利用人工饲料养蚜虫的技术

对利用人工饲料饲养蚜虫的方法、人工饲料类型及其组成做了介绍．概述了利用人工饲料饲养蚜虫的效果．并结合献报道和作本人经历．讨论了影响蚜虫人工饲料饲养效果的关键因子及改进方法。     

棉铃虫的紫云英-麦胚人工饲料

用不同人工饲料连续饲养棉铃虫Heliothis armtgera;通过试验比较,设计和发展了适合于大量饲养棉铃虫的紫云英-麦胚人工饲料。与自然饲料相比,用这种人工饲料饲养的棉铃虫发育快、存活率高、蛹大、成虫产卵多。已经用紫云英-麦胚人工饲料连续饲养棉铃虫16代,各代幼虫的存活率在85—97%之间,成虫平均产卵1,000多粒,孵化率不低于70%。6龄幼虫对这种人工饲料的利用和转化效率分别是26.7%和65.0%。     

茶尺蠖人工饲料的研究

本报道饲养茶尺蠖(Ectropis obliqua hypulina Wehrli)的5种人工饲料及其饲养方法．5种人工饲料均可用于大规模饲养一代幼虫．其中62号配方可用于续代饲养,在实验室内饲养5代的结果表明。效果良好．在饲料成分的加工．配制及饲养方法等方面．较前人有相当大的改进,因而叶因子用量减少,幼虫历期缩短．用人工饲料饲养的幼虫历期为13-20天。基本接近以茶叶饲养的对照(11—18天)．实验结果还表明饲料含水量．饲养方法．饲养密度和添加饲料的次数不同,对茶尺蠖的生长发育有明显的影响．初龄幼虫用平面培养基倒置饲养和高龄幼虫用片状饲料正置饲养为最佳方法．     

稻纵卷叶螟的人工饲养技术

稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis的人工饲养技术是科研人员顺利开展相关研究工作的前题.稻纵卷叶螟人工饲养所要解决和重视的关键问题是食料和饲养条件.目前主要以天然食料、人工饲料以及2种食料相结合的方法饲养稻纵卷叶螟.而饲养条件,如温湿度、饲养密度、化蛹介质、产卵介质等会对对稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育产生影响.本文对目前我国稻纵卷叶螟人工饲料及人工饲养技术进行综述,有助于厘清该虫人工饲养技术的发展脉络,促进人工饲养技术的改善和提高,推动我国稻纵卷叶螟的研究.     

稻纵卷叶螟的人工饲养技术

稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis的人工饲养技术是科研人员顺利开展相关研究工作的前题.稻纵卷叶螟人工饲养所要解决和重视的关键问题是食料和饲养条件.目前主要以天然食料、人工饲料以及2种食料相结合的方法饲养稻纵卷叶螟.而饲养条件,如温湿度、饲养密度、化蛹介质、产卵介质等会对对稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育产生影响.本文对目前我国稻纵卷叶螟人工饲料及人工饲养技术进行综述,有助于厘清该虫人工饲养技术的发展脉络,促进人工饲养技术的改善和提高,推动我国稻纵卷叶螟的研究.     

稻纵卷叶螟的人工饲养技术

稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis的人工饲养技术是科研人员顺利开展相关研究工作的前题.稻纵卷叶螟人工饲养所要解决和重视的关键问题是食料和饲养条件.目前主要以天然食料、人工饲料以及2种食料相结合的方法饲养稻纵卷叶螟.而饲养条件,如温湿度、饲养密度、化蛹介质、产卵介质等会对对稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育产生影响.本文对目前我国稻纵卷叶螟人工饲料及人工饲养技术进行综述,有助于厘清该虫人工饲养技术的发展脉络,促进人工饲养技术的改善和提高,推动我国稻纵卷叶螟的研究.     

大螟人工饲养技术的初步研究

利用大豆粉、玉米粉、麦胚和鲜茭白等成分配制了大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)的半合成人工饲料,利用该饲料配方,发展了大螟的长期、继代饲养技术,即初孵-2日龄幼虫在茭白上饲养,3日龄-化蛹在人工饲料上饲养。利用该方法连续饲养大螟3代,幼虫的发育历期、蛹重、幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率、卵孵化率和单雌产卵量等生活史参数与在天然饲料茭白上饲养的大螟相比,二者没有任何显著差异。而且利用该方法饲养,成本低、省工省力,能显著减少病原菌的感染。这说明该饲养技术适于大螟种群的长期、继代饲养。     

二化螟人工饲料研究初报

在温度为(29±1)℃,相对湿度为80%~90%的条件下,分别以3种人工饲料和天然饲料(新鲜水稻茎杆)对二化螟Chilo suppressalisWalker进行连续继代饲养。结果表明,3种人工饲料饲养的二化螟幼虫的生长历期、化蛹率、蛹重、蛹期及羽化率等均与天然饲料的基本接近,而且这3种人工饲料配制简便、成本较低,也不易霉变,是3种较为理想的人工饲料。通过第2代和第3代的继代繁殖表明,3种人工饲料和天然饲料饲养的二化螟的发育情况都稍有下降,但3种人工饲料与天然饲料间不存在显著差异。     

棉露尾甲在不同饲料上的生长发育及繁殖力比较

【目的】棉露尾甲Haptoncus luteolus Erichson是棉花和番荔枝科等植物上重要的传粉昆虫,研究其室内人工饲养技术对于开发其传粉价值和以其为对象进行转基因棉花安全性评价等方面具有重要意义。【方法】利用筛选的人工饲料和油菜花粉2种潜在的人工饲料,同时以天然饲料丝瓜花为对照,观察比较棉露尾甲初孵幼虫在3种饲料上的生长发育及羽化为成虫后的繁殖力差异。【结果】棉露尾甲初孵幼虫在3种饲料上发育至成虫的生存曲线无显著差异;与丝瓜花和油菜花粉相比,人工饲料饲养棉露尾甲的幼虫期缩短,蛹期延长;人工饲料饲养的雌成虫羽化后20d内累计产卵量显著高于丝瓜花和油菜花粉处理,且可以维持较长时间的单日高产卵量,从而显著提高繁殖力。【结论】人工饲料饲养的棉露尾甲生物学特征与丝瓜花饲养的相似,但繁殖力显著提高,可以利用人工饲料结合配套的饲养技术进行棉露尾甲的室内长期大量饲养。     

一种简单实用的人工营养液饲养豆蚜的方法

采用经修改的半纯人工饲料配制营养液及自制饲养装置来人工饲养豆蚜Aphis craccivoraKoch。实验结果表明,应用该营养液及自制饲养装置饲养豆蚜)存活率高,且操作简单、饲养装置、条件容易达到,能满足对蚜虫等同翅目昆虫生物测定的要求。     

黄曲条跳甲人工饲养技术改进

通过室内人工饲养建立实验种群,是开展黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata(Fabricius)各种研究的基础,解决其幼虫阶段的人工饲养技术是建立其实验种群的关键。介绍经改进后的黄曲条跳甲室内人工饲养技术,该方法简单易行,可以方便地获取试虫的不同虫态;采用"小菜苗法"和"萝卜薄片堆叠法"室内饲养黄曲条跳甲幼虫,最高存活率可达90%以上。     

An artificial diet for continuous maintenance of Coccinella septempunctata adults (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

An artificial diet was developed for continuous maintenance of ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata) adults. This beetle is an important biocontrol agent for greenhouse crops. Several biological parameters were measured and compared between colonies fed the artificial diet over eight successive generations, and colonies fed aphids. Weight, survival rates from 1st to 4th instar, pupation rate, and emergence rate were similar for both colonies, but the sex ratio (♀:♂) of the artificial diet-fed colony was higher than that of the aphid-fed colony. These results suggest that this artificial diet could meet the basic needs for the successive rearing of C. septempunctata adults. The prepared diet, which is semi-solid, provides suitable moisture for C. septempunctata, and the diet ingredients are inexpensive and relatively easy to prepare. This diet and rearing technique offers a very useful approach for mass production of C. septempunctata.     

In vitro rearing of Ooencyrtus nezarae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae)

Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a polyphagous egg parasitoid of various true bugs, including Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), a major pest of soybean and fruit trees in northeastern Asia. This study was conducted to develop artificial host eggs containing insect haemolymph for mass rearing of O. nezarae. The haemolymph of Chinese oak silkworm (Antheraea pernyi Guérin-Méneville) pupae was found to be most suitable for artificial eggs for the complete development of O. nezarae. Among 764 parasitoid eggs laid in artificial eggs, 49.2% successfully developed to adult parasitoids. The developmental time in artificial eggs was delayed by 3–5 days relative to that observed in natural host eggs; however there was no significant difference in the length of hind tibia between adults that emerged from artificial and natural host eggs. Moreover, new generations that emerged from artificial eggs reproduced on all egg types offered (either natural or artificial eggs). We propose that the artificial eggs developed herein can therefore be an effective means for mass rearing O. nezarae.     

人工饲料与天然饲料饲养条件下烟青虫的生长发育和繁殖力比较

报道饲养烟青虫HelicoverpaassultaGue澖ee的一种人工饲料,比较了烟青虫取食该饲料和天然饲料的主要生物学指标,测定了6龄幼虫对2种食料的转化和利用率。该人工饲料的主要成分是麦胚、黄豆粉、酵母粉和烟叶粉,天然饲料为烟草叶片。结果表明:取食人工饲料的烟青虫幼虫生长发育快,化的蛹较大,成虫寿命长,产卵量大,所产卵孵化率高;取食人工饲料的烟青虫与取食烟草蒴果的相比,前者相对取食量和近似消化率较高,相对生长率无显著性差异。说明烟青虫对该人工饲料有较好的适应性,可以作为繁殖烟青虫的实用饲料。     

Fitness and predation potential of Macrolophus pygmaeus reared under artificial conditions

Abstract The biological parameters of Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur after prolonged rearing in the absence of plant materials were compared with those of conventionally plant‐reared predators. When eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller were provided as food, developmental and reproductive fitness of M. pygmaeus reared for over 30 consecutive generations using artificial living and oviposition substrates was similar to that of predators kept on tobacco leaves. Plantless‐reared fifth instars of the predator also had similar predation rates on second instars of the tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae Blackman, as their peers maintained on plant materials. In a further experiment, predation on aphid prey by fifth instar M. pygmaeus fed one of two egg yolk‐based artificial diets was compared with that of nymphs fed E. kuehniella eggs. Despite their lower body weights, predators produced on either artificial diet killed similar numbers of prey as their counterparts reared on lepidopteran eggs. Our study indicates that artificial rearing systems may be useful to further rationalize the production of this economically important biological control agent.     

朱鹮迁地保护研究

朱鹮（Nipponia mppon）是当今世界最濒危的鸟类之一,现存总数不过 40余只。由于生存环境的改变和种群生命力的脆弱,朱鹮数量急剧下降。中国自1986年开始人工繁殖朱鹮,1992年人工孵化并育活3只幼鸟,这是人工繁殖朱鹮成功的首次记录。这篇文章总结了朱鹮的野外生态,实验室研究及人工饲养、繁殖。     

人工饲料、转Bt水稻及其亲本稻苗饲养下二化螟种群适合度的比较研究

以人工饲料、转Bt水稻"克螟稻"(cry1Ab纯和基因型)及其对照亲本"秀水11"稻苗为供试寄主植物开展二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)1～5龄幼虫的室内饲养试验,以明确不同龄期二化螟种群的生活史参数。试验结果表明:二化螟在低龄时死亡率最高。克螟稻对二化螟各个龄期表现出高抗性,其各个龄期在克螟稻上均不能化蛹,随着龄期的增加二化螟的耐受性增强。以秀水11和人工饲料饲养二化螟对其蛹期、成虫期、单雌产卵量、羽化率的影响无显著性差异,以人工饲料饲养的二化螟蛹重显著高于以秀水11饲养的二化螟的蛹重,蛹重与人工饲料饲养时间呈正相关。与秀水11幼苗相比,人工饲料饲养下有利于二化螟雌虫的分化。     

Influence of predator density,diet and living substrate on developmental fitness of Orius laevigatus

Mass rearing of Orius laevigatus on non‐insect foods could substantially increase the cost‐effectiveness of the production of this biological control agent which is largely based on the use of expensive eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella. In this study, the effect of substrate quality and predator density on nymphal development of O. laevigatus fed on E. kuehniella eggs, honeybee pollen or an egg yolk based artificial diet was assessed using several types of substrates as shelter materials in the rearing containers (wax paper, bean pod or no extra substrate). In general, E. kuehniella eggs proved to be a nutritionally superior food compared to pollen and artificial diet. Pollen supported nymphal development of O. laevigatus better than the artificial diet. Overall, increasing nymphal density resulted in higher mortality, which may be due in part to cannibalism. The addition of a bean pod compensated for the nutritionally suboptimal artificial, but had a negative effect when O. laevigatus was fed on pollen. The non‐insect foods tested could not adequately replace lepidopteran eggs as a food source for O. laevigatus but they may be useful as an alternative food or in a part of the rearing process.