三江地区妊娠妇女风疹病毒感染的血清学分析

目的调查2005年三江地区妊娠妇女风疹病毒感染情况。方法收集400例妊娠8～24周孕妇血清,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测风疹特异性IgM抗体,对IgM阳性患者进一步用PCR检测风疹病毒RNA,对该人群的风疹病毒感染率进行调查。结果检测400例孕妇风疹病毒IgM,阳性20例,阳性率为5．00％;检测IgM阳性者的风疹病毒RNA,结果阳性8例,占IgM阳性者的40．00％。结论用ELISA和PCR法进行妊娠早期风疹病毒感染的检测,对降低先天性风疹综合征患儿的出现具有重要意义。     

风疹减毒活疫苗主种子批毒种(松叶株)的安全性和免疫原性检测

评价兰州生物制品研究所用风疹病毒松叶株主种子批毒种制备的冻干风疹减毒活疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。采用自身对照、开放性的免疫原性临床观察试验,对100名8～10月龄筛选后符合条件的健康易感儿童,皮下接种1剂风疹减毒活疫苗,观察其免疫后的局部和全身反应并采集每个受试者免前和免后35d的血清标本,检测风疹HI抗体,计算阳转率和几何平均滴度。试验中所有受试者在系统观察期内均未观察到注射部位局部的不良反应;总的发热率为5%,且均为轻度发热;有1例在观察期内出现腹泻和咳嗽并持续5d,发生率为1%,属中度全身反应;血清风疹病毒抗体(HI)阳转率为100%,GMT为1:638.7±1.7。该疫苗与国内、外其它种类的风疹疫苗一样具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。     

用细胞培养的流行性乙型脑炎病毒抗原做ELISA检测特异的IgG抗体

用C6/36细胞增殖流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)病毒制备抗原,用ELISA法检测乙脑IgG抗体,可获得满意结果。用此法检测了河南,海南地区不同年龄人群的253份血清标本,阳性检出率为55.6％(141/253)。与血凝抑制法(HI)相比较,HI的阳性率仅37.1％(93/253)。两种方法的抗体滴度呈正相关r=0.88。用ELISA检测,乙脑抗体与登革病毒抗原有一定交叉,但滴度平均有16倍差异。本方法重复性良好,具有特异、敏感、简便的特点。可用于乙脑的诊断、流行病学调查和疫苗效果的考核。     

2016年吉林省健康从业人员麻疹和风疹抗体水平调查分析

目的调查分析吉林省2016年健康从业人员的麻疹(measles)和风疹(rubella)的抗体水平。方法采用方便抽样的方法,采集吉林省2016年各地区18岁及以上健康从业人员1 419人的血清,检测其麻疹和风疹的IgG抗体,进行描述性分析。结果 2016年吉林省健康从业人员麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为91.26%,风疹IgG抗体阳性率为81.46%。麻疹和风疹报告病例的时间分布,主要流行季节均在春季。吉林省8个地市麻疹IgG抗体阳性率在82.00%～98.00%之间,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=35.59,P<0.05);风疹IgG抗体阳性率在63.75%～86.24%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=37.49,P<0.05)。男性与女性麻疹IgG抗体阳性率分别为92.64%和90.70%,性别差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.38、P=1.42,P>0.05);男性与女性的风疹IgG抗体阳性率分别为82.84%和80.91%,性别差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.72,P=0.22,P>0.05)。各年龄组麻疹IgG抗体阳性率在88.73%～100.00%之间,年龄差异无统计学意义(χ~2=7.11、P=0.21,P>0.05);风疹IgG抗体阳性率在75.00%～88.89%之间,年龄差异无统计学意义(χ~2=11.24、P=0.47,P>0.05)。结论 2016年吉林省健康从业人员麻疹和风疹的IgG抗体阳性率未达到可形成免疫屏障的水平,建议对该人群开展麻疹和风疹疫苗加强免疫。     

潍坊市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平调查

目的了解潍坊市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎血清抗体水平,为消除麻疹、控制风疹及腮腺炎疫情提供依据。方法 2011年8月,采集昌乐、潍城2个县区<2、2～5、5～8、8～11、11～15、15～20、20～40、>40岁健康人群血标本,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎IgG抗体。结果检测总数320人,其中昌乐县健康人群的麻疹抗体阳性率为98.75%、潍城为96.25%;风疹抗体阳性率昌乐县健康人群为89.38%、潍城区为91.88%。昌乐、潍城两地区健康人群麻疹、风疹的抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.15、0.59,P>0.05);昌乐县健康人群腮腺炎抗体阳性率为84.38%、潍城区健康人群为66.25%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.14,P<0.01);8组不同年龄健康人群的麻疹抗体阳性率为92.50%～100%,风疹抗体阳性率为87.50%～92.50%,腮腺炎抗体阳性率为67.50%～85.00%,各年龄组间均无统计学意义(χ2=13.49、1.58、5.23,P>0.05)。结论潍坊市麻疹抗体阳性率较高,风疹、腮腺炎抗体阳性率相对偏低,今后须要积极开展学龄儿童麻腮风三联疫苗的查漏补种工作。     

2020年广州市荔湾区健康人群麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测分析

目的了解广州市荔湾区2020年健康人群的麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平,为本地制定免疫规划策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法确定被调查对象,采集血液标本共238份,进行麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测并进行分析。结果 ELISA检测血清样本共238份,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率分别为97.06%、92.02%和79.41%,抗体几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentration, GMC)分别为1 204.65、43.38和290.38 mIU/mL。男女性别比为1.02∶1,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2～4岁组麻疹IgG阳性率最低,不同年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.158,P0.05);0～1岁组的风疹IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=36.980,P0.05);0～1岁组水痘IgG抗体阳性率非常低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=30.832,P0.05)。接种麻疹疫苗≥2剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率为95.10%,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.448,P0.05);接种风疹疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.020,P0.05);接种水痘减毒活疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,接种2剂次的阳性率最高,不同免疫史差异有统计学意义(P=0.010,P0.05)。结论本区麻疹、风疹IgG抗体均维持在较高水平并有所提高;水痘IgG抗体水平较低,存在暴发、流行的可能。应加强麻疹、风疹免疫接种和查漏补种工作;有针对性地宣传水痘减毒活疫苗并推广接种;还须积极开展麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平监测。     

用抗人IgM（μ链）单克隆抗体早期诊断风疹病毒感染

风疹病毒（Rubellavirus）感染引起风疹,该病一般症状较轻,有的甚至不出现明显症状,预后良好。但孕妇受感后,病毒可经血液通过胎盘感染胎儿,除引起流产、早产或死股外,活产者大约有20％表现先天性风疹综合症,导致先天畸形［IJ。因此,对风疹病毒感染的早期诊断与优生优育、提高出生人口素质有极为重要的关系。本研究用抗人IgM（u链）单克隆抗体（MCAb）作标记抗体,采用间接ELISA检测血清中抗风疹病毒特异性IgM抗体,进行早期诊断,结果报道如下。材料与方法1病毒抗原将风疹病毒（GtXi株）接种到BHKl细胞,按文献（则制备粗…     

上海市人群Echo30病毒性脑膜炎隐性感染调查

为了了解上海市不同年龄组人群的Echo30病毒隐性感染情况及IgG抗体阳性率分布。采集上海市412份不同年龄组人群血清,用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中的Echo30IgG抗体。发现受检普通人群血清中Echo30IgG抗体阳性率为25.8%。其中1岁以下婴幼儿中未见抗体阳性者,15岁以下儿童抗体阳性率较低(10%～16.7%),15岁以上人群抗体阳性率水平明显升高(45.0%～46.7%)。孕妇与普通人群抗体阳性率无显著性差异。研究结果提示上海市人群中存在隐性感染者,人群通过自然感染获得免疫保护,15岁以下儿童为Echo30感染及发病的高危人群,母体传递给婴幼儿的抗体水平较低,不能为婴幼儿提供先天性免疫保护。     

斑点ELISA法检测幽门螺旋菌感染的研究

用幽门螺旋菌(HP)的超声粉碎物为抗原,建立了斑点ELISA法检测人血清中抗HP—IgG方法。该法敏感性为94.4％,特异性为87.5％,阳性预测值为97.1％,阴性预测值为77.8％。对271例儿童抗HP抗体调查,发现HP感染与儿童性别无关(P>0.05)。1月以内新生儿抗体检出率59.4％,1～12月婴儿抗体检出率最低(29.1％),1岁后开始逐渐上升,2岁后即可达到50％以上,接近成年人水平。结果表明,我国HP感染年龄早,感染率高。     

用转染EB病毒基因片段的真核细胞检测鼻咽癌病人的抗EB病毒核抗原-1(EBNA-1)抗体

用转染EBV DNA Bam HI K片段后稳定表达EBNA-1的K_4细胞作为靶细胞,检测50份鼻咽癌病人和38份健康对照者血清中的IgG/EBNA-1抗体;阳性率分别为100％和92％。前者的平均几何滴度为89.4,后者为18.3,前者约为后者的5倍。同一批被检血清经SPA吸收去除IgG竞争性抑制后,鼻咽癌病人的IgA/EBNA-1抗体阳性率达78％(GMT 20.9),健康人的IgA/EBNA-1抗体阳性率仅5.3％,效价亦很低(GMT 5.2)。表明IgA/EBNA-1抗体对鼻咽癌是比较特异的,可考虑作为鼻咽癌血清学诊断的指标之一。     

Single-serum diagnosis of recent rubella infection with the use of hemagglutination inhibition test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays

Single-serum diagnosis of recent rubella infection was attempted with the use of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The period during which IgM antibody was detectable by IgM capture ELISA was 4 to 30 days after the onset of rash. Rubella IgG ELISA values relative to HI titer were lower in the sera from the patients with recent infection than in the sera from the subjects with remote infection. IgM ELISA and the combined use of IgG ELISA and HI test are two useful methods of single-serum diagnosis of recent rubella infection.     

测定呼吸道合胞病毒抗体方法敏感性的比较

用ELISA、间接免疫荧光和中和试验三种方法测定兔免疫血清的呼吸道合胞病毒抗体。结果中和试验测定的免疫血清几何平均抗体滴度为1:32;间接免疫荧光试验为1:508,比中和试验高16倍;ELISA测得的抗体滴度1:4,000～1:5,000,为中和试验的125～156倍。以ELISA敏感性最高,间接免疫荧光试验次之,中和试验景差。     

Modified Hemagglutination-Inhibition Test for Rubella Employing Human Group O Erythrocytes

A hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for rubella is described which utilizes human group O, rather than 1-day-old chick, erythrocytes. The test was found to be as sensitive and reproducible for detection of rubella antibody as HI tests employing chick erythrocytes. Advantages to the use of human erythrocytes are (i) they are more available, (ii) it is unnecessary to absorb natural agglutinins from human test sera, and (iii) heparin-MnCl₂-treated sera do not agglutinate human erythrocytes, as is sometimes the case with chick erythrocytes. Factors influencing the reliability of the test are discussed.     

国产腮腺炎和进口麻风腮疫苗免后腮腺炎HI抗体比较

报道了用国产流行腮腺炎减毒活疫苗和美国产麻－风－腮减毒活疫苗接种８～９岁小学生后,采血进行ＨＩ抗体测定比较,其抗体阳转率均在８０％左右,ＧＭＴ为７．３５～１０．０３,说明两种疫苗均有较好的免疫应答     

A shortened dengue IgM capture ELISA using simultaneous incubation of antigen and peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody

A shortened IgM capture ELISA for the detection of dengue IgM antibodies using simultaneous incubation of antigen and peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody was described. The shortened two-step assay was compared with the four-step IgM capture ELISA on sera from dengue patients confirmed by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. When paired acute and convalescent sera were tested, the shortened ELISA showed 100% agreement with HI results. It detected dengue IgM antibodies in the acute sera of 66% of patients with a primary dengue infection, 60% of patients with a secondary infection, and 98% of patients with a presumptive secondary infection. When the results of 151 dengue patients were combined, 75% of the acute sera were positive by the shortened IgM capture ELISA.     

Loss of Rubella Antibody from Immune Globulin Treated with Kaolin

Sera and immune globulin (IG) preparations are customarily treated with kaolin before titration of their rubella hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody in order to rid them of nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutination. The treatment was shown in this investigation to have no adverse effect on the antibody level of the sera but was found to remove considerable amounts of gamma-globulin from IG preparations. Evidence of this removal was obtained by serological tests, by spectrophotometric determination of protein concentration and by disc electrophoresis. In contrast to kaolin, heparin-manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) treatment of IG preparations had essentially no effect on the level of antibody globulin by all the criteria used. Heparin-MnCl(2)-treated IG lots were in these respects similar, if not identical, to their untreated counterparts. Since nonspecific inhibitors associated with the beta-lipoprotein fraction of serum are removed by the method employed to fractionate the IG samples, it seems unnecessary to treat the latter in any way for the HI test. No difficulty was encountered in this investigation with several untreated IG lots.     

Microtiter Tests for Detecting Antibody in Bovine Serum to Parainfluenza 3 Virus, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus, and Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus

Microneutralization tests for detection of antibody in bovine serum to three bovine viruses are described. The Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line was used with parainfluenza 3 virus (PI 3), whereas serially cultivated bovine embryonic kidney cells were used for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine virus diarrhea virus. Comparison of micro-hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) with micro-serum-neutralization (SN) tests for PI 3 showed the SN test to be more sensitive, more specific, and therefore more useful than the HI test for detecting antibody. Although the effect of trypsin-periodate treatment of serum was to reduce the HI titer of numerous sera by a twofold dilution, sufficient evidence could not be found to indicate that nonspecific HI inhibitors to PI 3 are present in bovine sera.     

Rubella haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies in females of child-bearing age in western Nigeria

Hitherto, epidemiological surveys of viral disease in Nigeria had been concentrated mostly on arboviral infections. This could be due to prevalence of the arthropod vectors responsible for the arboviral infections in this country. Recently, however, the Departments of Paediatrics and Ophthalmology of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, reported an alarming number of cases of congenital heart defects and cataracts in some infants in the wards. The clinical histories of these cases seemed to incriminate congenital rubella infection. A serological survey of females of child-bearing age was carried out the detection of antibodies to rubella virus using the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. The results showed that over 70% of the sera tested were positive for rubella HI antibody.