中国花翅跳小蜂属六新种(膜翅目 :跳小蜂科)(英文)

本文报道采自浙江、福建、广东、云南的跳小蜂六新种 ,即瘤毡蚧花翅跳小蜂MicroterysmetaceronemaeXu、露尾花翅跳小蜂MicroterysnuticaudatusXu、后缘花翅跳小蜂MicroteryspostmarginisXu、拟聂特花翅跳小蜂MicroteryspseudonietneriXu、匀色花翅跳小蜂MicroterysunicolorisXu、赵氏花翅跳小蜂MicroteryszhaoiXu。除露尾花翅跳小蜂MicroterysnuticaudatusXu ,sp .n .寄主尚不明确外 ,其余种类均为林木上各种介壳虫的寄生蜂。对新种进行了详细描述 ,并附特征图。标本存放浙江大学植物保护系。     

A note onSaissetia privigna [Hem.: Coccidae] in Pakistan and the breeding of its natural enemies

During a survey for the parasites and predators ofSaissetia privigna De Lotto, 4 additional species of natural enemies, namelyAnysis saissetiae (Ashm.),Metaphycus citricola Annecke & Mynhardt,Eublemma sp. andPullus coccidivora Ayyar were recorded in Pakistan.Aneristus ceroplastae How. andEncyrtus lecaniorum Mayr, which are known to be important parasites of this scale, were bred onS. privigna andPulvinaria sp. cultured on fruits ofCucurbita maxima in the laboratory.A. ceroplastae was introduced into France and proved useful in controllingCeroplastes rusci (L.) on citrus.

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Résumé Au cours d'une campagne de recherche de parasites et prédateurs deSaissetia privigna De Lotto au Pakistan, on a trouvé 4 espèces supplémentaires d'ennemis naturels;Anysis saissetiae (Ashm.),Metaphycus citricola Annecke & Mynhardt,Eublemma sp. etPullus coccidivora Ayyar.Aneristus ceroplastae How. etEncyrtus lecaniorum Mayr, connus comme parasites importants de cette cochenille, ont été élevés surS. privigna etPulvinaria sp. multipliés en laboratoire sur des fruits deCucurbita maxima. A. ceroplastae a été introduit en France et s'est révélé efficace pour la lutte contreCeroplastes rusci (L.) sur citrus.

     

The characteristic smell emitted from two scale insects,Ceroplastes japonicus and Ceroplastes rubens

ABSTRACT

The volatile components emitted from two scale insects, Ceroplastes japonicus and Ceroplastes rubens, were identified using GC–MS analysis. The major volatile components of the solvent extract from C. japonicus were α-humulene (35.8%) and δ-cadinene (17.0%), while those of C. rubens were β-selinene (10.3%) and β-elemene (5.1%). In GC/olfactometry, linalool, butyric acid, 3-methylbutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, and vanillin were identified as the odor-active components of the extract from C. japonicus, in addition to trace amounts of trans-4,5-epoxy-(2E)-decenal, 4-methyl-(3E)-hexenoic acid, and phenylacetic acid. With regard to C. rubens, trans-4,5-epoxy-(2E)-decenal, 3-methylbutyric acid, and phenylacetic acid were identified as the odor-active components. Besides, decan-1,4-olide (γ-decalactone) with milky cherry-like note and 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one (sotolone) with brown sugar-like note were also detected as the characteristic cherry-like sweet-and-sour note of these two scale insects.     

Morphological Characterizations of Four Species of Parallelostrombidium (Ciliophora,Oligotrichia), with a Note on the Phylogeny of the Genus

The morphology and phylogeny of four oligotrichid ciliates, Parallelostrombidium paraellipticum sp. n., P. dragescoi sp. n., P. jankowskii (Xu et al. 2009) comb. n., and P. kahli (Xu et al. 2009) comb. n., are described or redescribed based on live observation, protargol stained material, and SSU rRNA gene sequences. The new species P. paraellipticum sp. n. is characterized by its obovoidal cell shape, adoral zone composed of 17–21 collar, 9–11 buccal, and two thigmotactic membranelles, and extrusomes attached in one row along the girdle kinety. The new species P. dragescoi sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners by its obovoidal cell shape and a lack of thigmotactic membranelles. Based on ciliary patterns recognizable in the original slides, Omegastrombidium jankowskii Xu et al. 2009 and O. kahli Xu et al. 2009 should be transferred to the genus Parallelostrombidium Agatha 2004. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data demonstrate that all four new sequences cluster with previously described congeners. The genus Parallelostrombidium is separated into two clusters, suggesting its non‐monophyly and probably corresponding to the two subgenera proposed by Agatha and Strüder‐Kypke (2014), as well as their morphological difference (cell dorsoventrally flattened vs. unflattened).     

New and little known species of the capsid-bug genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytocoris</Emphasis>, subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Soosocapsus</Emphasis> (Heteroptera: Miridae,Mirinae) from Mongolia

Three new species of the genus Phytocoris, subgenus Soosocapsus, Phytocoris kalidii sp. n., Ph. reaumuriae sp. n., and Ph. kozlovi sp. n., are described from Mongolia. Two species, Phytocoris nitrariae Xu et Zheng, 1997 and Ph. jorgitooi Kerzhner et Schuh, 1995, are recorded from Mongolia for the first time.     

Myrtlemiris,a new genus and new species of Australian plant bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae): systematics,phylogeny and host associations

A new Australian genus of Orthotylinae, Myrtlemiris Cheng, Mututantri & Cassis gen.n. , is described, with nine included species described as new to science (M. agnew sp.n. , M. astartephila sp.n. , M. meanarra sp.n. , M. newmanensis sp.n. , M. rubrocuneatus sp.n. , M. russulatus sp.n. , M. silveirae sp.n. , M. tesselatus sp.n. , M. yalgoo sp.n. ). A phylogenetic analysis based on 39 morphological characters is presented for all Myrtlemiris species and 6 outgroup taxa. This analysis establishes Myrtlemiris as monophyletic, defined by a broad apophysis on the left paramere. A key to species is provided and diagnostic characters are illustrated. Myrtlemiris is endemic to southwest Western Australia. Host plants for Myrtlemiris species are near restricted to the myrtaceous tribe Chamelaucieae.     

Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

The southern African genus Macroderes Westwood is revised. Six new species, M. amplior n. sp., M. minutus n. sp., M. endroedyi n. sp., M. namakwanus n. sp., M. foveatus n. sp., and M. cornutus n. sp., are described.The neotype of M. bias (Olivier) is designated.Two new synonymies are established: M. pilula Sharp is a junior synonym of M. bias (Olivier), and M. westwoodi Preudhomme de Borre is a junior synonym of M. undulatus Preudhomme de Borre. A key to species and notes on biology and distribution are given.     

Morphological and genetic characteristics of sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus, from the Ariake Sea, Japan

Sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus, from the Ariake Sea, characterized by black dots on the lateral body region as in the Chinese sea bass,L. sp., were examined and compared morphologically and genetically withL. japonicus andL. sp. Some meristic characters of the Ariake form tended to fall midway between values for the two former species. Genetic features, evaluated by isozyme analyses, indicated that the Ariake form as represented a simple Mendelian population, there being no significant differences from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium according to chi-square tests. Although some extreme differences in allelic frequencies were found at some loci betweenL. japonicus andL. sp., the Ariake form possessed many heterozygotes at thePROT-1 ^* locus, in addition to allelic frequencies at some loci conforming to those ofL. sp. Average allele numbers per locus, rate of polymorphic loci and average heterozygosity of the Ariake form were higher than for eitherL. japonicus orL. sp., indicating high genetic variation in the former. The results suggested that the Ariake population is genetically independent of other populations ofL. japonicus, but might be genetically influenced byL. sp.     

A new species of Megoura (Hemiptera,Aphididae) from Japan

A new species of the genus Megoura, M. lathyricola sp. n., was collected from Lathyrus japonicus subsp. japonicus (Leguminosae) in seashore areas of northern and southern Japan. This species is described and illustrated, and a revised key to the identification of the world species of Megoura is presented.     

Maxfischeriinae: a new braconid subfamily (Hymenoptera) with highly specialized egg morphology

The tribe Maxfischeriini, previously placed in Helconinae, is emended to subfamily status based on morphological and biological evidence. Proposed autapomorphies for Maxfischeriinae include: the presence of a pronotal shelf, forewing vein 1a and 2a present, although 1a nebulous, ventral valve of the ovipositor with serrations from tip to base and specialized egg morphology. The novel, pedunculate egg morphology is described for Maxfischeria, representing a new life‐history strategy among Braconidae. Based on egg and ovipositor morphology, we suggest that Maxfischeria is a proovigenic, koinobiont ectoparasitoid. Five new species of Maxfischeria Papp are described with an illustrated key to all species (Maxfischeria ameliae sp.n. , Maxfischeria anic sp.n. , Maxfischeria briggsi sp.n. , Maxfischeria folkertsorum sp.n. and Maxfischeria ovumancora sp.n. ). In addition to the identification key presented here, all known species of Maxfischeria can be separated using the barcoding region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Based on molecular data, the phylogenetic relationships among the six known species of Maxfischeria are as follows: (M. folkertsorum sp.n. (M. ovumancora sp.n. (M. briggsi sp.n. (M. anic sp.n. (M. tricolor + M. ameliae sp.n. ))))).     

New species ofIsospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from passeriform birds of Hawaii

Three new species ofIsospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) are described from the faeces of passeriform birds of Hawaii.Isospora lyonensis n. sp. is described from the faeces ofLonchura punctulata (Passeriformes: Estrildidae) and has spherical-subspherical oocysts, 24×23 (21–27×21–26.5), with a thick, bi-layered wall c.1.5 thick. A micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but three or more polar granules are present. Oocysts ofI. mejiro n. sp. were found in the faeces ofZosterops japonicus (Passeriformes: Zosteropidae) and are spherical to subspherical, 28.5×27 (25–32×25–29.5), with a thick, bi-layered wall c.1.5 thick. A micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but a large polar granule is present.I. manoaensis n. sp. was also found inZ. japonicus and has spherical-subspherical oocysts, 28×26.5 (25.5–30.5×22.5–29), and a thick, bi-layered wall c.1.5 thick. A micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but a polar granule consisting of numerous splinter-like fragments is present. In addition to the above new species, oocysts ofI. brayi Levine, Van Riper & Van Riper, 1980 were also found inZ. japonicus.     

The spiders of a citrus grove in israel and their role as biocontrol agents ofCeroplastes floridensis [Homoptera: Coccidae]

A 12 month survey was carried out of the spider population in a commercial citrus grove at Kibbutz Afeq in Northern Israel. The spiders collected from grapefruit foliage and ground cover were identified; young stages were reared to maturity and then identified.Chiracanthium mildei L. Koch represented 52% of all spiders captured during the year andTheridion sp. accounted for 34%. In the undercover,Gnaphosidae spiders represented 43% of the total spiders captured in pitfall traps andLycosidae 35%. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effectivness of spiders in biological control of the scaleCeroplastes floridensis Mask. in the citrus ecosystem. Wherever spiders were undisturbed on tree branches, populations ofC. floridensis were not able to develop to a level sufficient to cause economic damage. The increase in the number of scales was minimal: from 47 initially to 56. There was no damage to leaves nor was honeydew or sooty mold observed. During the same time period, on the 3 branches from which spiders had been eliminated, the number of scales increased seven-fold from 44 to 309. Leaves were heavily infested with sooty mold fungi that developed on the honeydew produced by the scales. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, Neve Ya'ar, Regional Experiment Station. P.O. Haifa 31999, Israel. No. 1314-E 1984, series.     

Comparison of egg period, hatching rate, and first-instar nymphs among three species of stonefly

Egg period was compared among several temperature conditions (11°C, 16°C, 20°C, 23°C) in Sweltsa sp., Stavsolus japonicus, and Isoperla aizuana (Plecoptera). The shortest mean egg incubation period was 27.8 days at 20°C in Sweltsa sp., 118.1 days at 16°C in Stavsolus japonicus, and 162.0 days at 20°C in Isoperla aizuana on average. Egg hatching rate was also the highest at the water temperature that provided the shortest egg incubation period. Based on laboratory data, eggs of Sweltsa sp. were considered to be deposited in May and hatched in June in the field. Thus, they must have spent the summer as nymphs in the field. Eggs of Stavsolus japonicus and Isoperla aizuana were considered to be deposited in April to May and hatched in September to October in the field. Visible eyes of Stavsolus japonicus and Isoperla aizuana appeared in August. It is likely that the long egg period of Stavsolus japonicus and Isoperla aizuana reflects that these two species spend the summer as dormant eggs in the field.     

Taxonomy of monogeneans of deep sea fishes in southeastern Australia

The following monogeneans from deepwater fish in southeastern Australia are described, based on a survey of 1,563 fish (66 or 67 species, 35 families, 15 orders): Reimericotyle ceratoscopeli from Myctophum phengodes, M. hygomi, Hygophum hygomi and Ceratoscopelus warmingii; Diclidophora tubiformis n. sp. from Coryphaenoides serrulatus and C. subserrulatus; Diclidophora sp. from Lepidorhynchus denticulatus; Polycliphora nezumiae from Coryphaenoides serrulatus; Paracyclocotyla sp. from Lepidion microcephalus; juvenile Paracyclocotyla sp. from Hoplostethus atlanticus; Polyipnicola hygophi from Hygophum hygomi, Notoscopelus resplendens, Electrona risso and Myctophum phengodes; Diclidophoropsis sp. from Nezumia sp.; Eurysorchis manteri from Hyperoglyphe sp.; Heteraxinoides sp. from Synagrops japonicus; Megalocotyle helicoleni from Helicolenis papillosus. The following species are recorded but not described: Allocotylophora polyprionum (Diclidophoroidea), four unidentified species of the Diclidophoroidea from Diastobranchus capensis, both Hoplostethus atlanticus and H. intermedius, Chlorophthalmus sp. and Synagrops japonicus, respectively, one species of the Capsaloidea from Enoplosus armatus, one species of the Capsalidae from Lepidotrigla argus, one species of the Dactylogyrinae from Atypichthys strigatus, and one species of the Ancyrocephalinae from Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis.     

Genetic differences among three species of the genus Trichiurus (Perciformes: Trichiuridae) based on mitochondrial DNA analysis

The mitochondrial DNA segment encoding the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequence (ca. 600 bp) was compared among Trichiurus sp. 2 (sensu Nakabo, 2002) (obtained from various areas of Japan), T. japonicus Temminck and Schlegel (collected from various localities within Japan), and true T. lepturus Linnaeus (caught off the Atlantic coast of the United States and Brazil) of the family Trichiuridae using 10, 10, and 15 specimens, respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis using a neighbor-joining (NJ) algorithm, the haplotypes of Trichiurus sp. 2, T. japonicus, and T. lepturus indicated three distinct monophyletic lineages, being supported by 100% bootstrap values with no haplotypes overlapping or sharing among the lineages. Trichiurus sp. 2, T. japonicus, and T. lepturus are genetically different from each other, suggesting that they are three distinct species.     

广西稻田螯蜂三新种记述(膜翅目: 螯蜂科)

该文记述了广西稻田螯蜂3新种：广西双距螯蜂Gonatopus guangxiensis Xu et He, 殃叶蝉双距螯蜂Gonatopus euscelidivorus Xu et He和褐飞虱双距螯蜂Gonatopus nilaparvatae Xu et Yang。模式标本存于浙江农业大学。     

Taxonomic Studies of the Marine Genus Marcusaedrilus Righi & Kanner (Oligochaeta,Tubificidae), with Descriptions of Seven New Species from the Caribbean Area and Australia*

The definition of Marcusaedrilus Righi & Kanner, 1979, is modified to include M. hummelincki Righi & Kanner, 1979, M. luteolus sp.n. (both from the Caribbean), and six new species from the Great Barrier Reef, M. grandiculus sp.n., M. minusculus sp.n., M. tuber sp.n., M. capricornae sp.n., M. sacculatus sp.n., and M. irregularis sp.n. The genus is largely distinguished from the closely related Limnodriloides Pierantoni, 1903, by its partially ciliated atria and its tripartite spermathecae.