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1.
Direct shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration in safflower 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Adventitious shoot buds were induced directly on the adaxial surface of the cotyledons of eight safflower cultivars after
14 d of culture initiation on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various levels of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).
Maximum shoot organogenesis of 54.4% with 10.2 shoots per responding cotyledon was obtained with 8.87 μM BA in the cv. S-144. Regenerated shoots were classified into three groups on the basis of their morphological features and
were found to be correlated with the levels of BA. The highest number of normal shoots was obtained from 2.2 μM BA treatment. The regenerated shoots of group I (normal shoots) were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with
5.3 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3% sucrose and 0.8% bacto-agar. Rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and appeared
morphologically normal. Histological studies revealed that shoot buds originated adventitiously from subepidermal cells. 相似文献
2.
Summary Protocols for both axillary bud proliferation and shoot organogenesis of Euphorbia pulchurrima Winter RoseTM were developed using terminal buds and leaf tissues. Greenhouse-grown terminal buds were placed on Murashige-Skoog (MS) basal
medium supplemented with various concentrations of either benzlyaminopurine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ). Explants produced the
greatest number of axillary buds on media containing between 2.2 and 8.8 μM BA. The number of explants that produced axillary buds increased with increasing BA concentration. TDZ at concentrations
between 2.3 and 23.0 μM caused hyperhydricity of shoots and were not effective in promoting shoot proliferation. The most calluses and shoots were
produced from leaf midvein sections from in vitro grown plants placed on the medium containing 8.8–13.3 μM BA and 17.1 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for 1 mo. before transferring to the medium containing only BA. Adventitious buds were produced
only from red-pigmented callus, and explants that produced callus continued to produce adventitious shoots in the presence
of IAA. Five-mo.-old shoots derived from shoot culture or organogenesis rooted readily in artificial soil with or without
treatment with indolebutyric acid, and were acclimatized in the greenhouse. 相似文献
3.
S. R. Thengane D. K. Kulkarni V. A. Shrikhande K. V. Krishnamurthy 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):206-210
Summary Regeneration of adventitious shoots from the medicinal plant Nothapodytes foetida (Weight) Sleumer Syn. Mappia foetida (family Ieacinaceceae) has been achieved using different seedling explants. Direct, regeneration of shoot buds was observed
in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of thidiazuron. The optimum levels of
thidiazuron concentrations were 0.91–4.45 μM. Leaf explants formed more shoots followed by hypocotyls or cotyledons. The shoot buds elongated and rooted on MS basal medium
with N6-benzyladenine (0.88–2.22 μM) and indole-3-butyric acid (0.49 μM). 相似文献
4.
Summary A method of plant regeneration from hypocotyl segments of Platanus acerifolia Willd, has been developed. Hypocotyl slices were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with a range
of combinations of cytokinins [6-benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin] and auxins [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), indole-3-acetic acid,
α-naphthaleneacetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid] for adventitious shoot induetion. The highest regeneration frequency
was obtained with MS medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 (8.88 μM) BA and 0.5 mg l−1 (2.46 μM) IBA. Adventitious buds and shoots were differentiated from hypocotyl-derived cellus or directly from the wounded sites within
4–8 wk. The regenerated shoots were elongated and proliferated efficiently on multiplication medium. Complete plantlets were
transplanted to the soil and grew normally in the greenhouse after root formation on rooting medium for 4–6 wk. 相似文献
5.
Summary
In vitro adventitious shoot bud regeneration systems are considered most suitable for Agrobacterium-and biolisticsmediated genetic transformation to obtain transgenic plants. In the present investigation, multiple adventitious
shoot buds could be induced directly from Feronia limonia hypocotyl explants inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different growth regulators. During the initial
phase, the hypocotyl segments nearer to the cotyledons responded quickly compared to those closer to the root. The response,
however, was comparable in both the segments in subsequent subculture. Of the various cytokinins, 2.22 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) proved to be more effective compared to kinetin (Kn). The two-way interaction of BA and Kn significantly
influenced shoot regeneration and contributed the most among the interactions studied. The best response, however, was obtained
when 2.22 μM BA and 2.32 μM Kn were combined. Although the effect of auxins like α-naphthaleneactic acid (NAA) combined with cytokinins evoked a significant
responsein terns of number of shoot buds, this response did not supersede the effect of combined cytokinins. Vone of the polyamines
tested induced shoot buds on hypocotyl segments. Adventitious shoots were multiplied on MS medium containing 2.22 μM BA, 6.96 μM Kn, and 0.05 μM NAA. More than 60% of the shoots produced roots when cultured on medium containing one-quarter strength MS salts, 10% suerose,
0.6% agar, and 7.36μM indole-3-butyric acid. The adventious origin of shoot buds showing continuous vascular connections was confirmed through
histological investigations. 相似文献
6.
C. L. Huang M. T. Hsieh W. C. Hsieh A. P. Sagare H. S. Tsay 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(3):220-224
Summary Rapid in vitro propagation of Limonium wrightii (Hance) Ktze. (Plumbaginaceae), an endangered medicinal plant, was achieved by culturing the shoot-tip (primary and lateral),
leaf- and influorescence-node explants. MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 8.87 μMN6-benyladenine (BA) and 1.07 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) supported induction of adventitious shoots from the shoot-tip, inflorescence-node and middle
and basal parts of leaf explants after 60 d of culture. Adventitious shoots were multiplied by subculturing on MS medium supplemented
with BA (2,21–17.75 μM) in combination with NAA (1.07 μM). The percentage of explants forming shoots and the average number of adventitious shoot buds produced per explant were stimulated
by increasing the strength (1/4x, 1/2x, 1x, 2x) of the MS medium. Shoots were rooted on MS basal medium with 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Plantlets with a morphologically normal appearance produced from adventitious shoots were transferred
to soil and acclimated in the growth chamber for 1 mo. 相似文献
7.
Summary Callus cultures ofPicea engelmannii (Parry, Engelmann spruce) were initiated and established from mature embryos cultured on von Arnold and Eriksson’s medium
(AE) supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (10μM) and naphthalene acetic acid (10 μM). Cultures were maintained by subculture at 3-to-4-wk intervals. After three subcultures, callus was transferred to AE medium
with only N6-benzyladenine (25 μM). Adventitious buds appeared on the surface of the callus after 2-to 4-wk and grew to adventitious shoots on AE medium without
growth hormones or on AE medium with kinetin (0.1 μM). Shoot-forming capacity was maintained through 7 further subcultures.
This study was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant G1438 to T. A. Thorpe and
D. I. Dunstan. 相似文献
8.
Summary A viable protocol has been developed for direct and indirect shoot regeneration of Vernonia cinerea. To establish a stable and high-frequency plant regeneration system, leaf and stem explants were tested with different combinations
of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and benzylaminopurine (BA). Lateral buds on nodal explants
grew into shoots within 2 wk of culture in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 20.9 μM BA. Excision and culture of nodal segments from in vitro-raised shoots on fresh medium with the same concentration of BA facilitated development of more than 15 shoots per node.
Similarly leaf, nodal, and internodal explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations
of BA, NAA, and IAA either alone or in combinations for callus induction and organogenesis. Shoot buds and/or roots were regenerated
on callus. Shoot buds formed multiple shoots within 4 wk after incubation in induction medium. Adventitious buds and shoots
proliferated when callus was cut into pieces and subcultured on MS basal medium containing 20.9 μM BA and 5.3 μM NAA. This combination proved to be the best medium for enhanced adventitious shoot bud multiplication, generating a maximum
of 50 shoots in 4 wk. This medium was also used successfully for shoot proliferation in liquid medium. Root formation was
observed from callus induced in medium containing 8.05–13.4 μM NAA. Regenerated shoots exhibited flowering and root formation in MS basal medium without any growth regulators. Plantlets
established in the field showed 85% survival and exhibited identical morphological characteristics as the donor plant. 相似文献
9.
N. R. Nayak P. K. Chand S. P. Rath S. N. Patnaik 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(3):185-188
Summary An efficient procedure is outlined forin vitro regeneration of an epiphytic orchid,Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. using rhizomes developed from seeds. Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium (MS) containing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) stimulated growth and proliferation of rhizomes with NAA being
most effective at 5.0 mg.l−1 (27.0 μM). Shoot bud differentiation was induced in the apical portions of the rhizomes on MS medium containing kinetin (Kn) or N6-benzyladenine (BA). The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (91.5%) and the maximum number of shoot buds formed (3.5
shoots/rhizome) were recorded with BA at 1.0 mg.l−1 (4.4 μM). NAA (0.1 mg.l−1, 0.54 μM), whenever added to the medium in conjunction with BA (1.0 mg.l−1, 4.4 μM), slightly enhanced the frequency of shoot bud regeneration (92.6%) and the number of shoot buds formed (5.2 shoots/rhizome).
Moreover, an NAA-BA combination induced rooting in regenerated shoots thereby producing complete plantlets in one step. Shoots
developed on cytokinin-supplemented medium were rooted on MS containing NAA at 1.0 mg.l−1 (5.4 μM). Regenerated plantlets were acclimated and eventually established in a garden. 相似文献
10.
Summary An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from cotyledons was established in tetraploid Isatis indigotica Fort. Factors influencing shoot regeneration from cotyledons, including culture medium type, combinations of plant growth
regulators, and sucrose concentrations in the medium, as well as illumination were investigated. Murashige and Skoog's (MS)
medium was found to be best for promoting shoot regeneration, followed by Gamborg's B5 and White's medium. The highest shoot regeneration frequency was achieved from cotyledons cultured on MS medium supplemented
with 2.0 mgl−1 (8.9 μM) 6-benzyladenine and 1.0 mgl−1 (5.4 μM) α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with 97.9% regeneration, associated with a high number of multiple shoots developed per
explant (8.6 shoots per explant). A sucrose concentration of 3% present in the medium and light conditions were beneficial
for shoot regeneration. The shoots developed were rooted in a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgl−1 (5.4 μM) NAA and successfully transplanted in soil in pots with over 85% survival. The establishment of an efficient plant regeneration
procedure from cotyledons provides a basis for the rapid in vitro multiplication of tetraploid Isatis indigotica Fort., one of the most extensively used medicinal plants in China currently under great shortage. 相似文献
11.
Summary Segments of male inflorescences of medicinal yam (Dioscorea floribunda) cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 13.94 μM kinetin (Kn) resulted in the conversion of floral buds into vegetative buds and these later developed into plantlets. Growth
and multiplication of shoots could be obtained by culturing individual shoots in MS modified basal medium, replacing the MS
standard three vitamins with 10.0 mgl−1 thiamine in addition to 13.94 μM Kn. Root induction was also obtained simultaneously from the base of the shoots in the same medium. Such plantlets have been
successfully transferred to potted soil, where they grew normally. Plantlets were also made to develop tubers on MS medium
with 18.91 μM abscisic acid (ABA) and also with 2.68 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 40–50 gl−1 sucrose. 相似文献
12.
Summary Micropropagation of the anti-cancer plant Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne from axillary buds and seed embryos was investigated. Axillary buds from greenhouse seedlings required a period
of culture in media free of N6-benzyladenine (BA) before multiple shoot induction began. Direct induction of multiple shoots on BA-containing medium resulted
in high mortality of the axillary buds. Multiple shoot induction from the greenhouse axillary buds was best achieved on B5
with 4.4 μM BA+0.5μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, forming an average of three 2-mm tall shoots per bud in 8 wk. Elongation of these multiple shoots
was successful at a lower BA level (0.22 μM) on B5 medium. Both in vitro and ex vitro rooting of the microcuttings was feasible with indole-3-butyric acid in the culture media, but ex vitro rooting led to high plantlet survival. Seed embryos were not ideal explants for multiple shoot induction. Shoot tips and
axillary buds of in vitro-germinated seedlings showed an optimal multiple shoot formation on B5 with 8.9 μM BA, double the optimal BA level for greenhouse axillary buds. Using axillary buds to propagate C. acuminata plants in vitro is feasible for mass propagation of desired clonal lines high in camptothecin concentrations. 相似文献
13.
Solange Faria Lua Figueiredo Norma Albarello Vera Regina Campos Viana 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(4):471-475
Summary A protocol for in vitro propagation of Rollinia mucosa, an important medicinal plant, was developed. The presence of 500 mg l−1 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) during explant excision was important to avoid browning. Axillary buds, adventitious buds, and
shoot cluster proliferation were achieved from epicotyl and hypocotyl explants from nursery-grown seedlings. The highest direct
organogenesis percentage from hypocotyl explants was obtained upon culture of explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented
with 2.2 μM benzyladenine (BA) plus 2.32 μM kinetin. Epicotyl explants display highest regeneration frequency on a medium containing 8.8 μM BA and 0.54 μM naphthaleneacetic acid. Gibberellic acid was necessary for shoot elongation. Root induction was observed when shoots were
pretreated with activated charcoal for 7 d in the dark before culture on Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 49.21 μM indolebutyric acid for 10 d. Root development was observed when 20 g l−1 sucrose was used. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized and grown in the greenhouse. 相似文献
14.
Martín Mata Rosas Víctor Manuel Chávez Avila Robert Bye Boettler 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(1):73-78
Summary Adventitious buds were induced from immature embryos of Picea chihuahuana, a species from the north of Mexico. The medium was Schenk and Hildebrandt supplemented with benzyladenine and kinetin, alone
or in combination with naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Adventitious buds were obtained through
a wide range of growth regulator concentrations, mainly from the cotyledonary region. Kinetin was more effective than benzyladenine
in shoot induction. The optimum shoot induction medium contained 23.0 μM kinetin, on which 11.2 adventitious buds per embryo were obtained. Shoot development and elongation were achieved on basal
SH medium at 50% concentration (SH 50) without growth regulators and improved with the reduction of sucrose concentration
to 10 g l−1. Differential response appeared to be associated with the provenance of the seeds, relative to the percentage of explants
that responded as well as the number of adventitious buds produced per embryo. A low percentage of shoot rooting was obtained
with a 24-h pulse on a medium with 16.1 or 26.85 μM of naphthaleneacetic acid. In the process of micropropagation of Picea chihuahuana, rooting is still the limiting factor. 相似文献
15.
Gerard C. Douglas John Mcnamara 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):412-415
Summary Regeneration of adventitious shoots was obtained in over 80% of explants, consisting of wounded cotyledonary nodes of Acacia mangium, by culturing germinated seedlings on DKW medium with combinations of N6-benzyladenine and either thidiazuron or N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea. Electron microscopy showed the presence of adventitious buds arising from wound tissue of the cotyledons and
cotyledonary nodes. Shoot regeneration was also obtained at lower frequency in isolated cotyledon explants cultured with 6%
sucrose alone (10%), or with 3% sucrose and 30.0 mg l−1 (0.1 μM) 2–4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 16%). With 2,4-D,>60% of explants produced organized structures but these did not
develop into shoots or somatic embryos. Shoot formation was not induced in either hypocotyl or root explants. 相似文献
16.
Immature zygotic embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and zeatin or with various concentrations of 2,4-D alone. The
maximum number (8 per embryo) of adventitious buds formed from cotyledons of heart stage embryos cultured on MS medium with
1 mg dm−3 BA and 0.01 mg dm−3 NAA. The adventitious buds originated from procambial strands of immature embryo cotyledons and then developed into adventitious
bud primordia within 20 d. Adventitious buds transferred to hormone free MS medium grew into shoots, but did not produce plantlets
because the shoots failed to root.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Xiaojiao Han Hongqiang Yang Kaixuan Duan Xinrong Zhang Haizhou Zhao Shuzhen You Qianqian Jiang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,96(1):29-34
The effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the multiplication, regeneration and rooting of Malus
hupehensis Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang in tissue culture have been investigated. The results showed that the multiplication of plantlets was promoted significantly
by applying 20 μM SNP to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1.0 μM zeatin
(ZT). Multiplication of plantlets from the 1st subculture was more sensitive to SNP than that from the 4th or 7th subculture.
The differentiation and regeneration of adventitious shoots from leaves or cotyledons increased significantly when 20–30 μM
SNP was supplied to the medium MS containing 25 μM BA, 2.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.5 μM ZT. Adventitious shoots regeneration frequency from cotyledons was higher than that
from leaves at the presence of SNP. The rooting of plantlets was promoted by SNP significantly and the best result for rooting
was achieved in the half-strength MS medium containing 75 μM SNP. In addition, adventitious roots without callus distributed
at the base of shoots when SNP was supplied. 相似文献
18.
Marián López José Pacheco Roberto Rodríguez Ricardo J. Ordás 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1996,32(2):109-114
Summary Plantlet regeneration of salgare?o pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp.salzmannii (Dunal) Franco) was achieved from cotyledons. The data showed that the best differentiation response occurred when cotyledons,
from 1-d-old embryos germinated in darkness, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (half-strength macroelements) with
22 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.05 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for 2–3 wk. Shoot development was obtained by subculturing treated explants on the same medium
without growth regulators. Shoots were successfully micropropagated by sequential subculturing them on medium containing growth
regulators (5 μM BA and 0.005 μM NAA) and on hormone-free medium for 2 and 12 wk, respectively. To induce adventitious roots, shoots were treated with 3 μM NAA, and 8 μM indole-3-butyric acid for 2 wk, followed by transfer to Murashige and Skoog medium (1/4-strength macroelements, 20 g·L−1 sucrose) without growth regulators. After 3–4 wk, almost all the rooted shoots (65%) could be successfully transplanted and
acclimatizated in the greenhouse, where the plants exhibited normal growth habit. 相似文献
19.
Summary A method for adventitious shoot induction from petiole explants of Heracleum candicans is reported. Shoot buds were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 4.4μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1.1 μM 2,4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A wound response in the presence of BA and 2,4-D at the time of culture was necessary
for inducing shoot buds. The shoot bud regeneration was significantly influenced by size, type and orientation of explants
on the culture medium. These shoot buds developed into 4–5 cm shoots upon transfer to a medium containing 1.1μM BA and 0.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The regenerated shoots formed rooted plantlets on MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 15 plants were established in the field for further evaluation. 相似文献
20.
Summary Axillary and terminal buds from suckers of Ananas comosus cv. Phuket were established on Murashige and Tucker-based (MT) medium with 2.0 mgl−1 (9.8 μM) indolebutyric acid, 2.0 mgl−1 (10.74 μM) naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2.0 mgl−1 (9.29 μM) kinetin, followed by multiplication on Murashige and Skoog-based (MS) medium containing 2.0 mgl−1 (8.87 μM) benzyladenine (BA) to provide a continuous supply of axenic shoots. Leaves, excised from such cultured shoots, produced
adventitious shoots from their bases when these explants were cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mgl−1 (2.26 μM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2.0 mgl−1 (8.87 μM) BA. Embryogenic callus was produced when leaf explants were cultured on MS medium with 3.0 mgl−1 (12.42 μM) 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). Somatic embryos developed into shoots following transfer of embryogenic
tissues to MS medium with 1.0 mgl−1 (4.44 μM) BA. Cell suspensions, initiated by transfer of embryogenic callus to liquid MS medium with 1.0 mgl−1 (4.14 μM) picloram or 1.0 mgl−1 (4.52 μM) 2,4-D, also regenerated shoots by somatic embryogenesis, on transfer of cells to semisolid MS medium with 1.0 mgl−1 (4.44 μM) BA. All regenerated shoots rooted on growth regulator-free MS medium, prior to ex vitro acclimation and transfer to the glasshouse. These studies provide a baseline for propagation, conservation, and genetic manipulation
of elite pineapple germplasms. 相似文献