produced 6-fold more scFv encoding DNA than the commonly used splicing by overlap extension PCR (SOE-PCR) approach. The scFv gene produced by this method also proved to be efficient in generating a diverse scFv phage display library. From this scFv library, we obtained phages that bound several non-related antigens, including recombinant proteins and rotavirus particles.