杂交稻核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶的动力学性质

在ｐＨ８．０和３０Ｃ的条件下测定了杂交稻ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的动力学常数,纯化酶测定值与粗酶快速测定值无明显差异。１２种不同组合的三系杂交稻其ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶动力学常数差不大,Ｋｍ（ＣＯ２）和Ｔｍａｘ的平均值与普通栽培品种也无显著差异。杂交稻汕优６３号ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的动力学常数和酶蛋白含量与父本恢复系相类似,枰本不育系的Ｔｍａｘ和酶蛋白含量均较高。     

河西走廊芦苇在不同盐渍生境中RuBP羧化酶的比较研究

对不同盐渍生境中芦苇的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶结构的研究表明,不同类型芦苇的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶大、小亚基分子量相同,但盐化草甸芦苇和过渡地带芦苇与沼泽芦苇相比,ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的亲水氨基酸相对含量增加,疏水氨基酸相对含量降低,酶分子被ＰＣＭＢ滴定的ＳＨ基数亦显著减少．表明芦苇的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶结构发生了变化,反映出该酶有基因表达的环境适应．     

水稻叶片生育过程中RubisCO活性与光合、光呼吸的关系

水稻生育过程中,ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性与光合速率、ＲｕＢＰ加氧酶活性与光呼吸速率、ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性与加氢酶活性以及光合速率与光呼吸速率之间是相关的。籼型品种与粳型品种间酶活性的高低及光合、光呼吸速率的高低基本一致,籼型三系杂交稻（Ｆ１）无明显的光合优势。酶的羧化活性的高低只在一定范围内与光合速率的高低平行。在正常生育条件下,酶蛋白的数量不是水稻光合速率的限制因子。     

光和暗条件培养的眼虫藻内RuBP羧化酶的免疫定位

应用免疫金标记技术证明,在眼虫藻和其它藻类中ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶主要分布在蛋白核部位,这与高等植物中ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶分布不同,在眼虫藻叶绿体间质中有少量ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶存在,这与高等植物中ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶的分布也有相似之处。暗中培养的眼虫藻不能形成类囊体,无ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶,无光合能力,只能进行异养代谢。     

杂种小麦及亲本旗叶老化过程中RubisCO特性的研究

小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）旗叶的ＲｕＢＰｃａｓｅ活性、含量及ＲｕＢＰｏａｓｅ活性在旗叶全展或全展后１０ｄ达最大值,以后逐渐下降。与亲本相比,供试杂种小麦“麦优４号”在旗叶一生中尤其老化后期上述参数皆表现明显的杂种优势。旗叶ＲｕＢＰｃａｓｅ比活性在叶绿素缓降期保持平稳,在叶绿素速降期逐渐下降。供试杂种小麦较亲本具有较高的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶和加氧酶活性,表明杂种小麦不仅具有较强的光合羧化作用,而且叶片光合作用过程中的光呼吸也较强。结果与旗叶ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ亲合ＣＯ２和Ｏ２的动力学常数的测定结果相符。     

水稻叶片生育过程中RubisCO活性与光合,光呼吸的关系

水稻生育过程中，ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性与光合速率，ＲｕＢＰ加氧酶活性与光呼吸速率、ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性与加氧酶活性以及光合速率与光呼吸速率之间是相关的。籼型品种与粳型品种间酶活性的高低及光合、光呼吸速率的高低基本一致，籼型三系杂交稻无明显的光合优势。酶的羧化活性搞低只在一定范围内与光合速率的高低平行，在正常生育条件下，酶蛋白的数量不是水稻光合速率的限制因子。     

Rht3基因及带有Rht3基因的4B染色体对普通小麦光合碳同化特性的影响

本文系统地研究了带有Ｒｈｔ３基因的４Ｂ染色体二体（宁矮１号）、单体（宁矮１号Ｍ４Ｂ）、缺体（宁矮１号Ｎ４Ｂ）材料的光合特性,发现带有Ｒｈｔ３基因的４Ｂ染色体对光合速率、叶绿素含量、ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶含量及活性、叶片导度均有正效应,并有累加作用,而且对叶绿素含量缓降期和光合速率高值持续期也有正效应,因此带有Ｒｈｔ３基因的４Ｂ染色体具有促进光合作用的效应。对具有不同Ｒｈｔ３基因剂量的矮秆系（宁矮１号,即苏麦３号的Ｒｈｔ３矮秆等基因系）、半矮秆系（ＭＤ苏麦３号）及其苏麦３号的光合碳同化特性的研究,发现Ｒｈｔ３基因对光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶片导度具有正效应,但对于ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶含量和活性、叶绿素含量缓降期、光合速率高值持续期有负效应。     

表油菜素内酯对黄瓜子叶过氧化物酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量的影响

０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的表油菜素内酯（ｅｐｉ－ＢＲ）能显著地促进黄瓜子叶叶绿素ａ、叶绿素ｂ的含量和叶绿素ａ／叶绿素ｂ比值的下降,表明ｅｎｉ－ＢＲ能促进子叶的衰老。从过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）的活性测定及同工酶谱发现ｅｐｉ－ＢＲ可提高其活性,暗示它可能通过提高子叶ＰＯＤ的活性而加速子叶叶绿素的降解。另一方面,ｅｐｉ－ＢＲ促进子时可溶性蛋白含量的下降,其中主要是ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶含量的下降,同时,ｅｐｉ－ＢＲ引起子叶游离氨基酸的累积。     

光抑制条件下水稻籼粳亚种及其正反交F_1杂种的PSⅡ光化学效率和CO_2交换特点

测定了水稻（ＯｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａＬ．）不同正反交组合的ＰＳⅡ电子传递活性、Ｄ１蛋白量、叶绿素ａ荧光、净光合速率（ＰＮ）、光呼吸速率（ＰＲ）、ＲｕＢＰＣａｓｅ／Ｏａｓｅ活性,并对ＲｕＢＰＣａｓｅ进行了动力学分析。结果表明：光抑制条件下粳（ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）亚种中Ｄ１蛋白净降解少,ＰＳⅡ电子传递活性和光化学效率高,表现耐光抑制,而籼（ｉｎｄｉｃａ）亚种则相反,籼、粳正反交Ｆ１的上述指标介于双亲值之间且偏向其母本。进一步观察它们的ＣＯ２交换特点,所有基因型水稻ＰＲ保持稳定、ＰＮ降低,因而ＰＲ／ＰＮ增加。与耐光抑制的粳亚种相比,对光抑制敏感的籼亚种中ＰＮ降低较多、ＰＲ／ＰＮ增加较多。正反交Ｆ１杂种的ＰＲ／ＰＮ介于双亲值之间且偏向其母本。ＣＯ２交换的关键酶ＲｕＢＰＣａｓｅ／Ｏａｓｅ活性和ＲｕＢＰＣａｓｅ动力学参数没有变化且在基因型间无差异。相关分析表明,Ｄ１蛋白量与Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ、ＰＲ／ＰＮ的相关系数分别为０．９５０１和－０．９７６８。看来,质基因编码的Ｄ１蛋白是籼粳杂种稻光抑制特性及其生理遗传的分子基础。     

气相色谱法测定RuBp羧化酶活性的研究

ＲｕＢｐ羧化酶作用后反应体系中能为加入的ＨＣｌ释放出的剩余,作为ＲｕＢｐ羧化酶活性指示。所释放的ＣＯ＿２以气相色谱法检测,用黄瓜叶片中ＲｕＢｐ羧化酶的反应时间曲线和酶量曲线验征,并与现行的分光光度,￣（１４）Ｃ标记测试方法比较分析,认为本方法具有应用简便、快速、准确、重复性好等优点。所以,可被认为是一种有效的测定ＲｕＢｐ羧化酶活性的方法。     

小鼠胸腺上皮细胞系MTEC1产生30kD的MCP-1类趋化因子

髓质型小鼠胸腺上皮细胞系MTEC1自发分泌趋化因子(Chemokines),细胞培养上清先经CPG珠(Controlled-pore glass beads)初步浓缩纯化,再依次经肝素-Sepharose柱亲和层析、阳离子交换FPLC及RP-HPLC分离纯化,得到了一个30kD的蛋白质分子,对淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞均有趋化活性。此蛋白分子N端封闭,因而先经甲酸水解得到蛋白片段,分析了其中24个氨基酸的序列,发现其与小鼠MCP-1/JE(Monocyte Chemoattractant Pro-tein-1)完全相同。以上结果说明,MTEC1产生的是mMCP-1/JE类趋化因子。     

Chemical conversion of aflatoxin B1 to M1

Aflatoxin M1, a potent carcinogenic metabolite of aflatoxin B1, was synthesized in four steps, from aflatoxin B1. This reaction is of value because it yields larger quantities of this otherwise difficult to obtain compound for chemical studies and toxicological evaluation.     

细胞质内微环境直接影响FGFR1酪氨酸激酶介导的SNT1细胞特异性磷酸化

成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)介导的SNT1(亦称为FRS2)底物磷酸化具有宿主细胞以及受体特异性。为探明这种宿主细胞特异性的决定因素,我们构建了1个FGFR2Ⅲb/R1嵌合受体。该嵌合受体具有1个FGFR2Ⅲb的胞外片段及1个FGFR1蛋白质酪氨酸激酶片断。当表达在3T3细胞(内源性受体为FGFR1并能强烈响应FGFR1的信号)以及DTE-R1/100细胞时,该嵌合受体能即刻诱导SNT1磷酸化。DTE-R1/100细胞为经长期培养的带有外源性FGFR1的非恶性前列腺肿瘤上皮细胞(DTE)并已获得未转化DTE细胞所不具备的FGFR1信号响应性。与此相反,当表达在非转化DTE细胞或未经长期培养的FGFR1转化细胞(DTE-R1)时,FGFR2Ⅲb/R1嵌合受体则无法诱导SNT1磷酸化。我们曾报导DTE细胞对FGFR1介导的SNT1磷酸化活力及其刺激细胞生长信号的响应性是一种获得性的性质,这种性质的获得与细胞恶化是紧密联系在一起的。在此我们进一步证明FGFR介导的SNT1磷酸化具有宿主细胞特异性。这些结果表明细胞内围绕着激酶的微环境而不是细胞外环境决定了SNT1是否可为FGFR1所磷酸化。而且,长期受外源性FGFR1刺激诱发DTE细胞内微环境的变化,从而使表达在DTE细胞里的FGFR1激酶可强烈地磷酸化SNT1。     

Inhibition of vitamin D metabolism by ethane-1-hydroxyl-1, 1-diphosphonate

The administration of disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (20 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously) to chicks given adequate amounts of vitamin D₃ causes a hypercalcemia, inhibits bone mineralization, and inhibits intestinal calcium transport. The administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, a metabolically active form of vitamin D₃, restores intestinal calcium absorption to normal but does not restore bone mineralization in disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate-treated chicks. In rachitic chicks, the disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate treatment does not further reduce the low intestinal calcium transport values while it nevertheless further reduces bone ash levels and increases serum calcium concentration.These observations prompted a more detailed study of the relationship between disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate treatment and vitamin D metabolism. A study of the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ in an in vitro system employing kidney mitochondria from chicks receiving disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate treatment demonstrates a marked decrease in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ production and a marked increase in the 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ production. In addition, the in vivo metabolism of 25-hydroxy-[26,27-³H]vitamin D₃ in disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate treated chicks supports the in vitro observations. In rachitic chicks the disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate treatment markedly reduces the 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃-1-hydroxylase activity of kidney, but does not increase the 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃-24-hydroxylase.These results provide strong evidence that large doses of disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate produce a marked effect on calcium metabolism via alterations in the metabolism of vitamin D as well as the expected direct effect on the bone.     

人防御素-1(HNP-1)在烟草原生质体中的瞬间表达

原生质体瞬间表达系统一般用于研究特定基因5′和3′端不同序列在相应基因表达中的作用、不同启动子对于特定基因的转录活性及为外源基因最终导入植株摸索实验条件,而将其用于研究动物基因在植物细胞中的表达情况则少见报道。     

Distribution of 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocations in Triticum aestivum using specific PCR

Chromosome arm 1RS of rye (Secale cereale) is a valuable resource for wheat (Triticum aestivum) improvement. 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS translocations play an important role in wheat breeding, since wheat carrying these chromosomal translocations has higher tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, the presence of 1RS and the distribution of 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocations were examined in 66 Iranian cultivars and 70 regional foreign accessions of bread wheat, using three rye-specific primers (“RYER3/F3”, “O-SEC5′-A/O-SEC3′-R”, “PAWS5/S6”). Based on “RyeR3/F3”, the presence of 1RS was verified in 15 (23%) Iranian cultivars and in two (3%) foreign accessions. Further, “O-SEC5′-A/O-SEC3′-R” and “PAWS5/S6” were used to distinguish 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS translocations. According to results from these primers, 1BL.1RS was identified in 14 (21%) Iranian cultivars and two (3%) foreign accessions. The results confirm that “Sholeh” is the only cultivar (1.5%), among all cultivars and accessions, that carries 1AL.1RS. This study provides a useful tool in marker-assisted selection of materials containing 1RS, and in the creation of new Iranian common wheat cultivars with a larger genetic diversity in wheat breeding programs.     

Roots1

ABSTRACT Many unicellular eukaryotic organisms possess complex fiber systems that organize and anchor the flagellar basal apparatus in the cell [20, 24]. In 1978 we first published the observation that one of these fiber systems, the striated flagellar root of the quadriflagellate green alga Tetraselmis subcordiformis (=Platymonas subcordiformis), is a contractile organelle [31]. We subsequently found that striated flagellar roots are composed, in part, of the Ca²⁺-binding protein centrin [30]. Since that time, centrin has been found to be a ubiquitous component of the flagellar basal apparatus, basal bodies and centrioles, and centrosomes and mitotic spindle poles of eukaryotic cells (for general reviews see [28, 34]). While we have learned a great deal about centrin from other organisms, our earliest success in understanding the biology of centrin was in large part due to the extraordinary extent to which Tetraselmis cells have elaborated their centrin-based organelles. In this paper, I will return attention to several unanswered questions concerning Tetraselmis striated flagellar root behavior and I will suggest several new directions that students may wish to pursue in order to tease fresh insights from this fascinating organism.     

人肝细胞癌中抑癌基因PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1的突变分析

PTEN／MMAC1／TEP1(PTEN)是新近分离到的抑癌基因,在多种肿瘤中存在突变。我们检测了34例人肝细胞癌中PTEN基因第5外显子和第8外显子的突变。采用聚合酶链方法以内含子引物扩增第5和第8外显子,继之以单链构象多态性和测序技术分析PTEN基因突变。有4例肝细胞癌SSCP显示异常条带并经测序证实存在突变。2例发生于第4内含子,突变位点相同;另两例发生于第8外显子,其中1例碱基颠换导致PTEN蛋白产物304位半胱氨酸突变为甘氨酸。     

Inhibition of an IUD-induced precocious luteolysis by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in sheep

Fifteen ewes were assigned as they came into estrus to one of three randomized treatment groups: 1. Sham IUD + Vehicle, 2. IUD + Vehicle or 3. IUD + PGE₁ in vehicle. An IUD was inserted adjacent to the luteal-bearing ovary on day 3 postestrus. Prostaglandin E₁ (500 μg) in vehicle (Na₂CO₃) or vehicle was given intrauterine through an indwelling uterine cannula every four hours from day 3 postestrus until ewes returned to estrus. Precocious estrus was induced in both the sham IUD groups receiving vehicle. Prostaglandin E₁ prevented an IUD-induced premature luteolysis based on daily concentrations of progesterone in peripheral blood and the interestrous interval. It is concluded that an IUD-induced premature luteolysis is not necessarily via physical distention by the IUD. It is also concluded that chronic intrauterine infusions of PGE₁ can prevent an IUD-induced premature luteolysis.     

Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) is involved in breast cancer metastasis via transcriptional regulation of MALAT1 and ZEB2

<正>Epigenetics refers to how chromatin-associated factors and reversible chromatin modifications maintain DNA-based programs by regulating the chromatin structure (Strahl and Allis,2000).In recent years,genome sequencing studies of cancer have shown that genes encoding epigenetic factors are commonly mutated in cancer(Garraway and Lander,2013).Dys regulated,or mutant,epigenetic factors influence tumorigenesis progression (Dawson and Kouzarides,