中国瑟寄蝇属种类纪要（双翅目：寄蝇科）

研究了我国蜗寄蝇族瑟寄蝇属Cyrtophleba(双翅目:寄蝇科)2种,其中茹瑟寄蝇Cyrtophleba ruricola 分布于辽宁,山西,宁夏,新疆;变瑟寄蝇Cyrtophleba vernalis为中国新记录种,分布于辽宁。给出了上述2种的鉴别特征及变瑟寄蝇头和雄性尾器的特征图。研究标本分别保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫标本室(SYNU),中国科学院动物研究所(IZCAS)和国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站(GSFPM)。     

中国新纪录大角寄蝇属二新种(双翅目,蝇科)

大角寄蝇属Atylomyia是追寄蝇亚科拱瓣寄蝇族的一个小属,其体小,眼裸,触角宽大,触角芒第2节长为宽的4～6倍,M脉弯曲处呈直角,前胫具1后鬃,腹部第1 2背板中央凹陷伸达后缘,中间背板无心鬃;已知3种,均分布于古北区.本文首次报告采自我国山西,广西和西藏的大角寄蝇属,并记述了2新种:小爪大角寄蝇Atylomyia minutiungula Zhang et Wang,sp.nov.和中华大角寄蝇A.chinensis Zhang et Ge,sp.nov.,并编制了该属分种检索表;新种模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫标本室.     

中国噪寄蝇属二新种及三新纪录种(双翅目,寄蝇科)(英文)

噪寄蝇属Campylocheta隶属于双翅目寄蝇科长足寄蝇亚科Dexiinae噪寄蝇族Campylochetini,其幼虫一般寄生于鳞翅目夜蛾科和尺蛾科的幼虫;世界性分布。本属区别于其它近缘属的特征为:复眼具黄色密长毛;颜堤在下2/3或更多部分具鬃;单眼鬃发达,通常后倾;触角第3节长于第2节3倍以上,触角芒裸,在基部1/5～1/2变粗;前胸前侧片具密的淡色毛;背中鬃3+3;小盾端鬃强,交叉后伸;翅肩鳞黑色;前缘基鳞红黄色;腹部第1+2合背板无中缘鬃。本研究的腹噪寄蝇C.abdominalis、双鬃噪寄蝇C.bisetosa和毛颜噪寄蝇C.hirticeps为中国新纪录分布;褐脉噪寄蝇C.fuscinervis、马来噪寄蝇C.malaisei和巨尾噪寄蝇C.magnicauda为中国分布已知种;编制了中国本属8个种的检索表。首次描述了产自我国的2新种;新种模式标本及其它研究标本均保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫标本馆(SNU)。     

中国海南长足寄蝇属一新种(双翅目,寄蝇科)

长足寄蝇属幼虫主要寄生于土壤中生活的金龟总科昆虫,分布于东洋区、非洲热带区和古北区,其幼虫尾节背部均具2根特征性长鬃,区别于长足寄蝇族其它属而为一单系群.记述了采自我国海南省的长足寄蝇属1新种:海南长足寄蝇Dexia hainanensis sp.nov.,与分布东洋区的异长足寄蝇Dexia divergens Walker近似,但胸部背板黑色内侧纵条较窄,雌、雄腹部第3背板均具完整的1列后缘鬃,肛尾叶较窄.新种模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

中国新记录属——颊寄蝇属分类研究（双翅目：寄蝇科）

颊寄蝇属Dexiosoma属于寄蝇亚科、Microphthalmini族,该属种类均栖息于草丛中,寄生于土壤中金龟子科幼虫;其外形特征是侧颜宽,具淡色毛,单眼鬃缺,触角芒羽状,后背中鬃3,足黄,前足基节前内侧大部具倒伏的小毛。已知4种颊寄蝇中,3种分布东洋区,1种分布古北区。本文研究了产自上述两动物地理区的颊寄蝇属标本和文献,首次发现该属在我国分布,记述了采自四川,云南和西藏的1新种,暗角颊寄蝇Dexiosoma nigricornis;简述了分布辽宁和吉林的中国新记录种,灰颊寄蝇D.caninum(Fabricius)的主要特征;编制了本属5种雄性检索表;研究标本均保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所。     

中国寄蝇科狭颊寄蝇属研究(双翅目:寄蝇科)

综合研究中国狭颊寄蝇属73种的鉴别方法、分布、寄主种类;研究并发现一些种类的变异特点,♀、♂异型等现象;文中附有73种的检索表及特征图,15个新种的描述;订正了5种为新异名.重建了狭颊寄蝇属的分类系统.     

中国瘦寄蝇属一新种和一新纪录种(双翅目,寄蝇科)

瘦寄蝇属Leptothelaira Mesnil et Shima隶于长足寄蝇亚科Dexinae瘦寄蝇族Leptothelairini;其体细长,后足基节上部具1宽而闭合的骨化桥,翅R4 5脉基部背面具1根小鬃;已知分布于俄罗斯远东南部、日本、越南、尼泊尔和我国台湾.本文记述了采自我国广西龙胜华坪的瘦寄蝇属1新纪录种:东方瘦寄蝇L.orientalis Mesnil et Shima,1979和产自陕西太白山和山西沁源与方山的1新种:长茎瘦寄蝇L.longipennis sp.nov,新种与分布东洋区的南方瘦寄蝇L.meridionalis Mesnil et Shima近似,但单眼鬃弱于内顶鬃,腹部第4背板后1/4～1/5和第5背板完全黑,第5腹板基部圆,中央裂深且基部宽,侧尾叶端部较窄而尖等.新种模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

中国丛毛寄蝇族一新属新种记述（双翅目：寄蝇科）

本文记述寄蝇科丛毛寄蝇族一新属,类梳寄蝇属Ｉｓｏｐｅｘｏｐｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．一新种,侧颜类梳寄蝇Ｉ．ｐａｒａｆａｃｉａｌｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,并绘制了相应的特征图,模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国蜉寄蝇属分类学研究(双翅目,寄蝇科)(英文)

蜉寄蝇属Phorocera隶属于双翅目Diptera寄蝇科Tachinidae追寄蝇业科Exoristinae追寄蝇族Exoristini,一般寄生于鳞翅口毒蛾科,夜蛾科和尺蛾科的幼虫;主要分布于古北区和新北区.该属区别于追寄蝇族Exoristini 其它属的特征为:眼后鬃列后方具黑毛,复眼具淡黄色长毛,单眼鬃位于前单眼后方,背中鬃3+3,翅内鬃0+3,腹部背板具心鬃.本文系统研究了中国蜉寄蝇属的4个已知种,勺肛蜉寄蝇P.assinilis,锥肛蜉寄蝇P.grandis,直条蜉寄蝇P.normalis和昏暗蜉寄蝇P.obscura;并首次描述了直条蜉寄蝇的雄性和采自我国辽宁本溪的1新种,辽宁蜉寄蝇Phorocera liaoningensis sp.nov.;编制了古北区本属6种雄性检索表.新种区别于近缘种勺肛蜉寄蝇的特征为:第4腹板后缘钝圆,中脉心角至中肘横脉的距离略长于心角至翅后缘的距离,雄性肛尾叶后面观端半部均匀变窄.     

中国贵州长腹寄蝇属三新种记述（双翅目：寄蝇科）

记述采自贵州地区的长腹寄蝇属Dolichocoxys Townsend 3个新种:黄基长腹寄蝇D. flavibasis sp. nov.、黑腹长腹寄蝇D. obscurus sp. nov.和短柄长腹寄蝇D. brevis sp. nov.。文中附所有新种的详细描述、鉴别特征图、近缘关系的讨论及中国长腹寄蝇属分种检索表。新种的模式标本保存于贵州省安顺市疾病预防控制中心医学昆虫研究室。     

大黄鱼精子的超微结构

大黄鱼的精子由头产和尾部两部分组成。头部结构较为独特,其腹侧有一较大的细胞核,背部有中心粒复合体。头部的后端是袖套。细胞核的腹面稍向外突出背面则稍向内凹。细胞核中的染以质浓缩成致密的团块状。团块状的染色质之间分布着松散的纤维状染色质。植入窝位于细胞核的背部表面,由细胞核背面向内凹陷而成,呈一沟状,其走向与精子的长轴平行。     

菱臼齿兽((犭亚)目、哺乳纲)耳区的骨骼结构

本文详细描述了菱臼齿兽耳区各个部分的基本结构;并指出了耳区结构与某些啮齿类的相似性,以及中耳鼓泡组成成份与戈壁(犭亚)兽(Anagale gobiensis)的区别。     

THE BIOLOGY OF THE SOCIAL WASPS (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE)

1. After defining social wasps, an outline is given of their classification and possible evolution. The Vespidae probably arose in the Malayan region at about the beginning of the Tertiary period and spread from there all over the world. They are now highly developed in South America and it is suggested that they may have reached that country over the Behring Straits, probably in two waves, the first of an ancestral Polybiine, the second perhaps of Polistes only. 2. A biief account is given of the architecture of wasps' nests which is often specific to the genus. Nevertheless, there are examples of very similar wasps making very different nests and there does not seem any case for putting an overriding value on nest-architecture in classification. While we know sufficiently well what we have to explain, only a very small beginning has been made in describing and analysing the behaviour which produces the elaborate constructions we find. 3. In the familiar Vespinae the concepts of queen and worker are well defined and the two castes are discontinuous. In genera such as Polistes the position is much more fluid, particularly in the tropical species in which it is not necessary to have a queen specialized for hibernation. Some time after nest-production, however, a queen becomes recognizable, though often more by her behaviour than by her structure. In the Polybiini, queens and workers are sometimes well differentiated and sometimes not; but in most genera and species there is more than one queen in a nest. Other types of females not so well defined and of uncertain significance also occur. In temperate climates new colonies are founded by one or a few queens; in the tropics most colonies are founded by swarms of queens and workers. 4. The main differences between queens and workers seem to be determined in the larval stage, perhaps by some secretion administered by the adults, but clearly influenced by other factors as well. The full behavioural differences between the castes are often finally established by social interactions between the adults. 5. Males tend to be produced towards the end of the life of short-lived colonies or towards the end of the reproductive cycles of longer-lived colonies. There is need for more information about in- or out-breeding patterns, particularly in relation to specific differences in the degree of sexual dimorphism. 6. Very few pheromones are recognized with certainty and only one, the queen-substance of Vespa orientalis, has been identified chemically. However, some species produce a substance from the female sixth gastral sternite (Van der Vecht's organ) which at least in one genus is an ant-repellent. Some genera of Polybiines have a somewhat similar gland on the fifth sternite which may be connected with caste-differentiation. Some wasps (Vespula) produce a footstep pheromone concerned with the recognition of the nest entrance and there is less good evidence for the existence of significant substances in the saliva of workers and in their poison glands (alarm substance). 7. Trophallaxis, or the supply of salivary secretion by the larvae to adults more or less in exchange for the food provided from outside by the foragers, seems to be essential to the colonies of Vespa since the adults have no proteases. Trophallaxis also occurs in some Polistinae but its significance there is not known. 8. Social hierarchies of ‘peck orders’ are always established amongst the adults of Polistes and play a part in determining which of several potential queens becomes the acting one. They are also important in establishing the relations of the queen to the workers and of the latter amongst themselves. A similar hierarchy occurs in Belono-gaster. Some sort of hierarchy also exists amongst adult Vespula and is probably important in relation to trophallaxis, but the hierarchies must become less definite in large colonies with hundreds of individuals, especially if there is more than one queen. 9. The principal hurdle in the evolution of social behaviour is the establishment of genes which determine that some females lay most or effectively all of the eggs while others nurse, build and forage. This evolution may only be possible amongst females which are so closely related that their genomes are almost identical. In this connexion we need much more direct field evidence on the dispersal of queens, on mating systems and the incidence of multiple insemination. It appears that, once true social life is established, considerable diversification in nest architecture and social organization may happen relatively rapidly, probably much influenced by various ecological pressures, especially predation. 10. A number of species of Vespula, Vespa and Polistes have become social parasites, in the first and the last cases without a worker caste. This seems like a wrong turning taken in the course of the normal evolution of the queen-worker relationship. 11. A brief account is given of the attempts to provide a theoretical framework for the population dynamics of wasp-colonies. 12. An account is given of the relations of wasps, chiefly as foragers, with plants and with other animals.     

THE CLADISTICS OF IDEAS (LEPIDOPTERA, DANAINAE)

Abstract— Males of Idea tambusisiana , previously unstudied, lack the only known unequivocal synapomorphy associating the constituent members of Idea . Further cladistic analyses were performed on an expanded data matrix containing two characters alternatively coded in binary and multistate form. Two topologies were obtained of which one, in which I. tambusisiana remains internal to the genus, is accepted following consideration of information content and assessment of the supporting character states. A character analysis is also performed in which the problem of ambiguous charater state assignments to the internal nodes of the cladogram is examined. Biogeographic implications of the results are discussed with respect to areas of endemism in southeast Asia, the origin of Sulawesi (Celebes), and vicariance/dispersal models intended to explain the distribution of Idea species in relation to the Makassar Strait.     

丹江口水库马口鱼肠道寄生蠕虫群落结构

从2004年8月到2005年11月在丹江口水库调查的847尾马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)肠道内共获得寄生蠕虫14种,其中线虫7种,复殖吸虫4种,棘头虫2种,绦虫1种。该寄生蠕虫群落以广谱性寄生虫为主。杜父鱼驼形线虫(Camallanus cotti)、鱊头槽绦虫(Bothriocephalus acheilognathi)、卡斯杆咽线虫(Rhabdochona cascadilla)和木村小棘吻虫(Micracanthorhynchina motomurai)为群落的核心种。研究结果表明,寄生蠕虫群落随着马口鱼的体长和食性的改变而发生显著的变化。群落核心种的感染强度与马口鱼体长呈显著相关关系。种间相关性分析表明群落结构呈非随机组合,种间感染强度存在显著的相关性。同时群落种间关系受到马口鱼的体长和食性以及季节变化的显著影响。马口鱼肠道寄生蠕虫群落在宿主较大个体或夏秋季节中更容易形成显著的种间相关性。     

THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE ABDOMINAL SENSE ORGANS OF PTERIOMORPHA (MOLLUSCA, BIVALVIA)

An ultrastructural study of the abdominal sense organs (ASO)of nine species, representing all three groups Of Pteriomorpha(Mytilina, Arcina, Pteriina), is offered. In all species investigated the sensory epithelium is high (40–130µm) and possesses two predominant cell types: (a) electron-densesupporting cells with microvilli only, pigment granules, andoval distal nuclei; (b) sensory cells with round proximal nucleiand electron-lucent plasma. Their narrow processes, always bunched,reach the surface bearing long (100–300 µm) stiffcilia. Each cilium has a polarized, orientated basal foot andseveral strong roots and is surrounded by nine specialized "stereo-microvilli"forming a basal plate in connexion with the basal body. Basalcontact of the sensory cells with nervous tissue proves theirreceptive nature. Structural uniformity as well as identical innervation provideevidence for the homology of the ASO in all Pteriomorpha. Thereis no homology between sensory cells and the similar, so-called"choanocyte-like cells".