四眼斑水龟雌性生殖器官组织结构的季节变化

应用石蜡常规切片,HE染色,分别在3月（春季）、8月（夏季）、10月（秋季）、1月（冬季）,对24只四眼斑水龟雌性生殖器官组织结构变化进行研究,结果表明：四眼斑水龟雌性生殖器官的形态和结构存在季节性的变化,8月卵泡开始发育,卵巢增重,子宫腺增多;10月卵巢增重达最大,卵泡发育成熟开始排卵,随后形成黄体,进入排卵期。翌年的1～3月卵巢重量减轻,输卵管管腔增大,腺体增多,子宫肌层不断增厚,进入产卵期。     

四眼斑水龟卵泡和卵的超声波扫描研究

使用超声波技术检测了6只雌性四眼斑水龟的卵黄卵泡(包括生长卵泡和排卵前卵泡)、闭锁卵泡和输卵管卵的大小和数量.结果 表明:四眼斑水龟卵巢卵黄卵泡数目和大小呈明显的周期性变化,检测到的卵黄卵泡长径范围为4～24 mm(n=186).8月份卵泡数目开始增多,卵泡长径逐渐增大,至12月份排卵前期卵泡数量达最大值,卵巢发育成熟.排卵前期卵泡长径范围为19～24 mm(n=56),最大排卵前期卵泡出现于12月.排卵时间是1月至3月.闭锁卵泡长径范围在10～20 mm(n=14)之间,仅在10月至次年3月能检测到少数的闭锁卵泡.     

海南岛黎母山四眼斑水龟对春季生境的选择性

2004年3—4月,在海南岛黎母山采用系统抽样法对四眼斑水龟春季生境选择进行了初步研究。在海拔170～1170m设196个研究样点,共1392个笼捕日。其中在海拔170～470m的26个布笼点共捕获四眼斑水龟36只,而在海拔470～1170m未捕获到四眼斑水龟。采用Kruskal Wallis检验,对海拔500m以下四眼斑水龟利用样地(n=26)和海拔500m以上的对照样地(n=26)的生态因子差异显著性进行检验。结果表明,两类样地的海拔、植被类型、植被盖度、落叶厚度、土壤类型、坡度、水面宽、水深、水面流速、基底类型、露石率、食物丰度、干扰距离13个生态因子差异均显著,仅石洞数目差异不显著。说明海拔500m以上和以下的环境差异较大。主成分分析结果表明,影响四眼斑水龟生境选择的主要生态因子依次为海拔、干扰距离、植被盖度、土壤类型、水深和落叶厚度。而植被类型、食物丰度、露石率、基底、石洞数目、坡度、水面宽和水面流速8个生态因子的影响不明显。保护好近河岸植被和提高当地群众对龟类的保护意识对四眼斑水龟的保护十分重要。     

四眼斑水龟个体大小和体形的两性异形

研究龟鳖的两性异形对理解形态适应具有重要意义。通过测量41只(21♀,20♂)成体四眼斑水龟(Sacalia quadriocellata)的20个形态特征指标,研究四眼斑水龟个体大小和体形的两性异形。结果表明:除头长、头宽、尾长和尾长肛前段长外,四眼斑水龟其他的形态特征均与背甲长呈正相关。雌性的背甲长、腹甲长、腹甲中线长、腹甲曲线长显著大于雄性;雄性的头长、头宽、后肢长、尾长和尾长肛前段长显著大于雌性;雌雄两性的体重、体周长、前肢长、腹甲宽、肛盾切口长、肛盾切口宽以及除背甲长外的所有背甲形态特征指标均无显著差异。研究结果表明,四眼斑水龟存在个体大小和体形两性异形。     

Fertility in the male gorilla (Gorilla gorilla): Relationship to semen parameters and serum hormones

Circulating levels of steroid and protein hormones were measured in 17 adult male lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). The population included both fertile and infertile males as identified by previous siring of offspring and presence or absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate obtained by rectal probe electrostimulation. Correlations were sought between levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, estrone, estradiol, progesterone, 170H-progesterone, dihydroepiandrosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and potential fertility status. The results identify normal circulating levels of these hormones, and indicate that aspermatogenesis and infertility are not necessarily associated with any alteration in levels of gonadal steroids. There is an association of aspermatogenesis with elevation of FSH. Levels of adrenal androgens are more similar to other non-human primates than to the human, which is of interest because in other aspects of reproductive physiology so far investigated the gorilla has proved to resemble the human more closely than it does the other nonhuman primates.     

四眼斑龟消化、呼吸系统的解剖

解剖测量了 8只成年四眼斑龟的消化系统和呼吸系统 ,结果表明 :消化管总长 ( 6 0 4 3± 99.2 )mm ,为背甲长的 3 75～ 5 77倍。舌不能伸缩 ;食管扩展性强 ;胃呈囊状 ,被肝叶覆盖 ;小肠较长 ,为消化的主要场所 ,约占消化道总长的 4 8% ;盲肠不发达。肝较大 ,重约 ( 14 12± 8 2 4 )g ,分左、中、右三叶 ,占体重的 6 %左右 ,绿色胆囊位于右叶小肝内 ;胰腺长条形 ,分布于十二指肠肠系膜内。肺长囊形 ,内壁有复杂的间隔 ,把内腔分隔成蜂窝状小室 ,紧贴在背甲的内表面 ,位于肩带和腰带之间 ;气管较长 ,由 6 5～ 85个软骨环连接而成 ;支气管较短 ,由 30～ 4 0个软骨环连接而成     

光周期对四眼斑水龟繁殖影响

为探讨光周期对四眼斑水龟(Sacalia quadriocellata)繁殖的影响,于2008年10月至2009年9月对其进行光周期实验.将39只成体分成短光照组、长光照组和对照组,每个组别中样本量均为7♀、66.每月用超声波技术对雌性个体进行卵泡数量、大小的检测,并用X光投射法确定硬壳卵数;每半月对雄性进行录像观察.结果表明:三个实验组卵泡数量和卵泡大小表现出明显的周期性,原始卵泡从8月份开始生长发育,卵泡数量在11月份最多,尺寸在12月份也达到最大值;光周期对雌性卵泡数量和卵泡大小的发育有影响,短光照组检测到的总卵泡数高于长光照组和对照组,其中短光照组卵泡数与对照组卵泡数差异显著(P＜0.05),长光照组卵泡尺寸相对于另外2个实验组显著变小(P＜0.01);光周期对雌性产卵数和雄性发情强度无影响(P＞0.05).光周期对四眼斑水龟雌雄个体性腺发育的作用不同,缩短光照对雌性繁殖有促进作用,延长光照对雄性发情强度在特定阶段具有一定促进作用.     

Seasonal Changes in the Behavior and Plasma Titers of Various Hormones in Barheaded Geese,Anser indicus

A number of behavioral and physiological parameters including the circulating levels of 7 hormones were investigated in a free ranging population of barheaded geese in Seewiesen, W. Germany. Behavioral data were collected on the entire flock from which seasonal changes in the frequencies were determined. In addition, data on the behavior of individuals were obtained to aid in the comparison of seasonal changes in behavior and hormones. The resulting curves were used to examine whether the annual changes in the frequencies of various behaviors were related to changes in circulating hormonal concentrations. Lastly, the physiological data were discussed with regard to reproductive biology in birds.     

Seasonal Patterns of Adrenomedullary Hormones and Glycemia in the Soft-Shelled Turtle Lissemys punctata punctata

The aim of the present study was to acertain the seasonal pattern of adrenomedullary hormones and of glycemia in Lissemys turtles. Both the norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations as well as blood glucose levels varied seasonally which began to rise from February, became maximum during April–May (early summer), declined during June–September (late summer) and were extremely low subsequently (October–January). The seasonal adrenomedullary hormonal and glycemic cycles however do not coincide with the annual ovarian cycle, thereby indicating that the adrenomedullary and glycemic cycles are out of phase with the ovarian cycle in turtles. The possible mechanisms of seasonality of the adrenal medulla and glycemia are discussed.     

Seasonal Patterns of Adrenomedullary Hormones and Glycemia in the Soft-Shelled Turtle Lissemys punctata punctata

The aim of the present study was to acertain the seasonal pattern of adrenomedullary hormones and of glycemia in Lissemys turtles. Both the norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations as well as blood glucose levels varied seasonally which began to rise from February, became maximum during April-May (early summer), declined during June-September (late summer) and were extremely low subsequently (October-January). The seasonal adrenomedullary hormonal and glycemic cycles however do not coincide with the annual ovarian cycle, thereby indicating that the adrenomedullary and glycemic cycles are out of phase with the ovarian cycle in turtles. The possible mechanisms of seasonality of the adrenal medulla and glycemia are discussed.