A taxonomìc revision of Hordeum sect. Critesion

Eight taxa are treated, viz. Hordeum pubiflorum ssp. pubiflorum (2n=14), ssp. halophilum (comb. nov.) (2n=14), H. comosum (2n=14), H. jubatum ssp. jubatum (2n = 28), H. jubatum ssp. intermedium (2n = 28), H. lechleri (2n=42), H. procerum (2n=42), and H. arizonicum (2n=42). Information about morphological variation, cytology, and genome relationship, ecology and distribution is presented.     

拟鹅观草属3种植物的核型研究

对禾本科小麦族拟鹅观草属物种Pseudoroegneria geniculata、P.geniculata ssp.scythica和P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera的核型进行了研究.结果显示:P.geniculata和P.geniculata ssp.scythica为四倍体物种,P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera为六倍体物种;P.geniculata、P.geniculata ssp.scythica和P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera的核型公式分别为2n=4x=28=18m(2sat)+10sm(2sat)、2n=4x=28=28m(2sat)和2n=6x=42=36m(6sat)+6sm(2sat);P.geniculata和P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera为2A核型,而P.geniculata ssp.scythica为1A核型.研究表明:3种植物的核型存在差异;P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera的核型为首次报道,其核型明显不同于P.geniculata和P.geniculata ssp.scythica.     

Karyotypes of four wild Paeonia species from Greece

The karyotypes of eight wild Greek Paeonia taxa were studied, viz. P. clusii ssp. clusii (2n = 10, 20), P. clusii ssp. rhodia (2n = 10), P. mascula ssp. mascula (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. hellenica (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. icarica (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. russi (2n = 10), P. peregrina (2n = 20) and P. parnassica (2n = 20). P. mascula and P. clusii have a very similar haploid chromosome complement, x = 5, including three metacentric chromosomes, one submetacentric and one subtelocentric. In the chromosome complements of the tetraploid P. peregrina and P. parnassica the same chromosome types are included but their karyotype differ from those of the former two species by a number of characters. The main karyotype differences are concerned with the size differentiation of the chromosomes which in the case of P. peregrina has resulted in the diploidization of the tetraploid karyotype.
From the individuals examined, six were found to have abnormal karyotypes suggesting chromosomal exchanges. These structural aberrations in which mainly submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes are involved have also been described and discussed.     

Taxonomy and cytology of the genus Ornithogalum (Liliaceae) in East Africa

The following taxa are represented in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda): Ornithogalum donaldsonii (Rendle) Greenway (2n=20), O. gracillimum R. E. Fries, O. tenuifolium Delaroche ssp. sordidum (Bak.) Stedje comb. nov. (2n=16), and O. tenuifolium Delaroche ssp. robustum Stedje ssp. nov. (2n = 12).     

Cytogeography of the South American Turnera sidoides L. complex (Turneraceae, Leiocarpae)

New chromosome number determinations are presented for 48 populations of five subspecies of Turnera sidoides. Chromosome counts in sspp. carnea, holosericea, integrifolia and sidoides confirm previous data while, in ssp. pinnatifida , the numbers 2n=2x = 14 and 2n = 6x = 42 are reported for the first time. The results show that polyploidy is a very frequent phenomenon. Populations are primarily tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28), while diploids (2n = 2x = 14), hexaploids (2n = 6x =42) and octoploids (2rc = 8x = 56) are less frequent. Diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes occur in sspp. carnea and pinnatifida , whereas tetraploids and hexaploids are known in ssp. holosericea. Turnera sidoides ssp. integrifolia shows a polyploid series with ploidy levels from 2x to 8x. The ssp. sidoides appears to be uniformly tetraploid, with the exception of an isolated pentaploid (2rc = 5x = 35). On the basis of these counts and previous reports the geographical distribution of the cytotypes has been determined and related to climatic and ecological factors.     

New taxa and combinations in Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) from Peru and Bolivia

As a result of field work in Peru and Bolivia 1982–83, and herbarium studies, 21 new taxa are described and two new combinations are made in Calceolaria. The following species are described as new: C. sclerophylla, C. arbuscula , and C. crassa of sect. Sa–licifoliae; C. rupestris of sect. Revolutae; C. micans, C. laevis, C. rariflora , and C. concava of sect. Teucriifoliae; C. bullata and C. neglecta of sect. Parvifoliae; C. amoena and C. ramosa of sect. Polyclada; C. pilosa, C. incana, C. hirsuta , and C. cordifolia of sect. Urticopsis; C. cumbemayensis of sect. Lobatae; and C. caespitosa of sect. Scapiflorae. Three new subspecies are described: C. deflexa R. & P. ssp. cuneata and C. salicifolia R. & P. ssp. nigricans of sect. Salicifoliae , and C. hispida Benth. ssp. acaulis of sect. Lobatae. Two new combinations are proposed: C. melissifolia Benth. ssp. pseudoscabra (Edwin) Molau of sect. Teucriifoliae , and C. llamaensis (Edwin) Molau of sect. Anacyrta. The taxon Revolutae is raised to the sectional level, and the sections Polyclada and Parvifoliae are emendated. Chromosome numbers are reported for C. sclerophylla (2n = 36), C. micans (2n = 72), C. laevis (2n = 72), C. melissifolia ssp. pseudoscabra (2n = 36), C. neglecta (2n = 36), C. cumbemayensis (2n = 36), and C. hispida ssp. acaulis (2n = 36).     

Taxonomic studies of the genus Hypoxis in East Africa

East African material of the genus Hypoxis L. has preliminarily been divided into the heterogenous, probably apomictic H. obtusa Burch- complex (2n = 40–50, ca. 75, 76, ca. 85, >86, ca. 92, ca. 98, ca. 108, 130–135, 160–200) and 5 rather homogenous species: H. angustifolia Lam. (2n = 14, 28), H. goetzei Harms (2n = ca. 62), H. kilimanjarica Bak., H. malosana Bak. (2n = 14) and H. macrocarpa Holt & Staubo sp. nov. H. kilimanjarica is divided into ssp. kilimanjarica and ssp. prostrata Holt & Staubo ssp. nov.     

Chromosome numbers of flowering plants from northern Norway and Svalbard

Chromosome numbers of 25 taxa of flowering plants from northern Norway and Svalbard are reported. Four species and one subspecies, Carex halophila F. Nyl. (2n = ca. 78), C. stenolepis Less. (2n = ca. 80), Salicorniapojarkovae N. Sem. (2n = 36), Alnus incano (L.) Moench ssp. kolaensis (Orlova) Love (2n = 28), and Saxifraga svalbardensis D. O. Øvstedal (2n = ca. 64), have not been studied karyologically before. Chromosome numbers of four additional species are reported for the first time from Norway; those of another six species for the first time from northern Norway. The hybrid Salix herbacea L. (2x) x 5. polaris Wahlenb. (6x) is proved tetraploid and may be fertile. A possible hybrid between Saxifraga hyperborea R. Br. and S. rivularis L. was revealed.     

Cytotaxonomische Studien der griechischen Centaurea-Arten,Sektion Acrocentron (Compositae)

• 1 . Folgende Centaurea-Sippen aus der Sektion Acrocentron werden cytologisch untersucht: C. spruneri ssp. minoa (2n = 110), C. spruneri ssp. guicciardii (2n = 110), C. raphanina ssp. raphanina (2n = 20) und C. raphanina ssp. mixta (2n = 20). Die Chromosomenzahl von C. spruneri ssp. minoa wird erstmals mitgeteilt
• 2 . Die Phylogenie innerhalb der C. spruneri-Gruppe wird kurz diskutiert

     

上海地区若干种栽培植物的染色体数目

本文报道了上海地区栽培的11属12种植物的染色体数目,并就有关的细胞学和分类学问题略作了讨论。凭证标本藏于复旦大学生物系植物标本室。     

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody against active pectate lyase from Erwinia carotovora

A monoclonal antibody (2E2) produced against pectate lyase from Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora reacted with a 41- and a 44-kilodaltion protein on Western blots of concentrated Erwinia culture supernatants resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was unequivocally shown that monoclonal 2E2 reacted with an active form of pectate lyase by affinity purifying the antigen with the monoclonal. The affinity-purified antigen was enzymatically active and moved as a single protein band in a nonequilibrium isoelectric focusing gel. Monoclonal 2E2 reacted with the pectate lyases of a diverse range of E. carotovora ssp. carotovora, ssp. atroseptica, and ssp. betavasculorum strains, as well as with one of three strains of E. chrysanthemi. The electrophoretic mobility of the major protein (44 kilodaltons) that reacted with 2E2 was identical within a subspecies but differed among subspecies.     

TAXONOMY OF ZEA (GRAMINEAE). I. A SUBGENERIC CLASSIFICATION WITH KEY TO TAXA

The genus Zea is here divided into the Sect. Luxuriantes Doebley & litis sect. n., including the perennials Z. diploperennis (2n = 20) and Z. perennis (2n = 40) and the annual Z. luxurians (2n = 20); and Sect. Zea , including the wild Z. mays ssp.parviglumis and Z. mays ssp. mexicana (both 2n = 20), and Z. mays ssp. mays (2n = 20), the highly domesticated and tremendously variable derivate of the latter. This division is verified by a multivariate analysis of a large number of morphological characters of the male inflorescence. Cytogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence supports the morphological conclusions. A consideration of the phylogeny of Zea within the conceptual framework offered by this new sectioning of the genus points convincingly to annual teosinte (Z. mays ssp. mexicana) as the ancestor of cultivated maize.     

荞麦野生种的核型及进化特征分析

荞麦起源于我国西南地区,该地区分布着丰富的荞麦野生种,剖析野生荞麦的核型特征对荞麦进化和育种研究具有重要的意义。本研究以甜荞近缘种、硬枝万年荞、疏穗小野荞、细柄野荞、齿翅野荞为试验材料,采用常规压片法进行核型鉴定。结果表明:甜荞近缘种、硬枝万年荞和疏穗小野荞都为二倍体,核型公式分别为2n=2x=16=12M+4m(2SAT)、2n=2x=16=16M、2n=2x=16=14M+2m(2SAT),而细柄野荞和齿翅野荞为四倍体,核型公式分别为2n=4x=32=32M、2n=4x=32=30M+2m(2SAT)。甜荞近缘种和硬枝万年荞核型属1A型,疏穗小野荞、细柄野荞和齿翅野荞核型属1B型,并且甜荞近缘种、疏穗小野荞和齿翅野荞都有1对随体染色体。研究证明,荞麦野生种染色体的基数为8,有二倍体和四倍体野生荞麦。通过比较分析,硬枝万年荞在进化地位上比较原始,齿翅野荞是比细柄野荞较进化的四倍体荞麦野生种。     

Physical mapping of the 5S and 45S rDNA in teosintes

The physical locations of the 5S and 45S rDNA sequences were examined in three types of teosinte, Zea mays ssp. mexicana (2n = 20), Zea diploperennis (2n = 20) and Zea perennis (2n = 40) by biotinylated fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The tested materials only showed one hybridization site of 5S rDNA on their genomes, but they were different in the position of the signals. The hybridization site of Zea mays ssp. mexicana was located on the long arm of chromosome 2, indicating that it is the same as the cultivated maize in the position of 5S rDNA, while the sites of Zea diploperennis and Zea perennis were on the short arms of other chromosomes. For 45S rDNA, one hybridization site was detected at secondary constriction region of the satellite chromosomes in Zea mays ssp. mexicana and Zea diploperennis, while in Zea perennis, besides the site located at the secondary constriction region, a second site on the short arm of another chromosome pair was observed. Our results provide additional evidence for Zea mays ssp. mexicana being a subspecies of Zea mays.     

Karyotype Analysis of Hippophae L. in China

The present paper reports karyotypes in 4 species and 5 subspecies of Hippophae L. in China. It is found that all of the species and subspecies are diploid, with 2n=24, their complements are made of m and sm chromosomes and of them only H. thibetana has a pair of satellites. All of these karyotypes are symmetrical and primitive. It can be simplied as follows: Hippophae neurocarpa 2n = 2x = 24 = 18m+6sm, H. thibetana 2n = 2x = 24 = 14m (2sat)+ 8sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. gyantsensis 2n=2x=24= 18m+ 6sm, H. salicifolia 2n = 2x = 24 = 10m + 14sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. sinensis 2n=2x= 24 = 18m + 6sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. turkestanica 2n = 2x = 24 = 20m + 4sm; Hi. rhamnoides L. ssp. yunnanensis 2n = 2x = 24 = 14 + 10sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. mongolica 2n = 2x = 24 = 16m + 8sm.     

The Asplenium trichomanes complex in East Central Sweden

An investigation of the Asplenium trichomanes complex in some Swedish provinces is presented. The study comprises ssp. trichomanes 2n = 72, ssp. inexpectans 2n = 72, ssp. quadrivalens 2n = 144 and a triploid hybrid 2n = 108. The ssp. inexpectans is reported from Sweden for the first time. It is previously only known from Central and Southern Europe. It was found to be about as common as the other two subspecies occurring in Sweden.     

Meiotic pairing behaviour reveals differences in genomic constitution between Hystrix patula and other species of the genus Hystrix Moench (Poaceae, Triticeae)

Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations were carried out to evaluate the genomic relationships among species of Hystrix Moench and to study the relationships between Hystrix species and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng (2n=2x=14, Ns^h). Meiotic pairing in hybrids of Hystrix duthiei ssp. duthiei × P. huashanica (2n=3x=21), Hystrix duthiei ssp. longearistata × P. huashanica (2n=3x=21) and H. patula × P. huashanica (2n=3x=21) averaged 5.18, 5.11 and 0.29 bivalents per cell, while H. patula × H. duthiei ssp. longearistata (2n=4x=28) averaged 25.36 univalents and 1.32 bivalents per cell, respectively. The results indicate that (i) H. duthiei ssp. duthiei and H. duthiei ssp. longearistata have one set of Ns genome from Psathyrostachys; (ii) H. patula has no Ns genome; (iii) genomes of H. duthiei ssp. duthiei and H. duthiei ssp. longearistata are non-homologous to those of H. patula. The genomic relationships between H. patula and other Hystrix species are also discussed.     

Chromosome numbers in plant taxa endemic to the Balearic Islands

Mitotic chromosome numbers are reported from 20 vascular plant taxa that are endemic to the Balearic Islands and poorly known cytogenetically. The chromosome numbers of Arenaria grandiflora L. ssp. glabrescens (Willk.) G. López & Nieto Feliner (2 n  = 44), Dianthus rupicola Viv. ssp. bocchoriana L. Llorens & Gradaille (2 n  = 30), Solenopsis minuta (L.) C. Presl. ssp. balearica (E. Wimm.) Meikle (2 n  = 28), Romulea asumptionis Font Quer & Garcías Font (2 n  = 56), Scutellaria balearica Barceló (2 n  = 22) and Galium balearicum Briq. (2 n  = 22) have been determined for the first time. A new chromosome number was found in two populations of Helictotrichon crassifolium (Font Quer) Holub (2 n  =  c. 98) suggesting that this species is a high polyploid (14 x ), in contrast to an earlier report of a lower chromosome count (2 n  = 12 x  = 84). Cytogenetic observations suggest that Naufraga balearica Constance & Cannon has a diploid chromosome complement of 2 n  = 20, with 0–2 accessory chromosomes. The banded karyotype (chromomycin A₃) of Crepis triasii (Cambess.) Fries was determined for individuals belonging to eight populations from three islands. Two chromomycin A₃-positive regions were recorded in the diploid complement. These are present on the telomeric regions of the shortest subtelocentric chromosomes. This species is karyologically stable in chromosome number, karyotype and fluorochrome-banding pattern among populations from separate islands.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 148 , 219–228.