山东兖州煤田太原组(竹蜓)类动物群及石炭-二叠系界线探讨

通过对山东兖州煤田太原组类动物群的系统研究,共鉴定出类化石12属103种及部分未定种。根据类化石在地层中的分布和垂向变化规律,自上而下建立一个带三个亚带:Schwagerina带:3)Triticitesparvus-Quasifusulinalongissima亚带,2)Schwagerinagregaria-Boultoniawillsi亚带,1)Quasifusulinapseudocayeuxi-Rugosofusulinavalida亚带。通过与邻区及华北部分地区对比,本区太原组类动物群的地质时代为早二叠世早期,本区石炭-二叠系界线应置于太原组第十一层灰岩之底。     

大颌亚目隶属探讨

Drs.Rosen et     

不同培养基及激素对铁线蕨孢子离体繁殖的影响

铁线蕨Adiantum capillus-veneris L.是一种常绿草本,植株高15—40厘米,叶片小、纸质,叶片排裂似云片状,是一种优雅的室内观叶植物。多年来,在生产上我国仍采用分株繁殖的方法。用组织培养的方法进行蕨类植物的孢子繁殖工作,国内做得很少。现将我们所做的铁线蕨孢子离体繁殖工作,报道如下。     

中国新近系山旺阶建阶研究新进展

中国新近系的年代地层单位山旺阶与哺乳动物分期的山旺期相对应 ,其定义的生物带相当于欧洲的MN3～MN5 ,下界年龄应为 2 0 .5Ma。按照现代地层学的建阶原则对山东临朐的山旺剖面进行综合研究 ,得出山旺组的底界年龄约为 1 8Ma ,山旺动物群的地质时代也由原来认为的与欧洲MN5相当提早到与MN4相当。尽管如此 ,研究结果证实山旺组仍然缺失定义的山旺阶下部沉积和MN3动物群。《国际地层指南》提倡将重点放在选择下界的界线层型来确定年代地层单位 ,其上界应该由后续单位的下界来确定。甘肃兰州盆地和秦安地区有发育的渐新世至中新世沉积出露 ,并有山旺阶最底部的化石和适合于作古地磁分析的沉积物 ,因此 ,是有可能建立山旺阶下界界线层型的有利地点。     

大别山植物区系及南坡和北坡相关性研究

大别山位于皖、鄂、豫三省交界处,约有维管植物1722种,隶属于199科、697属。大别山植物区系具有下列基本特征:1)植物种类丰富;2)植物区系起源古老;3)大别山特有成分较多;4)地理成分复杂;5)区系过渡性明显。本文通过比较分析方法,从大别山不同区域的五个山头(马宗岭、天堂寨、多枝尖、陀尖、湖北大别山)的气侯、植物地理因素,种子植物的数目和结构、优势科、常绿植物和常绿阔叶林、属种相似性系数等方面着重研究了大别山南、北坡的相互关系。作者认为整个大别山植物区系应归属于华东植物区系,其植被应归入北亚热带落叶—常绿阔叶混交林。在划分中、北亚热带分界线时,大别山必须作为一个整体考虑。     

山东新汶煤田太原组小有孔虫动物群及石炭-二叠系界线的探讨

通过对山东新汶煤田太原组小有孔虫动物群的系统研究,共鉴定出小有孔虫化石24属66种,根据小有孔虫在太原组中的垂向分布和含量的变化,自下而上分为3个小有孔虫组合：1．Brad yina samarica- Palaeotextularia angusta elongata组合,2．Nodosaria sinensis- Tetrataxis组合,3．Geinitzina postacarbonica组合。通过与邻区及华北部分地区的对比,本区太原组小有孔虫动物群的地质时代应归属于早二叠世,其层位大致相当于华北各地太原组(ting)类的Pseudoschwagerina带。     

THE BEHAVIOR OF THE NUCLEIC ACIDS DURING THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEA URCHIN EGG (ARBACIA)

The authors wish to correct an error in the paper "The behavior of the nucleic acids during the early development of the sea urchin egg (Arbacia)" (J. Gen. Physiol., 1947–48, 31, 203). Owing to an oversight, the figures for the amounts of various P fractions in a single Arbacia egg have been erroneously expressed in γ x 10^–3 units (Tables I and II, page 205; the last two lines of page 206). The figures should have been expressed in γ x 10^–5 units. Thus, the fertilized Arbacia egg contains an average of 20 γ x 10^–5 ribonucleic acid P and 0.7 to 1 γ x 10^–5 desoxyribonucleic acid P.     

THE GEOTROPIC CONDUCT OF YOUNG RATS

On page 263, Vol. x, No. 2, November 20, 1926, under Curve A, in the legend for Fig. 3, Ordinate scale at the left should read Ordinate scale at the right. Under Curve B, Ordinate scale at the right should read Ordinate scale at the left.     

中国蕨科的数量分类研究

本文用聚类分析的方法,对中国蕨科23个种代表9个属做了数量分类研究,通过23OTUs×37个性状的原始数值矩阵标准化后,用欧氏距离系数计算相似性,采用WPGMA法进行聚类分析,以探索各属之间的系统位置和亲缘关系。其结果与我国植物学家经典分类处理基本上一致,并对粉背蕨属(Aleuritopteris)也做了修正,认为粉背蕨系(Ser.Farinosae)和银粉背蕨系(Sef.Argenteae)也可做为两个新属处理比较合理。另外对距离系数和结合线在类群划分申的作用进行了讨论和评价。     

REFOCUSING THE RESPONSIVENESS REQUIREMENT

Many guidelines for international research require that studies be responsive to host community health needs or health priorities. Although responsiveness possesses great intuitive and rhetorical appeal, existing conceptions are confusing and difficult to apply. Not only are there few examples of what research the responsiveness requirement permits and what it rejects, but its application can lead to contradictory results. Because of the practical difficulties in applying responsiveness and the danger that misapplying responsiveness could harm the interests of developing countries, we argue that responsiveness should be refocused in three ways: in terms of (1) who enforces it, (2) under what standard, and (3) in what cases. We conclude that responsiveness should be applied by host country officials at the policy level with the exercise of judgment when externally funded research threatens to displace scarce local resources.     

杉科植物的分类学研究

本文对杉科植物的研究历史作了回顾,根据分支分类结果和表征分类结果,提出了一个新的分类系统.以形态学为依据,结合其他学科的研究成果,对杉科的分类作了订正。作者承认杉科植物共9属、12种及3变种,将杉木、厚皮杉木、德昌杉木和米德杉木归并,支持柳杉作为日本柳杉的变种、台湾杉木作为杉木的变种、秃杉和台湾杉归并的观点。     

PROFITS AND PLAGIARISM: THE CASE OF MEDICAL GHOSTWRITING

This paper focuses on medical ghostwriting in the United States. I argue that medical ghostwriting often involves plagiarism and, in those cases, can be treated as an act of research misconduct by both the federal government and research institutions. I also propose several anti‐ghostwriting measures, including: 1) journals should implement guarantor policies so that researchers may be better held accountable for their work; 2) research institutions and the federal government should explicitly prohibit medical ghostwriting and outline appropriate penalties; and 3) a publicly available database should be created to record researchers' ethics violations.     

跳蚜亚科(Saltusaphidinae)系统发育分析(同翅目:斑蚜科)(英文)

选取形态及胚胎学特征,采用支序分析的方法对跳蚜亚科的系统发育进行了探讨。研究结果表明,Allaphis应作为蓟马蚜属Thripsaphis的一个亚属,Peltaphis应作为独立的属存在。Stenaphis应作为亚跳蚜属Subsallusaphis的一个亚属,粗腿蚜属Macropodaphis应建立一个新的亚科,该新亚科建议为粗腿蚜亚科Macropodaphinae。蓟马蚜属和毛斑蓟马蚜属Trichocallis为一对姐妹群,并且为较原始的类群。田鼠尾跳蚜属Sminhuraphis为单系类群,并与蓟马蚜属和毛斑蓟马蚜属具有共同的起源。聂跳蚜属Neveskyella和依跳蚜属Iziphya为一对姐妹类群,它们与跳蚜属Saltusaphis具有共同的祖先。亚跳蚜属与聂跳蚜属、依跳蚜属和跳蚜属有共同的起源,但较后三者原始。所有属之中,依跳蚜属相对较为进化。     

中国古本草书艾蒿类植物的初步考订

本文对中国古本草书记载的艾蒿类植物,如白蒿、艾、白艾、艾蒿、野艾蒿、苹、籟蒿、水蒿、萎蒿、柳叶蒿、(艹闾)蒿、艾叶、家艾、蕲艾、牛尾蒿、草蒿、青蒿、黄花蒿、香蒿、臭蒿、狃蒿、邪蒿、茵陈蒿)蓬高、野同蒿、紫香蒿、牡蒿、齐头蒿、水辣菜、奄闾子、庵(艹闾)、刘寄奴及金寄奴等作了初步考订,同时对一些名为"艾"或"蒿"但非菊科蒿属植物亦作一初步的考订。     

中国二叠系的底界

牙形刺是二叠系生物地层的主导门类,地叠系的三统九阶的界线层型（ＧＳＳＰ）都将用牙形刺定义。我国石炭－二叠系（Ｃ／Ｐ）的分界应采用与国际上一致的标准,即用牙形刺Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕｓ ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ的首次出现定义二叠系的底界。Ｓ．ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ在我国华南、华北均有分布,可精确地确定二叠系的底界。华北太原组应归下二叠统Ａｓｓｅｌｉａｎ阶,我国Ｃ／Ｐ界线地层和Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕ     

ON THE TITRATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE AND THE PARTICULATE HYPOTHESIS

1. The theory of the serial dilution method of titration of bacterio-phage has been worked out on the basis of the simple particulate hypothesis. 2. It has been shown that, if the dilution constant is .1, only about 60 per cent of parallel runs on the same solution should give the same end-point, the average being taken over a great number of titrations of each of a great variety of solutions. 3. The discrepancy between this figure, 60 per cent, and Dr. Bronfenbrenner''s estimate, 85 per cent, is considerable. 4. Inasmuch as the particulate hypothesis is well founded, no explanation of the discrepancy is suggested.     

鲤鱼杂种优势多代利用的探讨

作者根据自己的工作和当前国内外有关研究工作的进展情况,提出了通过人工诱发杂种三倍体,并用雌核发育的方式繁衍后代的途径,以防止鲤鱼品种间杂交后代分离,从而达到杂种优势多代利用的设想。       

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE EXTRA-GRANULAR ZONE OF THE EMBRYO OF THE SEA URCHIN,HEMICENTROTUS PULCHERRIMUS*

“Extra-granular zone” proposed by Dan and Dan (3) was studied with the electron microscope. Two stages are noticed during the process of its formation; at first, a relatively yolk granule-free zone constitutes the egg periphery which should correspond to that observed by Dan and Dan , and later, this zone is occupied by a layer of the vacuoles (about 1.3 μm in mean diameter) with highly electron-transparent inclusions which migrated to the egg surface from the inner cytoplasm after fertilization. These vacuoles are scarcely found in the micromeres of 16-cell stage embryo.     

中国蝗总科昆虫科间系统发育关系支序分析：直翅目;蝗亚目

在形态学研究的基础上,配方选择了１２个特征,利用Ｈｅｎｎｉｇ８６程序包,以支序分析探讨了中国蝗总科昆虫科间的系统发育关系。结果表明蝗虫类昆虫稳定的分为两大类,即癞蝗类和蝗类,本文建议蝗虫类昆虫分为分为两个总科较宜。长腹蝗亚科似归入斑腿蝗亚科更为合理;而皱腹亚科则应提升为独立科。