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A one‐year phenological study of three columnar cacti, Stenocereus griseus (Haw.) Britton & Rose, Pilosocereus sp., Cereus hexagonus (L.) Mill., and a decumbent cactus Monvillea cf. smithiana (Britton & Rose) Backeberg., was carried out in the Andean arid region of La Tatacoa, Colombia. Pollinators and/or dispersers of the cacti species also were studied monthly, and fecal samples were collected for the identification of pollen and seeds. The flowering of all species was prolonged and showed bimodal, multimodal, or irregular patterns. Fruiting in all species also was prolonged and followed flowering with a lag of less than two months. Although there were no simple correlations between rainfall and flowering or fruiting, flower production during the dry season was higher for 5. griseus, while Pilosocereus sp. and C. hexagonus showed higher flower production during the wet season. Fruit production was also seasonal, with higher production during the wet season for 5. griseus and C. hexagonus. The patterns of flowering and fruiting in M. cf. smithiana showed no relationships with dry and wet seasons. The bats Glossophaga longirostris, Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium, the birds Melanerpes rubricapillus (Picidae) and Mimus gilvus (Mimidae), and moths of the family Sphingidae, were identified as pollinators and/or fruit consumers of these cacti species. 相似文献
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The benefits of the collaboration between orthopaedics and geriatrics in the management and care of elderly patients admitted with hip fracture have been widely demonstrated. A questionnaire was sent to all hospital geriatricians of Castilla y León in order to determine the characteristics this collaboration between orthopaedics and geriatrics in the public hospitals of Castilla y León. They were asked about the type of collaboration with orthopaedics in the care of the elderly patient admitted with hip fracture and details of the treatment of the complications. Most of the hospitals maintain a high level of orthogeriatric collaboration with geriatricians, and the geriatrician attends to most of the medical complications of these patients. The average hospital stay is 10 days, with a surgical delay of 3 days. Management of the most frequent clinical problems in hospitals of Castilla y León are detailed in this article, comparing them with the latest articles and current recommendations from clinical practice guides. 相似文献
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Giulia Paroni Filomena Addante Davide Seripa Francesco Panza Massimiliano Copetti Luigi Fontana Alberto Pilotto 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2012
Introduction
Mutations of forkhead-box-O1 (FOXO1) gene at locus 13q14.1 cause changes in biochemical parameters leading to premature aging. Protein FoxO1 participates in the regulation of biochemical pathways, including those influencing the regulation of lipid profile and glucose metabolism. These parameters are a risk factor for all-cause mortality in the elderly population. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between FOXO1 locus and metabolic-nutritional markers.Material and methods
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs2721069, rs4943794 and rs7981045 were determined in 594 hospitalized elderly (65-99 years), patients consecutively admitted to a geriatric ward, and tested the association of FOXO1 variants with biological markers by the analyses of co-variance (ANCOVA) and by Genotype Score Model statistic.Results
The ANCOVA analysis, under different genetic models, revealed significant associations. In particular, assuming a dominant genetic model, a significant association with serum levels of fasting glucose was observed for rs2721069 (P = .034) and rs4943794 (P = .012). For rs4943794 a significant association assuming a free genetic model (P = .039) and an additive one (P = .012) was also observed. No significant relationship was observed between rs7981045 and the analyzed markers. The Genotype Score Model analysis confirmed a significant association between FOXO1 SNP and fasting glucose, taking the SNP rs2721069 and rs4943794 together (P = .048; β = 3.198).Conclusions
Aging is a complex process, resulting from the interaction between several factors, including environmental and genetic ones. Our findings suggest that FOXO1 locus may influence blood glucose levels in hospitalized older patients, thus being one of the genetic factors contributing to healthy aging. 相似文献10.
José Gutiérrez Rodríguez Marian Rodríguez Piñera Eloy Ortiz Cachero Anabel González Alonso Paloma Pérez Guillén Francisco Luis Jiménez Muela Arsenio Alonso Collada Juan José Solano Jaurrieta 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2013
Objectives
To study the prevalence of delirium in the residential environment and to analyse the associated clinical, functional and mental factors.Material and methods
A cross-sectional epidemic study was conducted on a population of elderly persons institutionalised in 2011 in 6 nursing homes in Asturias. Socio-demographic, clinical, functional (Barthel Index [BI]) and mental (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) variables were collected. Delirium was defined by the Confusion Assessment Method.Results
A total of 505 elderly were included in the study (age 83.30 ± 7.33 years, with 67.70% women), and scores on the MMSE of 17.19 ± 10.35 and a BI score of 55.11 ± 35.82. The prevalence of delirium was 11.70%. On examining the risk of delirium among the studied variables, there was statistical significance when considering: BI, MMSE, dementia, pressure ulcers, or urinary catheter, and the prescribing of clomethiazole, ACTH-I or trazodone. In the analysis of the variables in the logistic regression with BI, diagnosis of dementia, the prescribing of clomethiazole or trazodone, in the equation, there was a statistical significance associated with delirium.Conclusions
The prevalence of delirium in a residential environment in our study population was 11.7%. The results show that BI, diagnosis of dementia, and prescribing of clomethiazole or trazodone were associated with risk of delirium in institutionalised patients. 相似文献11.
Begoña Prado Villanueva Cornelia Bischoffberger ValdésEmiliana Valderrama Gama Carlos Verdejo BravoJavier Damián 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(1):7
Introduction
Urinary incontinence (UI) has been poorly studied in Spanish nursing homes. The objective is to determine the prevalence and related factors of UI in institutionalized older people in Madrid, Spain.Methods
A probabilistic sample of 754 subjects 65 years of age and older living in public and private institutions in Madrid was randomly selected through stratified cluster sampling. Residents, caregivers and physicians were interviewed. UI was defined as any leakage in the previous 14 days. We asked about the frequency (occasional, nocturnal, frequent and total), quantity (drops or small quantities, very much), and types (urge, stress, due to cognitive impairment, and due to walking difficulty). To determine the factors associated with UI, we built logistic regression models that adjusted for age, sex, functional dependency (Barthel index) and cognitive status (Pfeiffer's test).Results
The prevalence of UI was 53.6%. Of all residents 35.8% had frequent or total UI. Among those incontinent 60.1% had a very large quantity of urine loss and the most common presentation was mixed (54.1%). The most frequent type in the population was urgent UI (26.8%) followed by UI due to walking difficulty (21.4%). UI was associated (odds ratios [95% CI]) with moderate (3.51 [1.56-7.89]) and severe functional disability (44.71 [10.99-181.94]), faecal incontinence (4.97 [2.04-12.16]), stroke (4.59 [1.06-19.87]), physical restraints (4.03 [1.02-17.87]), and falls (2.10 [1.16-3.81]). The mean (95% CI) number of pads used per person per day was 3.0 (2.4-3.6).Conclusions
The prevalence of UI was somewhat higher than that of other comparable populations. Mixed forms, including functional types, were common. 相似文献12.
A new finding of a marine mammal is documented from the middle Miocene of El Camp basin in Tarragona (NE Spain). The incomplete and disarticulated bone remains belong to the skeleton of a juvenile cetacean. These remains appear deposited above a transgression surface and included within a glauconitic calcisiltite layer. This unit constitutes the beginning of a shallowing-upwards sequence and was deposited under low-energy conditions and low sedimentation rates in a middle-outer platform setting. This context was responsible for the long exposure of the remains and, consequently, an extension of the biostratinomic stage. These conditions favored the natural decomposition and disarticulation of the carcass, allowing the action of different types of scavenging organisms. The interpretation of the paleoenvironmental setting is based in the combination of different datasets: taphonomic data of the bone remains, paleoecologic and taphonomic information provided by the fauna associated to the bones, and ichnologic and sedimentologic interpretation of the sediments where the fossils are included. Combination of such different proxies enables a very good characterization of the paleoenvironmental context of the studied fossils. 相似文献
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Background
Frailty is a syndrome with important epidemiological and clinical implications in older adults. One of the most accepted definitions of frailty is that of Fried and Walston, who operationalised it according to five well defined criteria. However, their criteria are not readily applicable in primary care, where practitioners need tools to identify patients who require priority access to more specialised resources. With that objective in mind, our research group published the Frailty Instrument of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FI). The present paper reports the results of the Spanish sample.Methods
In the wave 1 of SHARE (2004), the Spanish sample was composed of 1,279 women and 933 men, all living in the community (mean age: 65.6 years). For each sex, a latent class analysis was used to summarise the five (adapted) frailty criteria into three incremental frailty classes. We tested the association of the frailty classes against a biopsychosocial range of wave 1 variables; the predictive validity of the frailty classes was tested using mortality data from the second wave of SHARE (2006-2007), which were available for 846 women and 660 men.Results
The frailty classes had the expected cross-sectional associations. The age-adjusted Odds ratio for mortality (with 95% confidence interval) associated with the frail class was 3.2 (1.0-10.2) for women and 8.3 (3.1-22.1) for men.Discussion
SHARE-FI is a valid and freely accessible instrument, which is intended to facilitate the adoption of the frailty paradigm in primary care. 相似文献15.
A taphonomic study of the carcass of an adult guanaco (Lama guanicoe) recently killed and consumed by one or more pumas (Puma concolor) in the Laguna del Diamante reserve (Mendoza province, Argentina) is exposed, and the case is discussed in the light of the available taphonomic information on this agent in America. The carcass was dispersed along more than 30 m and basically devoid of soft tissues. Thirty-four percent of the bones presented tooth modifications, removal of bone tissue and edge damage, mostly attributable to pumas. Some of these modifications are considerable, as in the case of the skull. The results of the study suggest that bone modifications are intense as compared to other taphonomic studies on this felid. The implications of this are discussed, and the conclusion is reached that more knowledge is needed on the range of variation in puma taphonomic action and the conditions under which such variation occurs. 相似文献
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Alfonso González Ramírez Juan José Calvo Aguirre Pilar Lekuona Ancizar Juan Luis González Oliveras Teresa Marcellán Benavente Ana Ruiz de Gordoa Armendia Antoni Salvá Casanovas Pablo Alcalde Tirado Teresa González Alonso Reyes Padilla Clemente Mercedes Clerencia Sierra Elena Ubis Diez 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2013
The Workshop on Osteoporosis, Falls and Fractures (GCOF) of The Spanish Geriatrics and Gerontology Society (SEGG) formed a committee in order to review the state of the art on the detection, risk factors and assessment tools for falls, and intervention protocols when falls occurs in nursing homes, long-term hospitals or medium-stay units. The different patient profiles are described in order to make a comprehensive approach to this heterogeneous topic and population, offering a risk classification and specific advice according to these categories. 相似文献
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C. F. Greco 《BioControl》1995,40(3-4):317-320
Phenology and habitat selection of the aphidophagous syrphid species most frequently found in crops and pastures in the Province
of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The paucity in ecological studies on aphidophagous syrphid flies (Diptera, Syrphidae) of the neotropical region is particularly
pronounced in Argentina. In order to increase the database on these natural enemies, the phenology and habitat selection of
six syrphid flies (Dipt., Syrphidae):Syrphus phaeostigma (L.);Allograpta obliqua (Wied.);Allograpta exotica (Wied.);Pseudodorus clavatus (L.);Platycheirus carposcalis (L.) andOcyptamus argentinensis (Thorn.) were studied in the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The moment of the year in which adults, eggs, larvae and
pupae of these species are found was recorded. The phenologies found for the species in our area are similar to those found
for other species of the same genera in other parts of the world. These aphidophagous syrphids are not evenly distributed
in all the systems sampled, evidencing a preference for either one of the following types of habitat: cereal crop, lucerne,
soya, bushes or prairies. These results are potentially useful in terms of crop and pest management practices.
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Elisa Frutos Bernal Juan Carlos Martín CorralPurificación Galindo Villardón 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(6):303