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1.
Caffeic acid affects early growth, and morphogenetic response of hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Caffeic acid (CA) is one of the most common cinnamic acids ubiquitously present in plants and implicated in a variety of interactions including allelopathy among plants and microbes. This study investigated the possible interference of CA with root growth and the process of rhizogenesis in hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus=Vigna radiata). Results indicated that CA (0-1000 microM) significantly suppressed root growth of mung bean, and impaired adventitious root formation and root length in the mung bean hypocotyl cuttings. Further investigations into the role of CA in hampering root formation indicated its interference with the biochemical processes involved in rooting process at the three stages - root initiation (third day; RI), root expression (fifth day; RE), and post-expression (seventh day; PE) - of rhizogenesis. CA caused significant changes in the activities of proteases, peroxidases (PODs), and polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) during root development and decreased the content of total endogenous phenolics (TP) in the hypocotyl cuttings. The enhanced activity of PODs and PPOs, though, relates to lignification and/or phenolic metabolism during rhizogenesis; yet their protective role to CA-induced stress, especially during the PE phase, is not ruled out. At 1000 microM CA, where rooting was significantly affected, TP content was very high during the RI phase, thus indicating its non-utilization. The study concludes that CA interferes with the rooting potential of mung bean hypocotyl cuttings by altering the activities of PODs and PPOs and the endogenous TP content that play a key role in rhizogenesis. 相似文献
2.
Ferulic acid impairs rhizogenesis and root growth,and alters associated biochemical changes in mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Journal of Plant Interactions》2013,8(1):267-274
The present study investigated the effect of ferulic acid (FA; 0–1000 µM) on early growth, and rhizogenesis in mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls and associated biochemical changes. FA severely affected the radicle elongation and number of secondary roots after 72 h. The root and shoot length, number and length of secondary roots, and seedling dry weight of one-week-old seedlings of mung bean were decreased by 64%. The rooting potential (percent rooting, number and length of adventitious roots) of mung bean hypocotyls under in vitro conditions was significantly inhibited in response to 1–100 µM FA. At 1000 µM there was complete cessation of rooting. FA caused a reduction in the contents of water-soluble proteins and endogenous total phenolics, whereas the activities of proteases, peroxidases, and polyphenol peroxidases increased. The study concludes that FA inhibits root growth and development, and in vitro rooting process in mung bean by interfering with biochemical processes that are crucial for root formation. 相似文献
3.
H.P. Singh D.R. Batish S. Kaur N. Setia & R.K. Kohli 《The Annals of applied biology》2005,147(3):267-274
2‐Benzoxazolinone (BOA), a type of hydroxamic acid present in cereals and implicated in allelopathy, is now being viewed as a potential candidate for the development of natural herbicides. A study was conducted to determine the effect of BOA on mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) through a multitude of bioassays to understand its physiological and biochemical action. It was observed that BOA significantly decreased the germination of mung bean and its early growth (measured in terms of seedling length and dry weight). A typical dose–response relationship was observed with BOA treatment, and I50 values (concentrations at which 50% inhibition occurs) for germination, seedling length and seedling dry weight were calculated to be 4.3, 0.71 and 0.77 mM , respectively. There was therefore a greater inhibitory effect on seedling growth than on germination. Treated seedlings were characterised by a loss of chlorophyll and decreased respiratory activity, indicating a possible adverse effect of BOA on photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. Mitotic activity in root‐tip cells of onion (Allium cepa) was completely arrested in response to BOA treatment, and the cells exhibited abnormality in shape and size. BOA also adversely affected rhizogenesis in hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean, indicating an impact on morphogenetic potential. It was associated with significant changes in the protein content and activities of proteases and polyphenol oxidases during the root development phase. This study concludes that BOA interfered with essential biochemical processes in mung bean. Such studies provide useful information on the biochemical and physiological modes of actions of BOA, with a view to its use as a herbicidal compound. 相似文献
4.
Adventitious root formation in stem cuttings of mung bean was enhanced by ethrel, which had an additive effect when employed
simultaneously with indolebutyric acid (IBA). Abscisic acid (ABA) did not influence the number of roots per cutting whereas
gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin were without effect on rooting at lower concentrations but were inhibitory at higher concentrations. Nevertheless,
all three of these chemicals showed synergistic interactions with IBA and/or indol-3-ylacetic acid (IAA) and thereby significantly
promoted root formation. A localised application of morphactin to the epicotyl of cuttings totally inhibited root production
irrespective of which of the foregoing growth regulators were suppliedvia the hypocotyl. Morphactin application also prevented root formation in cuttings treated with vitamin D2. The various growth regulators employed had differing effects on growth of roots but there was no simple relationship between
their effects on root formation and subsequent root growth. 相似文献
5.
Polyamines and root formation in mung bean hypocotyl cuttings : I. Effects of exogenous compounds and changes in endogenous polyamine content
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The effect of several polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), their precursors (l-arginine and l-ornithine), and some analogs and metabolic inhibitors (l-canavanine, l-canaline, and methylglyoxal-bis [guanylhydrazone]) on root formation have been studied in mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek) hypocotyl cuttings. 相似文献
6.
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling molecule that regulates disease resistance responses, such as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and hypertensive response (HR). SA has been implicated as participating in various biotic and abiotic stresses. This study was conducted to investigate the role of SA in adventitious root formation (ARF) in mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L) hypocotyl cuttings. We observed that hypocotyl treatment with SA could significantly promote the adventitious root formation, and its effects were dose and time dependent. Explants treated with SA displayed a 130% increase in adventitious root number compared with control seedlings. The role of SA in mung bean hypocotyl ARF as well as its interaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were also elucidated. Pretreatment of mung bean explants with N, N’-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a scavenger for H2O2, resulted in a significant reduction of SA-induced ARF. Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a specific inhibitor of membrane-linked NADPH oxidase, also inhibited the effect of adventitious rooting triggered by SA treatment. The determination of the endogenous H2O2 level indicated that the seedlings treated with SA could induce H2O2 accumulation compared with the control treatment. Our results revealed a distinctive role of SA in the promotion of adventitious rooting via the process of H2O2 accumulation. This conclusion was further supported by antioxidant enzyme activity assays. Based on these results, we conclude that the accumulation of free H2O2 might be a downstream event in response to SA-triggered adventitious root formation in mung bean seedlings. 相似文献
7.
8.
Daizy R. Batish Harminder Pal Singh Mansimran Kaur Ravinder Kumar Kohli Surender Singh Yadav 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2008,30(3):401-405
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), a purine alkaloid found naturally in over 100 plant species, has recently been viewed
as a safe chemical for management of pests including molluscs, slugs, snails, bacteria, and as a bird deterrent. It possesses
phytotoxicity against plant species, yet the mechanism of action is lacking. A study was conducted to determine the effect
of caffeine on the rooting of hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) and the associated biochemical changes. At lower concentrations (<1,000 μM) of caffeine, though rooting potential was not
affected, yet there was a significant decrease in the number of roots and root length. At 1,000 μM caffeine, there was a 68%
decrease in the number of roots/primordia per cutting, whereas root length decreased by over 80%. However, no root formation
occurred at 2,000 μM caffeine. Further investigations into the biochemical processes linked to root formation revealed that
caffeine significantly affects protein content, activities of proteases, polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and total endogenous phenolic
(EP) content, in the mung bean hypocotyls. A decrease in rooting potential was associated with a drastic reduction in protein
content in the lower rooted portion, whereas the specific activity of proteases increased indicating that caffeine affects
the protein metabolism. Activity of PPO decreased in response to caffeine, whereas EP content increased significantly indicating
its non-utilization and thus less or no root formation. Respiratory ability of rooted tissue, as determined through TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl
tetrazolium chloride) reduction, was impaired in response to caffeine indicating an adverse effect on the energy metabolism.
The study concludes that caffeine interferes with the root development by impairing protein metabolism, affecting activity
of PPO (and thus lignification), and EP content, which are the crucial steps for root formation. 相似文献
9.
Stimulation of Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings of Four Herbaceous Species by Piperazine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Piperazine, a chemical used as buffer component, greatly promotedadventitious root formation in cuttings of sunflower (Helianthusannuus L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), mung bean (Vigna radiataL.) and to a lesser extent in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings.Piperazine was more effective in acidic pH. The studies withpiperazine analogues showed that any substantial modificationof the structure caused the chemical to be less effective, oreven inhibitory. Histological studies in sunflower hypocotylsdemonstrated that piperazine did not alter the timing of theinitial cell division. In the presence of piperazine, sunflowerhypocotyls failed to develop primary phloem fibres. Piperazineat the concentrations that promote rooting did not kill or damagethe tissue at the base of the hypocotyl. Compared to controls,piperazine treatment did not alter the proportion of primordiathat eventually developed into actively elongating roots. Sixdays after treatment 45% of the control roots in the basal sectionwere actively growing, compared to 51% in the piperazine. Therewas little evidence suggesting that the piperazine-induced promotionof rooting was caused by the removal of basal dominance in whichpiperazine killed the basal part of hypocotyl.Copyright 1995,1999 Academic Press Helianthus annuus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vigna radiata, adventitious roots, mung bean, pea, piperazine, sunflower 相似文献
10.
3,5-Dihalo-4-hydroxybenzoic acids enhanced adventitious root formation in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) cuttings. 3,5-Diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid was more active than 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, increasing the number of roots formed by about 4-fold. 2,4-Dinitrophenol also enhanced significantly adventitious root formation in mung bean cuttings. The phenolic compounds were active with or without indole-3-acetic acid. The possible mechanism by which these phenolic compounds enhance rooting is discussed.Abbreviations CCCP
carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone
- DIHB
3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
- DNP
2,4-dinitrophenol 相似文献
11.
The growth retarding chemical Cycocel significantly synergizedIAA- and IBA-induced rooting of mung bean and IBA-induced rootingof tomato cuttings. In marigold, Cycocel and B-Nine promotedrooting when applied alone but did not synergize auxin-inducedroot formation. Chlorflurenol, a growth-inhibiting morphactin,antagonized auxin-induced rooting of all three species; inhibitionwas especially marked in the presence of IBA. The ethylene-producingchemical Amchem promoted rooting of mung bean and marigold cuttingswhen applied alone. In tomato cuttings, Amchem significantlysynergized IAA-induced root formation. (Received July 5, 1972; ) 相似文献
12.
Samih M. Tamimi 《Plant Growth Regulation》2003,40(3):257-260
Uridine strongly stimulated adventitious root formation in stem cuttings of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A dose response curve of uridine induced rooting showed that the optimum concentration of uridine was 0.1 µM. At all concentrations employed, uridine had no significant effect on root elongation. The rooting response of stem cuttings to the optimal concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (10 µM) in combination with 0.1 µM uridine did not significantly differ from their response to either of these compounds when applied alone. However, the rooting response of the cuttings to sub-optimal IBA (0.01 µM) was significantly stimulated by uridine. These findings suggested that uridine may have stimulated rooting by increasing the sensitivity of the rooting tissue to auxin. 相似文献
13.
14.
Promotion of adventitious root formation by 4-chlororesorcinol: A polyphenol oxidase inhibitor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The extent of rooting in cuttings of Phaseolus vulgaris L., and Vigna radiata Wilcz. was affected by 4-chlororesorcinol, a polyphenol oxidase inhibitor. More root primordia and more roots were formed after 4-chlororesorcinol treatment both with and without 10-5M Indole butyric acid. Promotion of rooting was observed also in cuttings of Elaeagnus pungens, Gypsophilia elegans and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. The enhancement in bean and mung bean was accompanied by a concomitant wider spatial distribution of the primordia and the resulting adventitious roots. The formation of primordia in the treated cuttings was delayed by 12–24 hours, compared to untreated cuttings. The treatment was effective only when given during the first hours after the preparation of the cutting of bean and mung bean, suggesting involvement in the initiation stage. Hypocotyl extracts of mung bean cuttings, pretreated with 4-chlororesorcinol, exhibited reduced polyphenol oxidase activity. The inhibition was not reversed by washing of the treated extract in 50% acetone or by an overnight dialysis, suggesting tight or maybe even irreversible binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme.Abbreviations 4-CR
4-chlororesorcinol
- IBA
Indole butyric acid
- PPO
polyphenol oxidase 相似文献
15.
Kamel Ahmed Hussein Tartoura 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2001,23(2):149-156
Endogenous levels of free and conjugated IAA, auxin protectors (Prs) and peroxidase (PER) activity and their relation to adventitious
root initiation (ARI) were investigated at the potential sites of adventitious rooting in relation to exogenous application
of 250 μM ABA during the first 120 h after treatment. Cuttings from 7-day-old mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz.] seedlings were treated with 125, 250, and 500 μM ABA for 24 h. ABA significantly stimulated ARI but extremely
inhibited epicotyl growth as compared to control. Free and conjugated IAA were measured by reversed-phase high performance
liquid chromatography while Prs and PER activities were measured spectrophotometrically. The present results also indicate
that endogenous free IAA levels peaked later in ABA-treated cuttings than that in control, suggesting that ABA extended the
length of the induction phase of rooting process in treated cuttings and that might explain the significant delay of the appearance
of roots at the treated cuttings. Higher level of IAA conjugates was found in ABA-treated cuttings than that in untreated
ones. Pr level also peaked later in ABA-treated cuttings than that in control, indicating that ABA extended the period of
Pr activity. An initial temporary decrease of PER activity was found in associating with high levels of free IAA and Prs during
most of the primary events, while the opposite occurred during the secondary events of adventitious rooting process in both
treated and untreated cuttings. Thus, ABA may stimulate ARI in mung bean Vigna radiata cuttings by regulating the concentration and /or activities of endogenous IAA, Prs, and PER activity in favor of inducing
a large number of adventitious roots at their potential sites of adventitious rooting. 相似文献
16.
Paclobutrazol (PB), a triazole growth retardant and an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis, reduced at 17 μM concentration
the adventitious root formation of bean primary leaf cuttings. Treatments with 5 μM ABA or 4 μM Ethrel, an ethylenereleasing
compound, restored the rooting of PB-treated cuttings. Ethylene production and the content of the precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic
acid (ACC) were enhanced in root-forming tissues of PB-treated petioles 48 h after ABA application. The effect of ABA could
be abolished by 10 μM CoCl2, an inhibitor of ACC oxidase. Thus, ABA might stimulate rooting through its effect on ethylene release. 2 mM silver thiosulphate,
an inhibitor of ethylene action, decreased the rooting of PB-treated cuttings similarly to Co2+, but failed to negate the ABA effect. These data indicate that the effect of PB on rhizogenesis is not associated directly
with the inhibition of the biosynthesis of gibberellins
Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Gabriella Biró. This work was supported by the Hungarian National Science Research Foundation
(OTKA), Project No. 462. 相似文献
17.
Influence of ethylene on adventitious root formation in mung bean hypocotyl cuttings 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The relationship between ethylene and adventitious root formation in mung bean hypocotyl cuttings was studied.Ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound, at 5 x 10 -5 M increased root number and root dry weight on hypo-cotyl cuttings. When ethephon was applied to hypocotyl at different times after excision, there were two effectivetimes for root production i.e. between 06 h and 18-24 h. These two time periods correspond to the induction phase and the late initiation phase of root development, respectively. After excision, three peaks of ethylene productionwere observed. The first peak commencing at 6 h started the sequence of reactions leading root formation, the second peak appearing at 12 h coincided with the beginning of the increase of the IAA level during primordia initiation, and the third peak showing at 48 h played a role in root differentiation and growth. Ethylene stimulated rooting by enhancing the increase in auxins. Thus it appears that the IAA-induced ethylene production may be a factor involved in the stimulation of adventitious root formation. 相似文献
18.
Paclobutrazol (PB) only slightly stimulated the rooting of mung bean cuttings but, interestingly, the number of adventitious roots formed was dramatically increased when PB was used together with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Application of PB in the first phase of root formation, when root initials are induced, caused the greatest enhancement of the promotive effect of IBA on rooting. Investigation of the effect of PB on uptake, transport and metabolism of [5-3 H]-IBA in mung bean cuttings revealed some changes in the rate of metabolism of IBA in comparison with control cuttings. PB was found to be involved in the partitioning of carbohydrates along the cuttings. Application of sucrose, like PB to the base of IBA-treated cuttings enhanced the effect of IBA. The patterns of the effects of PB and IBA, separately and together, on rooting were similar in defoliated and intact cuttings, however the number of roots was much lower in the defoliated cuttings, which lacked a source of assimilates. PB counteracted the effect of GA3 in the upper regions of the cuttings and seemed to increase the sink capacity at the base of the cuttings. The results of the present study clearly demonstrated the enhancing influence of PB on IBA stimulation of the rooting of mung bean cuttings. It is suggested that PB may affect the rate of metabolism of IBA during rooting and the status of the local sink, in the base of the cuttings, thus partially contributing to the enhancement of the rooting-promotive effect of IBA. 相似文献
19.
Effect of Ethephon, Indole Butyric Acid, and Treatment Solution pH on Rooting and on Ethylene Levels within Mung Bean Cuttings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Light-grown mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) cuttings were treated with buffered and nonbuffered solutions of Ethephon, indole butyric acid (IBA), and the combination of both. Ethephon treatment resulted in increased tissue ethylene levels with increasing solution pH, but had no effect on rooting. IBA treatment had no effect on tissue ethylene levels, but strongly promoted rooting. Combinations of Ethephon and IBA had no effect on rooting of mung bean cuttings beyond that obtained by IBA alone. 相似文献
20.
Abscisic-acid-stimulated rooting of stem cuttings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Abscisic acid (ABA) has been found to stimulate rooting of stem cuttings of mung beans and English ivy. ABA partially overcame the inhibitory effect of gibberellic acid on root formation of mung bean cuttings but at the concentrations used did not overcome the inhibitory effect of kinetin on root formation. 相似文献