保色昆虫标本制作

保色昆虫标本制作螳螂、蝗虫、蝈蝈等绿色昆虫，很难做出令人满意的干制标本，原因是一般要破腹挖去内脏，这种昆虫标本保存一段时间后往往会变性发黑。为了保色我们利用特殊的处死方法，收到了满意的效果。材料和工具较大的昆虫针１根；大头针１０余根；内铺吸水性能较好...     

昆虫标本安全快速干燥法

在昆虫标本的采集、制作过程中 ,如何防止标本腐烂变质 ,是每个制作标本的人都很关心的问题。5～ 9月 ,是采集昆虫标本的最佳时期 ,然而 ,那一段时间气温往往较高 ,湿度较大。在野外采得的昆虫 ,一般当场经毒瓶杀死后 ,用棉花包包裹保存。身体大的 ,尤其是雌性 ,还要取出内脏。但在高温季节 ,即使这样处理 ,5～ 6小时后 ,标本仍有轻重不等的变质 ,轻则褪色、变色或失去光泽 ,重则发黑、发臭 ,完全报废。在展翅板上整好形的昆虫标本 ,需要进行干燥定型处理。气温较高 ,湿度较低的时候 ,可以采用自然干燥的办法。然而 ,在 1周左右的干燥时期里…     

昆虫标本的制作

掌握好标本的制作方法,可以有效的保存标本的完整性,为研究昆虫学打好物质基础。制作昆虫标本的方法很多。以下介绍几种常用的方法。     

采制昆虫标本方法的一些改进

采集和制作昆虫标本,是初中《生物学》第三部分动物中的一个重要实验。在组织学生进行这个实验时,我们增加并改进了一些内容,收到较好的效果。1　分组活动控制采集数量采集昆虫标本时,将学生分为4人1组,分别使用捕虫网、毒瓶、采制箱和三角包等工具,同时规定对于同一种昆虫每个小组最多只能采集2只,鼓励表扬采集昆虫种类多的小组。这种做法的好处是既使每个学生都参与了活动,又能保护昆虫资源。如果不控制捕虫网和采集的数量,必然造成滥捕,甚至破坏了生态平衡。2　增加其他捕虫网具教材中介绍的捕虫网是捕虫网中的一种,又称空网或抄网,是专…     

浅谈昆虫姿势标本的制作技巧

针对当前昆虫标本制作中存在的一些问题,提出昆虫标本制作在姿态上追求自然"神似",以生动吸引人;在内容上作到主题鲜明、内容丰富,以点带片地全方位展现昆虫的结构与特性,以内容感染人;在形式上,求新求变,针对不同种类的昆虫采用不同的制作方法.以趣味促教学.同时阐述并例证了相关的制作技巧.     

一种鸟卵标本的制作方法

一种鸟卵标本的制作方法鸟卵标本的制法，主要是要将卵的内容物（或胚胎）清除，以防干涸或变质损坏标本。传统的方法是：用玻璃管拉成弯曲的尖咀状的吹卵器，从卵的开孔处将内容物徐徐吹出。对已孵化的卵，则需先用摄于和小钩将胚胎肢解，再轻轻拉出。该法的缺点是：内容...     

对昆虫标本传统制作技术的一些改进

昆虫,作为动物界的一大家族,目前已发现的就多达100多万种,它们不仅是教学、科研的直观教具,也是收藏、美化居室的物品。自上世纪80年代初以来,观赏昆虫已作为一大产业,深入百姓之家了。按照传统昆虫标本制作方法,昆虫标本的制作工艺     

昆虫幼虫储存蛋白

本文对昆虫幼虫血淋巴内一种特殊性质的蛋白－幼虫储存蛋白的命名、生化特性、合成部位、生理作用和体内脂肪体合成、贮存和利用的调节机制等方法的研究进展进行了综述。     

蛇类浸制标本,剥制标本和骨骼标本的制作方法

(一)、蛇类浸制标本制作蛇类动物整体浸制标本是最简单的,整体浸制即是整个动物体、不作解剖,按原来的外部形态整理好姿态,直接浸渍在固体液中保存供教学和陈列展览之用.1、工具、器材和药品量具、注射器、标本瓶和标签。药品需用乙醚[(C2H6)20]作为麻醉剂、福尔马林(CH_2O)作固定保存液。2、标本的选择和处理蛇类的标本材料主要是从野外采集而来,在     

Behaviour of drifting insect larvae

The larval drift behaviour of 23 species representing Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera was investigated in the laboratory using different current regimes. Mayfly nymphs often performed swimming, while caddis larvae were reluctant to do so. Stonefly nymphs were intermediate. In mayflies swimming seemed to be used to reach the substrate as soon as possible. In contrast most stonefly nymphs by swimming prolonged the time spent in the water column. Modes of swimming and sinking posture differed markedly between the orders. Living passively sinking animals often reached bottom faster than dead control specimens, so consequently behaviour did not always express itself in activity. Some caddis larvae spun adherent anchor lines. Differences among taxa seemed more important in explaining swimming activity compared to preferred habitats (as stream, river and lake) in each species. However, observed differences among closely related species indicated subtle differences related to microhabitat to be of profound importance in explaining the alternative behavioural strategies used.     

Development of muscle fibre nuclei in holometabolous insect larvae

The growth and development of the nuclear population from intersegmental dorsal longitudinal muscles (IDLM) of Bombyx mori and Pieris brassicae during larval development were studied. Using whole muscle mounts, examined with an image analysis system, we observed increases in muscle size but a constant number of fibres and concomitant increases in the number and size of fibre nuclei. The gradual growth of the nuclei throughout larval life, corresponding very probably to an increase in their DNA content, is unequal and results in heterogeneity of the nuclear population. This suggests periodic incorporation of myoblasts into the larval muscles; the nuclei arising from these myoblasts would therefore undergo endomitotic processes and grow polyploid. The possibility of somatic reduction divisions of the polyploid muscle nuclei is discussed.     

Visual deprivation and distance estimation in the praying mantis larva

Abstract. Young larvae of the praying mantis, Tenodera sinensis Saussure, were placed on an off-centre island surrounded by a round arena with six black bars painted on a white inner wall. In this situation, it was shown that the horizontal peering movements of the head often seen in mantids are in fact used to measure distances; motion parallax may be involved in this process. Aimed jumps that followed peering were taken to be the distinct result of an absolute distance measurement. Specific visual deprivation such as painting over of certain parts of the eye with opaque black varnish or degeneration of the fovea with sulforhodamine showed that: absolute evaluation of distance is only possible with two fully intact eyes; the peering mechanism is under visual control; and visual experience has a long-term effect on distance measurement involving peering movements.     

无菌容器湿润保存昆虫标本的方法

无菌容器湿润保存制作的昆虫标本虫体柔软 ,形态特征完好 ,克服了传统法制作的昆虫标本脆硬及易断的现象 ,适合于形态分类学研究。同时 ,也为昆虫学交叉学科提供了一种“天然”的试验材料。但此法不适于研究机构的野外综合考察及博物馆的较多昆虫标本保存 ,也不适用于鳞翅目、双翅目等类昆虫标本的制作保存。     

四种昆虫饵料对穴蚁蛉幼虫生长发育及消化利用的影响

选择4种可规模化饲养的昆虫——米蛾Corcyra cephalonica、家蝇Musca domestica、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigu幼虫来饲养穴蚁蛉Myrmeleon sagax(Walker)幼虫(俗称蚁狮),研究这4种饵料对蚁狮生长发育及消化利用的影响。结果显示,用家蝇幼虫饲养的蚁狮,其体重增长、相对生长率、化蛹率、蛹重均显著高于用斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫饲养的蚁狮,而幼虫历期则比斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫饲养的短;用米蛾幼虫饲养,虽然蚁狮体重增长、化蛹率和蛹重与用家蝇幼虫饲养的差异不显著,但其相对生长率却显著低于用家蝇幼虫饲养的蚁狮,幼虫历期也比用家蝇幼虫饲养的明显延长。同时食物消化利用的结果显示,用4种饵料饲养蚁狮,它们的近似消化率差异不显著,但食物利用率和食物转化率均以家蝇幼虫饲养的蚁狮最高。经分析比较,在4种饵料昆虫中,以用家蝇幼虫每4d喂蚁狮1次的饲养效果最佳。     

不同保藏处理的昆虫标本DNA提取及其随机扩增多态DNA反应

实验利用CTAB法对柳二十斑叶甲Chrysomelavigintipunctata (Scopoli)、异色瓢虫HarmoniaaxyridisPollas、七星瓢虫Coc cinellaseptempunctataLinnaeus、小地老虎Agrotisypsilon (Rottemberg)、红蜻CrocothemisserviliaDrury、无齿稻蝗OxyaabentataWil lemse和中华稻蝗Oxyachinensis (Thunberg)等 7种昆虫进行了基因组DNA提取。从自然干燥标本、烘干标本及酒精浸泡标本获得的DNA均可用于RAPD PCR反应 ,且烘干标本、酒精浸泡标本提取效果优于自然干燥标本。这种提取方法简便易行 ,容易掌握 ,且耗资小于其它分子生物学方法。     

Production of ethanol by cultured insect cells

Summary Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H-NMR) Analysis of insect cell culture media used for cultivating insect cell lines derived from the fleshflySarcophaga peregrina, swallowtail butterflyPapilio xuthus, and cabbage armywormMamestra brassicae revealed that ethanol appeared in the medium as the cultures aged. By incorporating [¹³C-1]-glucose into the media, we pursued¹³C-NMR spectrograms to show that the ethanol was derived from glucose. Thus, it became evident that the insect cells culturedin vitro produce ethanol from glucose as a metabolite.     

食品级惰性粉对三种储藏物害虫生长发育的影响

应用粉剂药膜法,一种食品级惰性粉——4号粉相应剂量处理赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)、烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)、锯谷盗Oryzaephilus surinamensis(Linnaeus)的卵和1龄幼虫,赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、烟草甲的卵平均孵化率均在97%以上,处理后卵孵化的1龄幼虫平均死亡率均在96%以上;处理3种害虫的1龄幼虫其平均死亡率均在99%以上。结果表明食品级惰性粉对3种试虫卵的孵化率几乎没有影响,但对其1龄幼虫有较好的防治效果。通过混粮法应用正交试验研究发现,惰性粉剂量和小麦含水量对赤拟谷盗F1代防治效果均有显著影响。当小麦处于安全水分时(含水量12%¹4%),10014%),100¹50 mg/kg 4号粉能有效防治赤拟谷盗F1代。     

Production of rotenone-inactivating substance(s) by rotenone-resistant insect cell line

Summary In a previous paper, we showed that a cell line derived from hemocytes of the cabbage armyworm,Mamestra brassicae (R-cell) was a thousand times as resistant to rotenone as that from ovaries of the same species (S-cell). The S-cells were killed by rotenone at concentrations higher than 10⁻⁹ M, while R-cells at higher than 10⁻⁶ M. When the R-cells were cultured in the medium containing 10⁻⁹ M rotenone, the ability of rotenone to kill the S-cells was lost in the used medium. Also, when rotenone was incubated in the medium conditioned with R-cells, it lost its cell killing activity. It became evident that rotenone-inactivating substance(s) were produced in cells and stored in water-soluble form or liberated into the medium. The substance(s) were inactivated by heat treatment.     

昆虫激肽的生理功能及机制

昆虫激肽是一类高度保守的小分子神经活性物质,自其从马德拉蟑螂脑中分离得到至今,人们在多种无脊椎动物体内均发现了这一激肽家族成员。它们具有促进昆虫后肠收缩、马氏管扭动、原尿分泌,调节血淋巴量和水盐平衡,使马氏管跨膜电位去极化,抑制昆虫体内消化酶释放、幼虫体重增长等功能。然而,天然的昆虫激肽很容易被蛋白酶所降解,因此须对其进行结构改造及构效关系研究,以开发出更有潜力的假肽和非肽模拟抗酶解昆虫激肽类似物,对今后实现环境友好型害虫防治策略具有重要意义。