湖北省神农架蚋属一新种(双翅目,蚋科)

记述采自神农架自然保护区蚋科昆虫1新种.根据雌虫盾片无斑纹,爪简单,雄虫生殖肢端节具基突,生殖腹板无齿,蛹具3对呼吸丝等特征,新种隶属于蚋属蚋亚属Simulium(Simulium)的块根蚋组tuberosum-group.新种依其雄虫生殖腹板呈亚箭形的特殊性状,雌虫食窦弓具中突及蛹头胸毛多分支呈刷状等综合特征,可与蚋属已知种包括该组的近缘种相区别.正模♀,副模,1♀,1♂,9蛹,4幼虫,均采自神农架山溪急流的石块上.模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.     

中国四川碧峰峡蚋属一新种(双翅目,蚋科)

记述碧峰峡蚋属蚋亚属Simulium(Simulium)多条蚋组multistritum-group 1新种.模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.碧峰峡蚋,新种S.(S.) bifengxiaense sp. nov.（图1～16）隶属于蚋属蚋亚属多条蚋组.主要特征是雄虫生殖腹板梨形, 后缘钝圆,具舌状腹突和众多细毛.根据这一独具特征结合其它虫态的综合特征可与该组已知近缘种相区别.正模♀;副模：5♀♀,7 ♂ ♂,21蛹,9幼虫.四川碧峰峡（30°09′N,102°99′E;海拔1 150m）,2003-09-10,黄丽、张春林采.词源：新种种名源自模式标本产地地名.     

湖南省蚋属一新种记述

记述蚋属1新种即衡山蚋Simulium(Simulium)hengshanense sp.nov.,该种的主要特征是雄性生殖腹板后缘具乳状中突;雌性生殖板具条带状端突.雄虫近似香港蚋S.(S.)taipokouense和鞍阳蚋S.(S.)ephippioidum,雌虫近似马来西亚的毛丝蚋S.(S.)grossifilum,但前两种生殖腹板鞍形,后一种蛹呼吸丝特化而膨胀并被有众多小毛.与新种有明显的种间差异.     

中国贵州宽阔水自然保护区蚋相初报及三新种描述(双翅目,蚋科)(英文)

首次记载贵州省宽阔水自然保护区蚋科Simuliidae14种,并记述其中3新种,包括遵义蚋Simulium(Simulium)zunyiense sp.nov.和新尖板蚋Simulium(Simulium)neoacontum sp.nov.以及隶属于山蚋亚属Simulium(Montisimulium)的离板山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)separatum sp.nov.。模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。遵义蚋,新种S.(S.)zunyiense sp.nov.(图1～13)隶属于蚋亚属杂色蚋组variegatum group,与本组已知近缘种主要区别在雄尾结构,如生殖肢端节,生殖腹板和中骨的形状特殊。正模♂,贵州遵义市宽阔水自然保护区(28°12’N,107°18’E;海拔1483m),2010-09-20,修江帆,陈黔采。词源:新种种名源自模式产地。新尖板蚋,新种S.(S.)neoacontum sp.nov.(图14～19)隶属于蚋亚属淡足蚋组malyschevi group,与尖板蚋S.(S.)acontum Clen et al.,近似,但雄虫生殖肢端节,生殖腹板和中骨的形状迥异,此外,其呼吸丝排列方式也有明显差异。正模♂,贵州宽阔水自然保护区让水(28°17’N,107°08’E;海拔682m),2010-08-13,修江帆采。词源:新种种名源自其形态极似尖板蚋S.(S.)acontum,冠以"neo"以示区别。离板山蚋,新种S.(Montisimulium)separatum sp.nov.(图20～28)隶属于山蚋亚属Subgenus Montimulium与绒丝山蚋S.(M.)nemoriragum(Datta,1973)近似,主要区别是雌虫生殖板内缘远离,蛹呼吸丝背对具短茎。此外,幼虫头扇毛和肛鳃次生叶数目也有明显差异。正模♀,贵州宽阔水自然保护区大洞(28°12’N,107°18’E;海拔1483m),2010-08-20,修江帆,陈黔采。词源:新种种名源自其雌虫生殖板内缘分离。     

宁夏回族自治区纺蚋亚属鹿蚋组一新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记述蚋属Simulium纺蚋亚属Nevermannia鹿蚋组ruficorne group 1新种,该组的鉴别特征是雄性生殖腹板具中龙骨突,此乃该组首次以我国为模式产地的新种,标本采自宁夏回族自治区,以模式产地命名。其主要特征是幼虫上颚具附点,蛹茧具长背中突,雄虫生殖腹板蝶形,据上述综合特征可与该组已知其它近缘种相区别。     

A SURVEY OF BLACKFLIES WITH THREE NEW SPECIES FROM KUANKUOSHUI, GUIZHOU, CHINA (DIPTERA, SIMULIIDAE)

首次记载贵州省宽阔水自然保护区蚋科Simulüdac 14种,并记述其中3新种,包括遵义蚋Simulium(Simulium)zwunyiense sp.nov.和新尖板蚋Simuium(Simulium)neoacontum sp.nov.以及隶属于山蚋亚属Simulium(Montisimulium)的离板山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium separatum sp.nov..模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.遵义蚋,新种S.(S) zunyiense sp.nov.(图1～13)隶属于蚋亚属杂色蚋组variegatum group,与本组已知近缘种主要区别在雄尾结构,如生殖肢端节,生殖腹板和中骨的形状特殊.正模♂,贵州遵义市宽阔水自然保护区( 28°12′N,107°18′E;海拔l 483 m),2010-09-20,修江帆,陈黔采.词源:新种种名源自模式产地.新尖板蚋,新种S.(S.) neoacontum sp.nov.(图14 ～19)隶属于蚋亚属淡足蚋组malyschevi group,与尖板蚋S.(S.) acontum Clen et al.,近似,但雄虫生殖肢端节,生殖腹板和中骨的形状迥异,此外,其呼吸丝排列方式也有明显差异.正模♂,贵州宽阔水自然保护区让水( 28°17＇N,107°08′E;海拔682 m),2010 08-13,修江帆采.词源:新种种名源自其形态极似尖板蚋S.(S.) acontum,冠以“neo”以示区别.离板山蚋,新种S.(Montisimulium)separatum sp.nov.(图20 ～28)隶属于山蚋亚属Subgenus M.ontinulium与绒丝山蚋S.(M.)nemoriragum(Datta,1973)近似,主要区别是雌虫生殖板内缘远离,蛹呼吸丝背对具短茎.此外,幼虫头扇毛和肛鳃次生叶数目也有明显差异.正模♀,贵州宽阔水自然保护区大洞( 28°12＇N,107°18＇E;海拔1 483 m),2010-08-20,修江帆,陈黔采.词源:新种种名源自其雌虫生殖板内缘分离.     

四川蚋属二新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记述了采自四川省泸定县的蚋属蚋亚属2新种,尖板蚋Simulium(Simulium)acontum sp.nov.和矛板蚋Simulium(Simulium)lonchatum sp.nov.前者隶属于淡足蚋组malyschevi-group,后者隶属于杂色蚋组variegatumgroup,二者均以雄虫生殖腹板的形态特征命名.模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.     

广西绳蚋二新种(双翅目,蚋科)

记述广西壮族自治区蚋属绳蚋亚属2新种,元宝山绳蚋S.(G.)yuanbaoshanense sp.nov.和龙胜绳蚋S.(G.)longshengense sp.nov.,二者均以采集地命名.模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.元宝山绳蚋,新种S.( G.)yuanbaoshanense sp.nov.(图1～14)新种雄虫后足基跗节不膨胀,两侧平行,隶属于巴托绳蚋组batoense group.与报道自爪哇的巴托绳蚋S.(G.)batoense Edwards和产自我国的金鞭绳蚋S.(G.)jinbianense Zhang and Chen近缘.但新种依其雄虫尾器的形状、蛹呼吸丝的分支情况及幼虫后颊裂端圆等特征与前者有明显的差异.而股、胫节无鳞状毛、胫节无亚基黑环及雌虫生殖叉突后臂无侧突,可与后者相区别.正模♀,副模2(♂)(♂),7蛹,3幼虫,均采自广西元宝山溪流水草中.龙胜绳蚋,新种S.(G.)longshengense sp.nov.(图15～27)根据新种雄虫后基跗节不膨胀,也隶属于绳蚋亚属的batoense组(Takaoka and Davies,1995,1996).与报道自中国的海南绳蚋S.(G.)hainananse Long and An近似.二者蛹的特征几乎无区别,但新种雄虫生殖肢端节和腹板的形状,各足股节具暗色鳞状毛;幼虫后颊裂端圆,腹节无暗色分支毛,可资鉴别.正模♀,副模3蛹,1幼虫采自广西龙胜县三门山溪背阳水草中;3蛹,1幼虫采自广西十万大山小溪水草中.     

海南岛纺蚋亚属和蚋亚属二新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记述海南岛蚋属2新种。琼州纺蚋Simulium(Nev—ermannia) qiongzhouense sp．nov．和天池蚋Simulium(Simulium) tianchi sp．nov．。琼州纺蚋与其近缘种的主要区别是生殖腹板后缘具明显的中突和中骨骨化部末端分叉;天池蚋的主要特征是蛹鳃器基部具坑状器,与其近缘种的主要区别是雌虫足的颜色,雄虫生殖腹板和中骨的形状,蛹腹节7～9背板具栉刺列和幼虫肛鳃每叶分5个副叶。     

湖北省神农架蚋类记要并记述二新种(双翅目,蚋科)

报告湖北省神农架蚋类并记述蚋属2新种,模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。 红坪蚋．新种S．（S．）hongpingense sp．nov．（图1～14） 新种隶属于蚋亚属灰额蚋组griseifrons-group。与福州蚋、优分蚋极为相似,但可根据下列综合特征如蛹茧具前侧窗,特殊的盾饰,以及雄虫生殖腹板和中骨的形状与上述2近缘种相区别。 正模♀,副模2♂♂,4蛹,3幼虫,幼虫和蛹采自湖北省神农架自然保护区红坪小溪中的水草。 小龙潭蚋．新种S．（S．）xiaolongtanense sp．nov．（图15～29） 新种隶属于蚋亚属多条蚋组multistriatum group．,新种与蚋亚属的崎岛蚋、重庆蚋、钩突蚋、包氏蚋、地记蚋等近缘,然而,可通过雄虫的生殖腹板形状、生殖肢端节无端刺但具短的基内突与近缘种相区别。 正模♀,副模1♀,3♂♂,12蛹及8幼虫,均采自湖北神龙架溪流被水淹没的水草及落叶中。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.