磁处理白术药液对消化功能影响的药效研究

目的 :研究磁处理白术药液对消化功能影响的药效作用。方法 :用碳末法比较生理盐水、磁处理白术药液与非磁处理白术药液对小鼠肠推进运动的影响 ;用对比法 ,比较磁处理白术药液与正常台氏液及与非磁处理白术药液对离体兔小肠平滑肌收缩运动的影响。结果 :小鼠肠碳末推进率 :与生理盐水组比较 ,磁处理白术药液有促进作用 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,磁处理白术药液与非磁处理白术药液相比差异不显著 ;离体兔小肠平滑肌收缩运动 :与正常台氏液相比 ,磁处理白术药液有促进作用 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,磁处理白术药液与非磁处理白术药液相比 ,有抑制作用。结论 :磁处理白术药液对小鼠肠推进运动功能及对离体兔小肠平滑肌收缩运动有明显作用。     

磁处理党参药液对小肠平滑肌收缩活动影响的研究

目的 :探讨磁处理党参药液对离体兔小肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响。方法 :通过正常台氏液对照组与磁处理党参药液实验组 ,以及磁处理党参药液组与非磁处理党参药液组进行比较 ,观察对离体兔小肠平滑肌的作用 ,同时观察药液对氯化钡引起离体兔小肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响。结果 :低浓度 ( 5 %、1 0 %、2 0 % )磁处理党参药液对离体兔小肠有轻度抑制作用 ;浓度加大 ( 4 0 %、60 % ) ,有明显促进作用 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;当浓度为 1 0 0 % ,药液有强烈的抑制作用 ,波形几乎呈直线。磁处理药液能解除Bacl2 引起的痉挛性收缩。磁处理与非磁处理党参药液组比较 ,只有浓度 5 %的波幅明显下降 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,其余浓度均无差异显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;结论 :磁处理党参药液对小肠平滑肌的收缩活动有明显影响     

氢溴酸高乌甲素对小肠平滑肌运动的作用

目的：研究氢溴酸高乌甲素对小肠平滑肌运动的影响并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：记录氢溴酸高乌甲素对家兔离体小肠平滑肌运动的影响,并测定氢溴酸高乌甲素处理后小鼠小肠推进运动的变化。结果：氢溴酸高乌甲素抑制家兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的发展张力。纳洛酮对氢溴酸高乌甲素的肠肌抑制作用无明显影响（P〉0.05）。乙酰胆碱（0.1 mg/L）可使家兔小肠舒张末张力明显增加。氢溴酸高乌甲素处理后,乙酰胆碱对肠肌舒张末张力的增加百分比降低（P〈0.05）。氢溴酸高乌甲素对小鼠小肠推进运动有显著抑制作用（P〈0.05）。结论：氢溴酸高乌甲素对小肠平滑肌收缩有抑制作用,并可以部分阻断乙酰胆碱的肠肌收缩作用,阿片受体可能不参与该抑制作用。     

磁处理党参药液对小鼠肠推进运动影响的药效研究

目的 :观察磁处理党参药液对小鼠肠推进运动的影响。方法 :实验分为非磁处理党参药液对照组 ,生理盐水对照组 ,0 .1T磁处理试验组和 0 .2 5T磁处理药液试验组 ,采用灌胃给药的途径进行实验观察。结果 :0 .1T和 0 .2 5T磁处理药液组和生理盐水对照组相比较 ,试验组具有显著促进小鼠肠的炭末推进作用 (p <0 .0 1 ) ;非磁处理与磁处理党参药液组相比较 ,0 .1T和 0 .2 5T磁处理药液组对小肠的炭末推进率有着显著的抑制作用 (p <0 .0 1 )。结论 :党参磁处理药液对小鼠肠的推进有明显作用。     

不同浓度的磁处理山药药液对小肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响

目的 :探讨磁处理山药药液对离体兔小肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响。方法 :用正常台氏液对照组与不同浓度的磁处理山药药液试验组 ,以及用不同浓度的磁处理山药药液组与非磁处理山药药液组的波幅和波频进行比较 ,观察对离体兔小肠平滑肌的作用。结果 :低浓度 ( 5 %、1 0 %、2 0 % )磁处理山药药液对收缩活动有轻度抑制作用 ,波幅值下降 ,均达差异显著性 ;浓度加大 ( 4 0 %、60 % )收缩力增强 ,波幅值上升 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;当浓度增至 1 0 0 %时 ,则有明显的抑制作用 ,波幅值下降 (P <0 .0 1 )。而波频变化除 5 %、1 0 %以外 ,均达差异极显著。磁处理与非磁处理山药药液组比较 ,波幅 ( 2 0 %、60 % )、波频 ( 5 %、1 0 %、60 % )均有差异显著性。结论 :磁处理山药药液对小肠平滑肌收缩活动有明显效应。     

哌替啶对肠道平滑肌运动的抑制作用及其机制

目的：研究哌替啶对肠道平滑肌运动的影响及其作用机制。方法：制备家兔离体小肠,记录小肠平滑肌张力,观察哌替啶对肠肌运动的影响。并进一步测定哌替啶灌胃前后小鼠小肠推进运动的变化。结果：在不同浓度的哌替啶作用下家兔离体肠肌收缩活动减弱：哌替啶灌胃后小鼠小肠推进减慢。哌替啶对离体肠肌的抑制作用不能被纳洛酮所阻断。结论：哌替啶对肠肌运动有抑制作用,其肠道作用可能与阿片受体无关。     

磁场处理中草药穿心莲药液对小白鼠肠推进运动的影响

本文探讨了磁场处理中草药穿心莲药液对小白鼠肠推进运动的影响。结果表明:经0.1T和0.25T磁场处理中草药穿心莲药液与未经磁场处理的穿心莲药液相比较,具有显著促进小鼠小肠的炭末推进率。     

银杏叶提取物对小鼠离体小肠平滑肌收缩特性的影响

目的观察不同浓度的银杏叶提取物(Extract of Ginkgo biloba, EGb)对小鼠离体小肠平滑肌活动的影响,探讨EGb对小肠平滑肌的作用机制.方法制备离体肠段标本,灌流给药后记录不同浓度EGb作用下小肠收缩变化.结果低浓度和中浓度的EGb对离体小肠平滑肌有兴奋作用,随浓度增加,低浓度EGb的兴奋程度呈降低趋势,中浓度EGb的兴奋程度呈升高趋势;高浓度EGb引发抑制效应,随浓度增加,抑制程度降低.结论不同浓度范围的EGb对离体小肠平滑肌有不同作用,可能通过对平滑肌的直接作用或调节激素释放,影响离子通道等途径发挥作用.     

化学药物对家兔离体小肠平滑肌电生理特性的影响

观察各种化学药物对家兔离体小肠各段平滑肌的作用,采用常规离体灌流的十二指肠、空肠及回肠平滑肌标本作舒缩运动实验,记录用药前后各段小肠平滑肌的收缩活动特征及变化规律.结果显示：不同浓度的乙酰胆碱和磷酸组织胺能增强小肠各段平滑肌的收缩频率与幅度,其幅值变化与用药前有显著性差异（P＜0.01） ,并呈剂量依赖性;而不同浓度的肾上腺素和阿托品则抑制小肠各段平滑肌（P＜0.01） .不同肠段对各种化学药物的作用存在着差异,一般十二指肠作用最强,空肠次之,回肠最差.     

乌药提取物对消化系统的作用

乌药水提物、醇提物均能降低小鼠甲基橙胃残留率,在20g/kg剂量能够增大小鼠小肠炭末推进率;对家兔离体肠平滑肌蠕动有明显抑制作用,并能对抗乙酰胆碱、磷酸组胺、氯化钡所致肠肌痉挛。     

磁场处理离体小肠对葡萄糖吸收功能的影响

目的 :观察磁场处理离体小肠对葡萄糖吸收功能的影响。方法 :用经 0 .1T和 0 .2 5T磁场处理小白鼠离体小肠 ,分别测定其对葡萄糖的吸收值。结果 :用 0 .1T和 0 .2 5T磁场处理的小白鼠离体小肠浆膜侧吸收葡萄糖的量与对照组比较 ,0 .1T差异显著 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,0 .2 5T的差异极显著 (p <0 .0 1 )。结论 :用0 .1T和 0 .2 5T磁场处理的小白鼠离体小肠对葡萄糖的吸收均有明显的促进作用。     

Intestinal development and growth performance of early-weaned piglets fed a low-threonine diet

High dietary threonine extraction by the digestive tract suggests that threonine contributes to maintain gut integrity. The aims of this study were to investigate the intestine development and the growth performance of early-weaned piglets pair-fed either a control well-balanced (C: 9.3 g threonine/kg diet) or a low-threonine diet (LT: 6.5 g threonine/kg diet) for 2 weeks. As expected, LT piglets presented lower plasma free threonine compared with C piglets (118 v. 356 ± 12 μmol/l, P < 0.001). Dietary threonine supply altered neither growth performance nor growth of the intestine and of the other portal-drained viscera (stomach, spleen and pancreas). Nevertheless, villus height was reduced in the ileum of the LT piglets compared with C piglets (446 v. 714 ± 74 μm, P < 0.05). This was also associated with a decrease in crypt width (P < 0.05) and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05). Whereas maltase and lactase activities did not change between the two groups, aminopeptidase nitrogen activity was decreased in the ileum of LT piglets (269 v. 374 ± 27 IU/mg protein, P < 0.05). The number of mucin-containing goblet cells was not modified in the ileum and in the proximal part of the large intestine of the LT piglets compared with the C piglets. In conclusion, despite no alteration of intestinal growth, villus hypotrophy associated with a reduction of aminopeptidase nitrogen activity suggest an alteration of the structure of the ileum in early-weaned piglets fed a diet supplying inadequate dietary threonine.     

肠段移植的研究进展

肠段移植作为外科手术一种替代治疗方式,目前已经广泛应用于临床多个学科,涉及消化系统、泌尿系统和生殖系统,主要包括食管、胃、胆道、膀胱、输尿管、阴道等的重建。现就肠段移植替代不同器官的功能重建做简要的综述。     

兔肠缺血／再灌注损伤的超微结构改变及红花的保护作用

目的：观察红花注射液对兔肠缺血／再灌注损伤超微结构的影响,探讨其机制。方法：复制在体兔肠缺血／再灌注损伤模型。30只日本大耳兔,随机均分为3组（n=10）：假手术组（S组）,缺A／再灌注组（I／R组）和缺血／再灌注＋红花注射液组（SI组）。使用电镜观察各组肠组织标本超微结构的改变,作对比分析。结果：L／R组多数肠粘膜上皮细胞肿胀,胞质内液泡增多,大多数线粒体呈不同程度的肿胀,严重者可见嵴减少或消失,内质网扩张较明显,细胞表面微绒毛数量明显减少且排列较乱,部分微绒毛有肿胀、融合现象,上皮细胞间隙扩大,连接较疏松。粘膜下间质可见少量的浆细胞浸润现象,部分毛细血管周围可见水肿现象。SI组在上述部位的病理改变均明显减轻。结论：红花能有效减少炎性渗出,抑制微循环通透性的增加,阻断肠缺血／再灌注损伤进展的病理生理过程,对肠组织超微结构有良好保护作用。     

Enterotoxin gene content in Staphylococcus aureus from the human intestinal tract

Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with staphylococcal food poisoning, which in a number of patients is accompanied by gastroenteritis. It has also been found to persist asymptomatically in the human intestinal tract, being considered one of the sources of pathogen transmission to manually handled food. However, very little is known about the incidence and enterotoxigenicity of intestinal S. aureus not associated with enteritis. There are practically no data on the frequency of some enterotoxin genes in intestinal S. aureus . Six thousand six hundred and twenty-one fecal swabs from 6-month- to 8-year-old children were analyzed for S. aureus . Growth of S. aureus was found in 347 samples. Two hundred and eight S. aureus isolates (4.2% of 4900 swabs) were from patients with sporadic enteritis and 139 isolates (8% of 1721 swabs) from patients who did not develop diarrhea during hospitalization. The genes encoding 16 members of the enterotoxin family ( sea-see, seg-selp , and selu ) and tst were present in 174 (83%) S. aureus isolates accompanying enteritis and in 101 (72%) isolates derived from patients with no enteritis symptoms. The genes of the classical enterotoxins ( sea-see ) and tst were present in 56% and 59% of the enteritis-associated and nonenteritic isolates, respectively.     

三七总皂苷对家兔离体小肠平滑肌自发收缩活动的影响

目的：观察三七总皂苷对家兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法：取健康家兔,雌雄不拘,将小肠离体后恒温灌流,观察三七总皂苷对家兔小肠自发收缩活动的影响;在灌流液中分别加入BayK8644、左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME）后再加入三七总皂苷,研究其作用机制;在无钙台式液中加入rynodine后再加入三七总皂苷,研究其作用机制。结果：三七总皂苷剂量依赖性的抑制家兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩的幅度。BayK8644和L-NAME均可完全阻断三七总皂苷对家兔小肠平滑肌收缩活动的抑制作用。在无钙台式液中,三七总皂苷显著抑制rynodine引起的细胞内钙收缩活动。结论：三七总皂苷显著抑制家兔小肠平滑肌的收缩活动,其抑制收缩活动机制可能是：增加小肠平滑肌NO浓度,从而抑制细胞外钙内流和内钙释放。     

Effect of hydrolysable tannins on intestinal morphology,proliferation and apoptosis in entire male pigs

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydrolysable tannin supplementation on morphology, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the intestine and liver of fattening boars. A total of 24 boars (Landrace × Large white) were assigned to four treatment groups: Control (fed commercial feed mixture) and three experimental groups fed the same diet supplemented with 1%, 2% and 3% of hydrolysable tannin-rich extract. Animals were housed individually with ad libitum access to feed and then slaughtered at 193 d of age and 122 ± 10 kg body weight. Diets supplemented with hydrolysable tannin affected the morphometric traits of the duodenum mucosa as reflected in increased villus height, villus perimeter and mucosal thickness. No effect was observed on other parts of the small intestine. In the large intestine, tannin supplementation reduced mitosis (in the caecum and descending colon) and apoptosis (in the caecum, ascending and descending colon). No detrimental effect of tannin supplementation on liver tissue was observed. The present findings suggest that supplementing boars with hydrolysable tannins at concentrations tested in this experiment has no unfavourable effects on intestinal morphology. On the contrary, it may alter cell debris production in the large intestine and thus reduce intestinal skatole production.     

Small Espin: A Third Actin-bundling Protein and Potential Forked Protein Ortholog in Brush Border Microvilli

An ~30-kD isoform of the actin-binding/ bundling protein espin has been discovered in the brush borders of absorptive epithelial cells in rat intestine and kidney. Small espin is identical in sequence to the COOH terminus of the larger (~110-kD) espin isoform identified in the actin bundles of Sertoli cell–spermatid junctional plaques (Bartles, J.R., A. Wierda, and L. Zheng. 1996. J. Cell Sci. 109:1229–1239), but it contains two unique peptides at its NH₂ terminus. Small espin was localized to the parallel actin bundles of brush border microvilli, resisted extraction with Triton X-100, and accumulated in the brush border during enterocyte differentiation/migration along the crypt–villus axis in adults. In transfected BHK fibroblasts, green fluorescent protein–small espin decorated F-actin–containing fibers and appeared to elicit their accumulation and/or bundling. Recombinant small espin bound to skeletal muscle and nonmuscle F-actin with high affinity (K_d = 150 and 50 nM) and cross-linked the filaments into bundles. Sedimentation, gel filtration, and circular dichroism analyses suggested that recombinant small espin was a monomer with an asymmetrical shape and a high percentage of α-helix. Deletion mutagenesis suggested that small espin contained two actin-binding sites in its COOH-terminal 116–amino acid peptide and that the NH₂-terminal half of its forked homology peptide was necessary for bundling activity.     

鸡肠中氨基酸含量的高效液相色谱分析

本文采用以异硫氰酸苯酯（ＰＩＴＣ）为柱前衍生化的高效液相色谱法测定氨基酸,并对方法测定条件进行了研究,得出流动相ｐＨ６．４０时测定的ＲＳＤ值最低,为０．５９％,样品经微波水解７ｍｉｎ（３００Ｗ功率）,且稀释液加入５ｍｉｎ后进样方能得到最佳结果。用本法对鸡肠中氨基酸进行了分析,必需氨基酸总量占３４．９％,具有可开发利用之价值。