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1.
A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
2.
Peter beim Graben Dimitris Pinotsis Douglas Saddy Roland Potthast 《Cognitive neurodynamics》2008,2(2):79-88
We construct a mapping from complex recursive linguistic data structures to spherical wave functions using Smolensky’s filler/role
bindings and tensor product representations. Syntactic language processing is then described by the transient evolution of
these spherical patterns whose amplitudes are governed by nonlinear order parameter equations. Implications of the model in
terms of brain wave dynamics are indicated.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
Peter beim GrabenEmail: |
3.
Event-related brain potentials (ERP) are important neural correlates of cognitive processes. In the domain of language processing,
the N400 and P600 reflect lexical-semantic integration and syntactic processing problems, respectively. We suggest an interpretation
of these markers in terms of dynamical system theory and present two nonlinear dynamical models for syntactic computations
where different processing strategies correspond to functionally different regions in the system’s phase space.
相似文献
Peter beim GrabenEmail: |
4.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
5.
Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
相似文献
Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
6.
This paper introduces a threshold policy with hysteresis (TPH) for the control of one-predator one-prey models. The models studied are the Lotka–Volterra and Rosenzweig–MacArthur
two species density-dependent predator–prey models and the Arditi–Ginzburg nondimensional ratio-dependent model. The proposed
policy (TPH) changes the dynamics of the system in such a way that a bounded oscillation is achieved confined to a region
that does not allow extinction of either species. The policy can be designed by a suitable choice of so called virtual equilibrium
points in a simple and intuitive manner.
相似文献
Amit Bhaya (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
Michael Weisberg 《Biology & philosophy》2006,21(5):623-645
This paper is an interpretation and defense of Richard Levins’ “The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology,” which
has been extremely influential among biologists since its publication 40 years ago. In this article, Levins confronted some
of the deepest philosophical issues surrounding modeling and theory construction. By way of interpretation, I discuss each
of Levins’ major philosophical themes: the problem of complexity, the brute-force approach, the existence and consequence
of tradeoffs, and robustness analysis. I argue that Levins’ article is concerned, at its core, with justifying the use of
multiple, idealized models in population biology.
相似文献
Michael WeisbergEmail: |
8.
9.
The Cauchy problem for one-dimensional spiking neuron models 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Romain Brette 《Cognitive neurodynamics》2008,2(1):21-27
I consider spiking neuron models defined by a one-dimensional differential equation and a reset—i.e., neuron models of the
integrate-and-fire type. I address the question of the existence and uniqueness of a solution on for a given initial condition. It turns out that the reset introduces a countable and ordered set of backward solutions for
a given initial condition. I discuss the implications of these mathematical results in terms of neural coding and spike timing
precision.
相似文献
Romain BretteEmail: |
10.
Debates over adaptationism can be clarified and partially resolved by careful consideration of the ‘grain’ at which evolutionary
processes are described. The framework of ‘adaptive landscapes’ can be used to illustrate and facilitate this investigation.
We argue that natural selection may have special status at an intermediate grain of analysis of evolutionary processes. The
cases of sickle-cell disease and genomic imprinting are used as case studies.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
11.
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13.
Nagayasu Nakanishi Volker Hartenstein David K. Jacobs 《Development genes and evolution》2009,219(6):301-317
We examined the development of the nervous system in the rhopalium, a medusa-specific sensory structure, in Aurelia sp.1 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) using confocal microscopy. The rhopalial nervous system appears primarily ectodermal and contains
neurons immunoreactive to antibodies against tyrosinated tubulin, taurine, GLWamide, and FMRFamide. The rhopalial nervous
system develops in an ordered manner: the presumptive gravity-sensing organ, consisting of the lithocyst and the touch plate,
differentiates first; the “marginal center,” which controls swimming activity, second; and finally, the ocelli, the presumptive
photoreceptors. At least seven bilaterally arranged neuronal clusters consisting of sensory and ganglion cells and their neuronal
processes became evident in the rhopalium during metamorphosis to the medusa stage. Our analysis provides an anatomical framework
for future gene expression and experimental studies of development and functions of scyphozoan rhopalia.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
David K. Jacobs (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
15.
The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
16.
A workshop in June 2005 (“Preventing Organ and Tissue Allograft-Transmitted Infection: Priorities for Public Health Intervention”)
identified gaps in organ and tissue safety in the US. Participants developed a series of allograft safety initiatives. “The
Organ and Tissue Safety Workshop 2007: Advances and Challenges” assessed progress and identified priorities for future interventions.
Awareness of the challenges of allograft-associated disease transmission has increased. The Transplantation Transmission Sentinel
Network will enhance communication surrounding allograft-associated disease transmission. Other patient safety initiatives
have focused on adverse event reporting and microbiologic screening technologies. Despite progress, improved recognition and
prevention of donor-derived transmission events is needed. This requires systems integration across the organ and tissue transplantation
communities including organ procurement organizations, eye and tissue banks, and transplant infectious disease experts. Commitment
of resources and improved coordination of efforts are required to develop essential tools to enhance safety for allograft
recipients.
相似文献
Jay A. FishmanEmail: |
17.
Renuka M. Sharma 《Journal of bioethical inquiry》2007,4(3):181-192
This paper discusses the persistent devaluation of the girl child in India and the link between the entrenched perception
of female valuelessness and the actual practice of infanticide of girl babies or foetuses. It seeks to place female infanticide,
or ‘gendercide,’ within the context of Western-derived conceptions of ethics, justice and rights. To date, current ethical
theories and internationally purveyed moral frameworks, as well as legal and political declarations, have fallen short of
an adequate moral appraisal of infanticide. This paper seeks to rethink the issue.
相似文献
Renuka M. SharmaEmail: |
18.
The numerical simulation of spiking neural networks requires particular attention. On the one hand, time-stepping methods
are generic but they are prone to numerical errors and need specific treatments to deal with the discontinuities of integrate-and-fire
models. On the other hand, event-driven methods are more precise but they are restricted to a limited class of neuron models.
We present here a voltage-stepping scheme that combines the advantages of these two approaches and consists of a discretization
of the voltage state-space. The numerical simulation is reduced to a local event-driven method that induces an implicit activity-dependent time discretization (time-steps automatically increase when
the neuron is slowly varying). We show analytically that such a scheme leads to a high-order algorithm so that it accurately
approximates the neuronal dynamics. The voltage-stepping method is generic and can be used to simulate any kind of neuron
models. We illustrate it on nonlinear integrate-and-fire models and show that it outperforms time-stepping schemes of Runge-Kutta
type in terms of simulation time and accuracy.
相似文献
D. MartinezEmail: |
19.
Causal networks in simulated neural systems 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Anil K. Seth 《Cognitive neurodynamics》2008,2(1):49-64
Neurons engage in causal interactions with one another and with the surrounding body and environment. Neural systems can therefore
be analyzed in terms of causal networks, without assumptions about information processing, neural coding, and the like. Here,
we review a series of studies analyzing causal networks in simulated neural systems using a combination of Granger causality
analysis and graph theory. Analysis of a simple target-fixation model shows that causal networks provide intuitive representations
of neural dynamics during behavior which can be validated by lesion experiments. Extension of the approach to a neurorobotic
model of the hippocampus and surrounding areas identifies shifting causal pathways during learning of a spatial navigation
task. Analysis of causal interactions at the population level in the model shows that behavioral learning is accompanied by
selection of specific causal pathways—“causal cores”—from among large and variable repertoires of neuronal interactions. Finally,
we argue that a causal network perspective may be useful for characterizing the complex neural dynamics underlying consciousness.
相似文献
Anil K. SethEmail: |
20.
Philip Richard Sullivan 《Biology & philosophy》2009,24(1):65-79
This paper demonstrates that the human visual system, the primary sensory conduit for primates, processes ambient energy in
a way that obligatorily constructs the objects that we ineluctably perceive. And since our perceptual apparatus processes
information only in terms of objects (along with the properties and movements of objects), we are limited in our ability to comprehend ‘what
is’ when we move beyond our ordinary world of midsize objects—as, for example, when we address the micro microworld of quantum
physics.
相似文献
Philip Richard SullivanEmail: |