应用滤纸吸附-PCR法和改进的亚克隆方法快速筛选克隆甜橙细胞壁酸性转化酶基因(CS-CWI)

根据GenBank中已知的植物细胞壁转化酶基因的保守区序列设计一对PCR引物,分别以滤纸（吸附有甜橙基因组噬菌体库LB平板的噬菌体）和Top agarose（滤纸吸附后的LB平板）的SM洗脱液为模板,仅通过7次PCR就快速、准确、经济地筛选出CSCWI阳性克隆。提取该阳性克隆的DNA并进行BamHⅠ 和HindⅢ双酶切,通过PCR方法鉴定阳性酶切条带并回收,利用TaqDNA聚合酶的聚合活性和3'末端转移酶活性,改变该片段使其含有3'腺苷酸（A）突出末端,与pUCm-T载体实现了高效连接。阳性噬菌斑克隆及阳性条带的正确性得到测序的验证,表明滤纸吸附-PCR法和改进的亚克隆方法可正确和高效地应用于PCR筛选库和亚克隆。     

苹果液泡酸性转化酶基因片段的克隆及序列分析

在分析植物可溶性转化酶基因的保守区序列基础上,设计了一对PCR引物,以苹果(辽伏)基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增出长约743bp的DNA片段,克隆入pUCm—T载体,测序结果表明,所获得的片段推测为苹果酸性转化酶基因的片段,该基因片段长度为743bp,是开放阅读框的一部分,无内含子。其序列已在GenBank中登记(登记号为AF433644)。在Gen-Bank中进行同源性检索,结果表明该成员编码的氨基酸与植物可溶性酸性转化酶的氨基酸同源性较高,与温州蜜柑(GenBank AF014925)、胡萝卜(X67163)、甜菜(GenBank X81796)和绿豆(GenBank D10265)液泡酸性转化酶基因编码蛋白质的氨基酸分别具有80％、80％、78％和77％的同源性。而与定位于细胞壁的酸性转化酶(不溶性)同源性较低,由此可推测出研究获得的苹果转化酶基因可能定于液泡。该基因片段的获得对于深入研究苹果蔗糖代谢以及果实发育和品质形成具有重要的意义。     

法夫酵母β-胡萝卜素转化酶(Asy)基因的克隆及可溶性表达研究

[目的]从高产虾青素的法夫酵母(Phaffia rhodozyma) 7B12菌株中克隆β-胡萝卜素转化酶基因(β-Carotene converting enzyme gene,asy),并将该基因在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中进行可溶性表达,为深入研究该酶的性质及应用提供基础.[方法]采用cDNA末端快速扩增技术,克隆得到asy基因全长cDNA序列,将其克隆到表达载体pET32a中,通过优化温度和IPTG浓度提高其可溶表达量;进一步在E.coli BL21(DE3)中共表达携带asy基因的重组质粒和pACCAR 16△crtx质粒(携带由乙酰辅酶A合成β-胡萝卜素的基因链),用液相色谱分析共转化菌株中类胡萝卜素种类的变化,鉴定可溶性表达的Asy酶活性.[结果]法夫酵母7B12菌株asy基因的cDNA序列与GenBank能检索到的唯一一条asy基因mRNA序列(Accession No.DQ002007.1)一致性达到97％,该序列总长1 971 bp,最大开放阅读框为1 614 bp,编码538个氨基酸,在E.coli BL21 (DE3)中表达的Asy融合蛋白分子量约为70 kD;条件优化后转化asy基因的重组菌在26℃、0.5 mmol/L IPTG的条件下诱导时,可溶性融合蛋白比例达85％.与pACCAR16△crtx单质粒转化相比,共转化pACCAR 16△crtx及asy基因的菌株类胡萝卜素产物的成分发生了明显的变化,其中α-胡萝卜素的含量明显减少,伴随出现了3种新的色素,根据出峰时间判断其中一种为β-胡萝卜素和虾青素的中间产物——β-隐黄质.[结论]从法夫酵母中克隆得到asy基因,通过优化诱导温度及IPTG浓度等条件提高了该基因在E.coli BL21(DE3)中的可溶性表达量,经鉴定可溶性的Asy融合蛋白具有转化β-胡萝卜素的活性.     

植物酸性转化酶基因及其表达调控

酸性转化酶是蔗糖代谢的关键酶,在植物体中具有重要的生理作用.近十几年来,许多植物酸性转化酶基因已经克隆,其基因表达调控的研究也取得了很大的进展.本文综述了植物酸性转化酶基因及其蛋白结构、基因表达的器官和发育特异性以及糖、受伤、病原、胁迫和激素对基因表达的调节和蛋白抑制因子对酶活性的影响,并讨论了当前在该研究领域存在的问题.     

植物酸性转化酶基因及其表达调控

酸性转化酶是蔗糖代谢的关键酶,在植物体中具有重要的生理作用。近十几年来,许多植物酸性转化酶基因已经克隆,其基因表达调控的研究也取得了很大的进展。本文综述了植物酸性转化酶﹑ 基因及其蛋白结构、基因表达的器官和发育特异性以及糖、受伤、病原胁迫和激素对基因表达的调节和蛋白抑制因子对酶活性的影响,并讨论了当前在该研究领域存在的问题。     

油菜蔗糖转化酶基因的电子克隆和生物信息学分析

运用电子克隆技术获得油菜中一个蔗糖转化酶基因eDNA序列,同时根据此段序列设计引物以油菜eDNA为模板进行扩增。经测序得到证实。采用生物信息学方法,对该基因编码蛋白从氨基酸组成、基本理化性质、跨膜结构域、信号肽导肽、疏水性／亲水性、二级结构、亚细胞定位等方面进行了预测和分析。结果表明：该基因eDNA序列长度为2150bp,包含一个1779bp开放阅读框,编码592个氨基酸;该编码蛋白含有蔗糖转化酶的多个典型的保守结构域。同源比对分析显示,该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥等植物的蔗糖转化酶基因具有高度的相似性,进一步确定该蛋白为蔗糖蛋白酶。研究结果为该基因进一步的实验克隆,表达分析,功能鉴定奠定基础。     

PCR产物克隆方法的新进展

ＰＣＲ产物克隆方法的新进展陈尚武,马涧泉（中山医科大学生化教研室．广州）随着ＰＣＲ技术的发展和普及,克隆ＰＣＲ产物已广泛应用于分子生物学的各个领域。通常ＰＣＲ产物不具有粘端,只能进行平端连接的克隆,由于ＴａｑＤＮＡ聚合酶具有非模板依赖性末端转移酶活性...     

PCR快速筛选重组克隆方法的建立

目的：建立一种PCR技术快速筛选重组克隆的方法。方法：用Triton裂解菌落作为模板,以pMD-18T载体多克隆位点设计的引物与目的基因猪β-INF引物设计不同组合,PCR扩增待检重组克隆。结果：PCR技术快速筛选出猪β-INF重组克隆并鉴定了插入方向。结论：在采用PCR方法直接使用细菌菌落参与反应可以快速筛选重组克隆。     

用衔接头PCR克隆新的胡萝卜Ⅱ型转化酶基因启动子

 为克隆新的胡萝卜 型转化酶基因启动子 ,将胡萝卜基因组 DNA分别用 Pvu 、Eco R 、Dra 和 Sma 酶切 ,酶切片段与一特殊的衔接头连接 .取连接产物作模板 ,以衔接头引物和基因特异引物做 PCR,得到的主要 PCR产物分别为 3.4kb、1 .3kb、0 .4kb和 0 .6kb.将 Eco R -衔接头体系的 PCR产物克隆和测序 ,并将其序列与 Gen Bank中的已知序列进行比较分析 ,发现了一个新的胡萝卜 型转化酶启动子序列 ,它含有类似于 TATA box和 CAAT box的元件 ,在启动子的远上游区域还含有多个 AT富含区 .该启动子的发现对于研究植物中糖代谢具有重要意义 .     

HER2胞外区基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

采用反转录PCR和PCR方法分别克隆P185^HER2/neu胞外区基因和噬菌体M13K07g3p—N1结构域基因,然后将二偶联入pET-22b( )载体中,在大肠杆菌中进行融合表达。可溶性目的蛋白表达量占细菌可溶性表达产物总量的30％72右．并通过镍亲和层析纯化出目的蛋白。以上结果为从噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗P185^HER2/neu的抗体奠定了基础。     

高粱CRY2基因的克隆及其表达分析

从高粱(Sorghum bicolor L．var．R111)幼苗中提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR和cDNA的3′末端的快速扩增方法(3′RACE),第一次克隆了高粱隐花色素2基因(CRY2)的cDNA序列。该序列包括了一个完整的开放阅读框,编码大小为690个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,与水稻、番茄和拟南芥CRY2蛋白质的同源性分别为87％、57％和45．5％。高粱CRY2基因组DNA含有3个内含子和4个外显子。RT-PCR检测结果表明,高粱CRY2基因在根、茎和叶中都有转录。Western blotting结果显示CRY2蛋白在根、茎和叶中表达,并在黑暗中积累,蓝光下降解。高粱CRY2可能在蓝光诱导的幼苗去黄化反应中起作用。     

高梁CRY2基因的克隆及其表达分析

从高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. var.R1ll)幼苗中提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR和cDNA的3'末端的快速扩增方法(3'RACE),第一次克隆了高粱隐花色素2基因(CRY2)的cDNA序列.该序列包括了一个完整的开放阅读框,编码大小为690个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,与水稻、番茄和拟南芥CRY2蛋白质的同源性分别为8 7%、5 7%和45.5%.高粱CRY2基因组DNA含有3个内含子和4个外显子.RT-PCR检测结果表明,高粱CRY2基因在根、茎和叶中都有转录.Western blotting结果显示CRY2蛋白在根、茎和叶中表达,并在黑暗中积累,蓝光下降解.高粱CRY2可能在蓝光诱导的幼苗去黄化反应中起作用.     

PCR Amplification，Cloning and Sequencing of RbcL Coding Region in Mesophyll Cell and Bundle Sheath Cell of Sorghum（Sorghum bicolor L．）

ＰＣＲＡｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ,ＣｌｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄＳｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｎｇｏｆＲｂｃＬＣｏｄｉｎｇＲｅｇｉｏｎｉｎＭｅｓｏｐｈｙｌｌＣｅｌｌａｎｄＢｕｎｄｌｅＳｈｅａｔｈＣｅｌｌｏｆＳｏｒｇｈｕｍ（ＳｏｒｇｈｕｍｂｉｃｏｌｏｒＬ．）ＺＨＡＯＹｉｎ－ｓ...     

高粱SUT基因家族的生物信息学分析

蔗糖转运蛋白(sucrose transporters,SUTs)属于跨膜转运蛋白,大多数参与蔗糖的吸收和转运。迄今为止,对高粱蔗糖转运蛋白知之甚少,为进一步研究高粱蔗糖转运蛋白家族(SbSUTs),本研究利用生物信息学方法对SbSUTs的6个成员(编号SbSUT1~SbSUT6)进行蛋白理化性质、基因结构、蛋白结构、同源性及系统进化树构建等分析。结果表明:SbSUTs是一种无信号肽、定位于质膜和叶绿体类囊膜上的疏水性膜蛋白;SbSUTs均具有GPH结构功能域,是高度保守的蛋白;α-螺旋和无规卷曲是主要的二级结构元件,其三级结构较为相似。本研究为探究SbSUTs蛋白家族在高粱的蔗糖吸收及转运中的功能提供理论依据。     

高粱LEA3蛋白基因和启动子的克隆及序列分析

根据禾本科LEA3基因保守序列设计简并引物,同时结合RACE方法获得高粱LEA3基因全长cDNA序列1032bp,该序列含有一个612bp的阅读框,编码203个氨基酸,包含7个串联的LEA3蛋白的基元序列。通过与玉米、小麦、水稻、大麦的LEA3蛋白序列比较,氨基酸序列同源性分别为73.8%、53.77%、45.63%和53.99%;其编码蛋白理论相对分子量为21.22kD,等电点pI=8.79;蛋白质二级结构预测表明2段α螺旋结构占主导,与目前已知的多种植物的LEA3蛋白具有相似的结构功能域。通过热不对称交错PCR(TAIL PCR)技术获得LEA3基因启动子749bp的DNA序列,该区域包含ABA应答元件、干旱胁迫应答元件、以及胚胎和胚乳特异表达元件;通过PHyML软件构建了禾本科植物LEA3基因ML系统树。这些研究结果为深入了解该基因的功能和高粱抗旱的分子机理提供了基础数据。     

Activation of Soluble Acid Invertase Accompanies the Cytokinin-Induced Source–Sink Leaf Transition

Activation of soluble acid invertase by cytokinin was shown using as a model a detached sugar-beet leaf, one half (sink) of which was treated with benzyladenine and the other half (source) of which was sprayed with water. Acid invertase was assumed to mediate the hormone-induced sink properties of the cells. The influx of ¹⁴C-sucrose to the leaf half treated with benzyladenine was induced to much greater extent than that of potassium (⁸⁶Rb). This suggests different pathways or mechanisms of translocation of these substances to the induced sink.     

Genetic transformation of Sorghum bicolor

Great millet (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is cultivated across the world for food and fodder. It is typically grown in semiarid regions that are not suitable for cultivation of other major cereals. Sexual incompatibility and shortage of available genes in germplasm to combat biotic and abiotic stresses resulted in marginalized yields of this crop. Genetic modification of sorghum with agronomically useful genes can address this problem. Here, we tried to review and summarize the key aspects of sorghum transformation work being carried out so far by various research groups across the world. The approaches used and the obstacles in generating transgenic sorghum are also pointed out and discussed.     

Cloning and characterization of a centromere-specific repetitive DNA element from Sorghum bicolor

 A 823-bp Sau3AI fragment (pSau3A10) was subcloned from a sorghum bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone, 13I16, that contains DNA sequences specific to the centromeres of grass species. Sequence analysis showed that pSau3A10 consists of six copies of an approximately 137-bp monomer. The six monomers were organized into three dimers. The monomers within the dimers shared 62–72% homology and the dimers were 79–82% homologous with each other. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated that the Sau3A10 family is present only in the centromeres of sorghum chromosomes. Sequencing, Southern hybridization, and Fiber-FISH analyses indicated that the Sau3A10 family is tandemly arranged and is present in uninterrupted stretches of up to at least 81 kb of DNA. Slot-blot analysis estimated that the Sau3A10 family constitutes 1.6–1.9% of the sorghum genome. The long stretches of Sau3A10 sequences were interrupted by other centromeric DNA elements. Southern analysis indicated that the Sau3A10 sequence is one of the most abundant DNA families located in sorghum centromeres and is conserved only in closely related sorghum species. Methylation experiments indicated that the cytosine of the CG sites in sorghum centromeric regions is generally methylated. The structure and organization of the Sau3A10 family shared similarities with centromeric DNA repeats in other eukaryotic species. It is suggested that the Sau3A10 family is probably an important part of sorghum centromeres. Received: 11 November 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997     

Cadmium phytoextraction from loam soil in tropical southern China by Sorghum bicolor

The cadmium (Cd) uptake characteristics by Sorghum bicolor cv. Nengsi 2# and Cowley from the acidic sandy loam soil (pH = 6.1) during the entire growth period (100 days) were investigated in pot outdoors in a tropical district of southern China, Hainan Island. The Cd-spiked levels in soil were set as 3 and 15 mg/kg. Correspondingly, the available Cd levels in soil extracted by Mehlich III solution were 2.71 and 9.41 mg/kg, respectively. Basically, two varieties in a full growth period (100 days) did not show a significant difference in their growth and Cd uptake. Under high Cd stress, the plant growth was inhibited and its biomass weight and height decreased by 38.7–51.5% and 27.6–28.5%, respectively. However, S. bicolor showed higher bioaccumulation capability of Cd from soil to plant [bioconcentration factor (BCF)>4], and higher transfer capability of Cd from roots to shoots [translocation factor (TF)>1] under high Cd stress; Cd contents in the roots, stems, and leaves of S. bicolor reached 43.79–46.07, 63.28–70.60, and 63.10–66.06 mg/kg, respectively. S. bicolor exhibited the potential phytoextraction capability for low or moderate Cd-contamination in acidic sandy loam soil.