Cell phones and electronic appliances and devices are inseparable from most people in modern society and the electromagnetic field (EMF) from the devices is a potential health threat. Although the direct health effect of a cell phone and its radiofrequency (RF) EMF to human is still elusive, the effect to unicellular organisms is rather apparent. Human microbiota, including skin microbiota, has been linked to a very significant role in the health of a host human body. It is important to understand the response of human skin microbiota to the RF-EMF from cell phones and personal electronic devices, since this may be one of the potential mechanisms of a human health threat brought about by the disruption of the intimate and balanced host-microbiota relationship. Here, we investigated the response of both laboratory culture strains and isolates of skin bacteria under static magnetic field (SMF) and RF-EMF. The growth patterns of laboratory cultures of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis under SMF were variable per different species. The bacterial isolates of skin microbiota from 4 subjects with different cell phone usage history also showed inconsistent growth responses. These findings led us to hypothesize that cell phone level RF-EMF disrupts human skin microbiota. Thus, the results from the current study lay ground for more comprehensive research on the effect of RF-EMF on human health through the human-microbiota relationship. 相似文献
The influence of vacancies and substitutional defects on the structural and electronic properties of graphene, graphene oxide, hexagonal boron nitride, and boron nitride oxide two-dimensional molecular models was studied using density functional theory (DFT) at the level of local density approximation (LDA). Bond length, dipole moment, HOMO–LUMO energy gap, and binding energy were calculated for each system with and without point defects. The results obtained indicate that the formation of a point defect does not necessary lead to structural instability; nevertheless, surface distortions and reconstruction processes were observed, mainly when a vacancy-type defect is generated. For graphene, it was found that incorporation of a point defect results in a semiconductor–semimetal transition and also increases notably its polar character. As with graphene, the formation of a point defect in a hexagonal boron nitride sheet reduces its energy gap, although its influence on the resulting dipole moment is not as dramatic as in graphene. The influence of point defects on the structural and electronic properties of graphene oxide and boron nitride oxide sheets were found to be mediated by the chemisorbed species. 相似文献
Graphene is the basic building block of 0D fullerene, 1D carbon nanotubes, and 3D graphite. Graphene has a unique planar structure, as well as novel electronic properties, which have attracted great interests from scientists. This review selectively analyzes current advances in the field of graphene bioapplications. In particular, the biofunctionalization of graphene for biological applications, fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer-based biosensor development by using graphene or graphene-based nanomaterials, and the investigation of graphene or graphene-based nanomaterials for living cell studies are summarized in more detail. Future perspectives and possible challenges in this rapidly developing area are also discussed. 相似文献
Chemical functionalization of graphene provides a promising route to improve its solubility in water and organic solvents as well as modify its electronic properties, thus significantly expanding its potential applications. In this article, by using density functional theory (DFT) methods, we have studied the effects of the chemical functionalization of graphenes via aryne cycloaddition on its properties. We found that the adsorption of an isolated aryne group on the graphene sheet is very weak with the adsorption energy of -0.204 eV, even though two new single C-C interactions are formed between the aryne group and the graphene. However, the interaction of graphene with the aryne group can be greatly strengthened by (i) substituting the H-atoms in aryne group with F-, Cl-, -NO(2) (electron-withdrawing capability), or CH(3)-group (electron-donating capability), and (ii) increasing the coverage of the adsorbed aryne groups on the graphene sheet. As expected, the strongest bonding is found on the graphene edges, in which the adsorbed aryne groups prefer to be far away from each other. Interestingly, chemical functionalization with aryne groups leads to an opening of the band gap of graphene, which is dependent on the coverage of the adsorbed aryne groups. The present work provides an insight into the modifications of graphene with aryne groups in experiment. 相似文献
Several future applications have been suggested for the nanomaterial graphene, and its production is increasing dramatically. This study is a review of risk-related information on graphene with the purpose of outlining potential environmental and health risks and guide future risk-related research. Available information is presented regarding emissions, environmental fate, and toxicity of graphene. The results from this study indicate that graphene could exert a considerable toxicity and that considerable emission of graphene from electronic devices and composites are possible in the future. It is also suggested that graphene is both persistent and hydrophobic. Although these results indicate that graphene may cause adverse environmental and health effects, the results foremost show that there are many risk-related knowledge gaps to be filled and that the emissions of graphene, the fate of graphene in the environment, and the toxicity of graphene should be further studied. 相似文献
Due to excellent electronic and optical properties as well as tunable work functions, graphene and graphene‐based materials are highly attractive for applications in enhancement of harvesting solar energy. In particular, they can be used as electron and hole transport materials, buffer layers, and window or/and counter electrodes in solar cells. This research news surveys very recent advances in this emerging field, with emphasis on fundamental understanding of their performance enhancement mechanisms for photovoltaic devices, and discusses future challenges. 相似文献
The functionalization of graphene with transition metals is of great interest due to its wide range of applications, such as hydrogen storage, spintronics, information storage, etc. Due to its magnetic property adsorption of Mn atom on graphene has a high consequence on the electronic properties of graphene. The increase in size of the graphene sheet with hydrogen termination has a high impact on the transformation of electronic properties of the graphene sheet. Hence in this work, we investigate the size as well as change in structural and electronic properties of pristine/defective graphene sheets on adsorption of Mn atom using density functional theory methods. From the results obtained a higher adsorption energy value of 3.04 eV is found for Mn adatom on the defected graphene sheet than the pristine, 1.85 eV. It is subject to the coverage effect which decreases on increasing number of carbon atoms. Moreover, a decrease in energy gap is observed in pristine and defected graphene sheets with a high number of carbon atoms. The density of states illustrates the significant effect for hydrogen termination in the conduction band of the Mn adsorbed graphene sheet with low carbon atoms.