广州蕨类植物增补(续)

报道了广州蕨类植物新记录种13种,隶属于10科11属.其中姬蕨科为广州新记录科.     

斜纹拟木蠹蛾在广州发生的生物学特征

本文报道了斜纹拟木蠹蛾Indarbela obliquifasciata在广州的发生和为害特征,对其形态和生物学特征做了阐述,表明该虫在广州一年发生一代,其取食寄主达18种,但主要寄主植物为羊蹄甲,其幼虫共6龄并以幼虫越冬。并对该虫的防治提出了建议。     

广州市景观湖微囊藻的分类学研究

于2008年3月至2009年4月,对广州市区若干景观湖水体的微囊藻属(Microcystis)进行分类学研究。共观察到11种微囊藻,分别是铜绿微囊藻(M. aeruginosa Kützing)、放射微囊藻(M. botrys Teiling)、坚实微囊藻(M. firma Kützing)、水华微囊藻(M. flosaquae Wittrock)、鱼害微囊藻(M. ichthyoblabe Kützing)、挪氏微囊藻(M. novacekii Komárek)、苍白微囊藻(M. pallida (Farlow) Lemm.)、假丝微囊藻(M. pseudofilamentosa Crow)、史密斯微囊藻(M. smithii Komárek & Anagnostidis)、绿色微囊藻(M. viridis A. Braun)和惠氏微囊藻(M. wesenbergii Komárek),对它们的形态学特征进行描述,并比较这些种类间的形态区别。     

窄颊粉蝇Pollenia angustigena Wainwright——广州口岸截获的一种丽蝇

本文报道从经广州新风口岸入境加拿大木材中截获的一种丽蝇:窄颊粉蝇Pollenia angustigerta Wainwright.     

广州河涌污水暴露致食蚊鱼骨骼形态雄性化的影响

食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)骨骼发育具有性别二态性,雄鱼臀鳍与第14、15和16椎体脉棘的形态特化受雄激素所调控,因此可以作为生物标志物监测水环境中的雄激素污染。本文利用食蚊鱼臀鳍和椎体脉棘形态变化为指标,调查了生活在受城市废水严重污染的广州市河涌中的食蚊鱼受内分泌干扰物影响的现状。根据食蚊鱼生长情况和捕鱼的便利性,选择广州市海珠涌中下游宝岗大道段(BG)、洪德路段(HD)和黄埔涌中下游赤岗路段(CG)、苗艺路段(MY)4个采样点,同时设置不受城市废水污染的华南师范大学校区内的中心湖作对照点(REF)。测量了雌、雄食蚊鱼第4臀鳍条长度和第4与第6臀鳍条长度的比值,并采用食蚊鱼第14、15和16椎体脉棘的总长(L,μm)、投影长度(P,μm)、尾部尖端到脊柱的高度(D,μm),以及L︰D、P︰D和P︰L的比值来评价食蚊鱼骨骼形态变化。结果,与对照点相比,夏冬两季海珠涌和黄埔涌4个采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼的第4臀鳍条长度显著延长(P0.05或P0.01),第4与第6臀鳍条长度的比值明显增大(P0.05或P0.01),成年雌性食蚊鱼臀鳍显现形态雄性化的特征;尽管4个采样点成年雄性食蚊鱼第4臀鳍条长度均显著小于对照点(P0.01),但是所有采样点的成年雄性食蚊鱼第4与第6臀鳍条长度的比值则无明显差异(P0.05)。与对照点(REF)相比,夏冬两季海珠涌宝岗大道段(BG)、洪德路段(HD)和黄埔涌苗艺路段(MY)采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼第14、15、16椎体脉棘的投影长度(P)显著增加(P0.05或P0.01);海珠涌宝岗大道段(BG),黄埔涌赤岗路段(CG)和苗艺路段(MY)采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼的P︰D比值显著增加(P0.05或P0.01);海珠涌宝岗大道段(BG)和洪德路段(HD),黄埔涌苗艺路段(MY)采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼的P︰L比值也显著增加(P0.05或P0.01);成年雌性食蚊鱼的第14、15、16椎体脉棘出现了骨质增生,增长,并向前倾斜,显示不同程度的形态雄性化特征。可是,各采样点成年雄性食蚊鱼第14、15、16椎体脉棘的投影长度(P)、P︰D和P︰L比值则没有明显变化(P0.05)。结果表明,广州河涌水体中的环境内分泌干扰物对食蚊鱼产生明显的形态雄性化效应。     

广州三种森林粗死木质残体（CWD）的储量与分解特征

粗死木质残体(Coarse Woody Debris, CWD)对森林生态系统的稳定性具有不可忽视的贡献.对广州3种森林CWD的储量与分解特征进行了调查分析,结果表明:(1)CWD储量及其与相应森林总生物量比值均表现为常绿阔叶林>针阔混交林>针叶林;枯立木与倒木为CWD的主要成分,其中,针叶CWD主要物种为马尾松(Pinus massonianai),阔叶CWD物种主要为荷木(Schima superba)与黄杞(Engelhardtia chrysolepis)等.(2)CWD径级主要集中在<10cm的范围内,存在状态主要为中级腐烂状态,干扰与竞争是3种森林CWD产生的主要因素.(3)针叶林、针阔混交林与常绿阔叶林CWD的分解常数k分别为0 0244、0.0407和0.0487,即分解速率为常绿阔叶林>混交林>针叶林;随着CWD的分解,N、P与木质素的含量逐渐升高,C、C/N与木质素/N呈降低趋势.     

广州桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel))发生动态及气象因子

2002～2005年期间,在广东广州利用性引诱剂对桔小实蝇进行了全年种群动态监测,调查可知桔小实蝇可在广州全年发生.该虫数量从5月开始迅速上升,6～9月份是发生盛期;10月份虫口密度逐渐下降,11月到翌年3月份种群数量很低.对桔小实蝇发生数量和气象因子进行主成分分析和相关分析,结果表明温雨因子作用最大,其中月平均降雨量是影响桔小实蝇种群变动的关键因子;日照因子作用次之,但月总日照时数对该虫的发生数量没有显著影响.     

Co-Sensitization to Silkworm Moth (Bombyx mori) and 9 Inhalant Allergens among Allergic Patients in Guangzhou,Southern China

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the profile of sensitization to silkworm moth (Bombyx mori) and other 9 common inhalant allergens among patients with allergic diseases in southern China.

Methods

A total of 175 patients were tested for serum sIgE against silkworm moth in addition to combinations of other allergens: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, cat dander, dog dander, Aspergillus fumigatus and Artemisia vulgaris by using the ImmunoCAP system. Correlation between sensitization to silkworm moth and to the other allergens was analyzed.

Results

Of the 175 serum samples tested, 86 (49.14%) were positive for silkworm moth sIgE. With high concordance rates, these silkworm moth sensitized patients were concomitantly sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (94.34%), Dermatophagoides farinae (86.57%), Blomia tropicalis (93.33%), Blattella germanica (96.08%), and Periplaneta americana (79.41%). Moreover, there was a correlation in serum sIgE level between silkworm moth and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (r = 0.518), Dermatophagoides farinae (r = 0.702), Blomia tropicalis (r = 0.701), Blattella germanica (r = 0.878), and Periplaneta americana (r = 0.531) among patients co-sensitized to silkworm moth and each of these five allergens.

Conclusion

In southern Chinese patients with allergic diseases, we showed a high prevalence of sensitization to silkworm moth, and a co-sensitization between silkworm moth and other five common inhalant allergens. Further serum inhibition studies are warranted to verify whether cross-reactivity exists among these allergens.     

Probabilistic health risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Comparison among different commuting modes in Guangzhou,China

Probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to evaluate health risks caused by eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) in five commuting modes (car, air-conditioned bus, non-air-conditioned bus, subway, and bicycle) in Guangzhou. Monte Carlo method and the contribution to variance method were applied to obtain the more scientific evaluation results and the more influential variables. The results revealed that the carcinogenic risk of air-conditioned bus and car were the highest, followed by bicycle, non-air-conditioned bus, and subway. The probability of the risk exceeding 10^?6 was approximately 90%, 62%, 62%, 91%, and 92%, respectively. Moreover, the noncarcinogenic risk of air-conditioned bus and car were the highest, followed by non-air-conditioned bus, bicycle, and subway. It indicated that subway, non-air-conditioned bus, and bicycle are better commuting choices for city dwellers to reduce health risks and alleviate traffic pressure. Formaldehyde, benzene, and acrolein contribute to a significant proportion in health risk and should be the prior controlled organic pollutants. Sensitivity analysis suggests that exposure time is the most influential parameter for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk, followed by concentrations of VOCs in air and exposure duration.     

1997—2003年广州市土地利用变化遥感监测研究及动态分析

分析了前人在土地利用研究中所用到的技术方法的基础上,利用广州市1997年和2003年的Landsat TM影像,在遥感和地理信息系统软件的支持下对广州市1997～2003年的土地利用/土地覆盖信息进行了提取并进行了统计分析,同时从土地利用变化的数量、速度、空间转移和区域差异等几个方面探讨广州市这6年来的土地利用变化规律以及其转化机理。通过本研究可以得出:(1)广州市1997～2003年间的土地利用变化状况处于一个平稳变化的阶段,其变化速度和强度都相对比较弱;(2)广州市各类土地利用类型变化存在着明显的区域差异,同时各类土地利用类型之间的转化强度不是很明显。