From Food to Fitness

A review of Foraging for Survival: Yearling Baboons in Africa, by Stuart A. Altmann. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998, 608 pp, $70.00, hardbound.     

Book reviews

Reading National Geographic Lutz, Catherine A., and Jane L. Collins. Reading National Geographic. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1993, xvii, 309 pp., illus., 2 appendices, index. Paper, $19.95, hdbk., $59.95.

The Cinema of John Marshall . Edited by Jay Ruby. New York: Harwood Academic Publications, 1992. Photographs. Maps. Charts. Index. 282 pp. Filmography. Index. $58.00 or £30, hardcover; $24.00 or £14, paper.

The Cinematic Griot Stoller, Paul, The Cinematic Griot: the Ethnography of Jean Rouch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. 247 pp., photographs, index. $39.95 hardbound, $16.95 paper.     

Ethnicity,race and class in the United States

Orlando Patterson, Ethnic Chauvinism: The Reactionary Impulse, New York: Stein and Day, 1977, 347 pp., $15.00.

William Julius Wilson, The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1978, xxi + 204 pp. £8.85.     

"…We Have to Work with our own Heads" (/Angn!ao): San Bushmen and the Media

Three views of Hindustan

Pinney, Christopher. Camera Indica, the Social Life of Indian Photographs. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1998. 240 pp., 127 figs., glossary, notes, biblio., index. $55.00 hdbd., $29.00 paperbd.

Wade, Bonnie C. Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1998. lviii+276 pp., VII charts, 21 maps, 166 b‐&;‐w figs., 20 color plates, glossary, bibliography, notes, appendix, indexes. $80.00 or £63.95 hdbd.

The Dictionary of Art, Jane Turner, ed. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.; New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc., 1996. 32,600 pp. in 34 vols., with black‐and‐white and color illus., maps, tables, biblio., index. $8800.00 hdbd.     

Essay review: The history of ecology

Joel B. Hagen,An Entangled Bank: The Origins of ecosystem Ecology (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992); Gregg Mitman,The State of Nature: Ecology, Community, and American Social Thought, 1900–1950 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1992).     

Why do animals move and what does it mean?

Review of On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups edited by Sue Boinski and Paul A. Garber. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2000, xii + 811 pp, 63 fig., 53 tab., $35.     

The textbook

A review of Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales, edited by Janet Mann, Richard C. Connor, Peter L. Tyack, and Hal Whitehead. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000, 433 pp., $80.00, hard bound; $35.00, paperback.     

Neotropical Rainforest Mammals: Still a great guide

Neotropical Rain Forest Mammals: A Field Guide, Second Edition. Text by Louise H. Emmons. Illustrations by Francois Feer. Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1997, xvi + 307 pages, 29 color plates, 7 black-and-white plates, 19 figures, 195 maps, $25.95 (paper), $80.00 (cloth).     

Both chloroplastic and cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinase isozymes are present in the pea leaf nucleus

Summary. Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) occurs in chloroplasts, cytosol, and nuclei in higher plants. Immunocytolocalization experiments with isozyme-specific antibodies indicate that both the chloroplastic and the cytosolic forms of the enzyme are present in the pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaf nucleus.Correspondence and reprints: Department of Biological Sciences m/c 066, University of Illinois–Chicago, 845 West Taylor, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, U.S.A.     

The Ajanta Caves

Picturing Time Braun, Marta, Picturing Time: The Work of Etienne‐Jules Marey (1830–1904). Chicago, IL.: University of Chicago Press, 1992, 72 pp., 270 halftones, 65 line drawings, $65.00 hardbound.

A Bibliography of Ethnographic Film Husmann, Rolf, Ingrid Wellinger, Johannes Rühl, and Martin Taureg, A Bibliography of Ethnographic Film. Hamburg and Münster: Lit Verlag (Göttinger Kulturwissenschaftliche Schriften, 1), 1992, 340 pp., 5 indexes.     

Blast off!

Abstract

Archaeology for Kids: Uncovering the Mysteries of the Past with 25 Activities . Richard Panchyk. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. 2001. 146 pp. $14.95 (paperback). ISBN: 1-55652-395-5.

Teaching about Climate Change . Tim Grant and Gail Littlejohn, eds. New Society Publishers/Green Teacher. 2001. iv + 74 pp. $12.95 (paperback). ISBN: 086571-437-1.     

THE GENUS COLLINSIA. XVI. SUPERNUMERARY CHROMOSOMES

Dhillon , T. S., and E. D. Garber . (U. Chicago, Chicago, Ill.) The genus Collinsia. XVI. Supernumerary chromosomes. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49 (2) : 168–170. 1962.—The pairing and transmission of supernumerary chromosomes in Collinsia solitaria and in hybrids between C. sparsiflora subsp. arvensis and C. bruceae were studied. Two supernumerary chromosomes usually formed a bivalent with 1 chiasma at metaphase I; 4 supernumerary chromosomes occasionally yielded a trivalent and univalent at this stage. Plants with 2–4 supernumerary chromosomes were fertile and plants with 5–8, sterile. Plants with a given number of supernumerary chromosomes when used as seed or pollen parent gave gametes with a higher number of such chromosomes.     

The Effect of Buoyancy on Weight and Mass Determinations

Curry, Alan; Grayson, Robin F., and Hosey, Geoffrey R. Under the Microscope New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983 $14.50 Reviewed by Michael E. Somers.

Polking, Kirk Oceans of the World: Our Essential Resource New York: Philomel Books (Putnam), 1983 106 pp. $14.95 hardcover Reviewed by Robert E. Knowlton.

Nitecki, Matthew H. Coevolution Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983 392 pp. $30 hardcover, $17 paper Reviewed by Donald J. Zinn.

Garfield, Eugene Essays of an Information Scientist, vol. 5 (1981–82) Philadelphia, Pa.: ISI Press, 1983 850 pp. $25 Reviewed by Judith A. Douville.     

Fatty acid synthesis inTrichophyton rubrum

Analysis of the fatty acid content ofT. rubrum showed that the organism is capable of synthesizing a variety of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (Kostiw, Vicher &Lyon, 1966). The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of synthesis of these fatty acids. Experimental data point to the presence of two mechanisms of fatty acid synthesis inT. rubrum:de novo synthesis and chain elongation. The presence of both mechanisms is suggested by the nature of the enzyme preparation, by the cofactor requirements for either pathway, and by the reaction products.University of Illinois at the Medical Center, and Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois. Presented in part at the International Society of Mycology Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, August 1967.     

GENETICS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI. V. HETEROCARYONS INVOLVING FORMAE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM

Garber , E. D., Ellen G. Wyttenbach , and T. S. Dhillon . (U. Chicago, Chicago, Ill.) Genetics of phytopathogenic fungi. V. Heterocaryons involving formae of Fusarium oxysporum. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(4): 325–329. 1961.—Heterocaryons involving mutant strains of 4 formae of Fusarium oxysporum were studied; the strains differed in nutritional requirements, resistance to acriflavine, and colonial morphology and color. Spores from the heterocaryons gave colonies on minimal medium which resembled one component strain in morphology and color; spores from heterocaryons involving f. pisi yielded colonies on complete medium containing a concentration of acriflavine inhibitory to the other component strain.     

A neural circuit which exhibits some features of epileptic attacks

A neural model based on a generalization of a model proposed in 1938 in the first edition of the author'sMathematical Biophysics (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press) is described. It possesses the property that due to some endogenous or exogenous stimulus, which may be of random nature, a pathway may suddenly begin to fire spontaneously. This spontaneous firing may either gradually spread over other pathways and eventually cease, or it may remain localized within one or a few pathways and then cease. Which of the two types of events occurs depends on the values of a number of parameters. The case of spreading reminds one of Jacksonian epilepsy.     

Avian host community structure and prevalence of West Nile virus in Chicago,Illinois

Vertebrate host diversity has been postulated to mediate prevalence of zoonotic, vector-borne diseases, such that as diversity increases, transmission dampens. This “dilution effect” is thought to be caused by distribution of infective bites to incompetent reservoir hosts. We quantified avian species richness, avian seroprevalence for antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV), and infection of WNV in Culex mosquitoes, in the Chicago metropolitan area, Illinois, USA, a region of historically high WNV activity. Results indicated high overall avian seroprevalence and variation in seroprevalence across host species; however, there was no negative correlation between avian richness and Culex infection rate or between richness and infection status in individual birds. Bird species with high seroprevalence, especially northern cardinals and mourning doves, may be important sentinels for WNV in Chicago, since they were common and widespread among all study sites. Overall, our results suggest no net effect of increasing species richness to West Nile virus transmission in Chicago. Other intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as variation in mosquito host preference, reservoir host competence, temperature, and precipitation, may be more important than host diversity for driving interannual variation in WNV transmission. These results from a fine-scale study call into question the generality of a dilution effect for WNV at coarser spatial scales.     

Demonstration of an altered phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase in an analogue-resistant mutant of Aspergillus nidulans

Summary We have isolated and characterized a new class of p-fluorophenylalanine (FPA)-resistant mutant in Aspergillus nidulans using a phenA strain as the wild type, by optimizing the conditions of growth. All four spontaneous mutants selected on a medium containing FPA were found to be recessive to their wild-type alleles in heterozygous diploids. Complementation analyses and linkage data showed that they were allelic and mapped at a single locus (fpaU) in the facA-riboD interval on the right arm of linkage group V. Partial purification and characterization of Phe-tRNA synthetase from wild-type and mutant strains revealed that the mutant enzyme had a greatly reduced ability to activate the analogue. It is suggested that mutation in the fpaU gene brings about a structural alteration in Phe-tRNA synthetase.Abbreviations FPA DL-p-fluorophenylalanine - phenA auxotroph of phenylalanine - Phe-tRNA synthetase phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase Current address: Department of Biological Sciences (M/C 066) The University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 4348, Chicago, IL 60680, USA     

Evidence of Invasive Felis silvestris Predation on Propithecus verreauxi at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar

Increasing evidence supports the idea that endemic avian and mammalian predators have profoundly impacted primate populations in Madagascar (Goodman, S. M. Predation on lemurs. In S. M. Goodman, & J. P. Benstead (Eds.), The natural history of Madagascar (pp. 1221–1228). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, (2003).). The role in regulating lemur populations of the 3 introduced mammalian carnivorans —small Indian civets (Viverricula indica, Desmarest 1804), domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, Linnaeus 1758), and invasive wildcats (Felis silvestris, Schreber 1775)— is less clear, but recent evidence suggests that the latter 2 are becoming important predators of diurnal lemurs. We report evidence for invasive wildcat predation on sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi) in Parcel 1 at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar, including skeletal remains of apparent Propithecus sifaka victims, observations of wildcat predatory behavior, and behavioral responses of the lemurs in the presence of wildcats.